Repositorio Institucional INIA (Inst. Nacional de Innovacion Agraria)
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Effect of boar semen cryopreservation on sperm plasma membrane functionality
No full textEl objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la funcionalidad de la membrana plasmática de espermatozoides criopreservados de verraco en muestras con diferentes porcentajes de gametos viables. Se utilizaron 15 eyaculados en cuatro tratamientos con 100, 75, 50 y 25% de espermatozoides viables. Previo a la criopreservación los espermatozoides se incubaron durante 24 h. Cada tratamiento se diluyó en TRISY (Tris con yema de huevo) y los espermatozoides se almacenaron a 5 ºC. Luego, se utilizó TRIS-Y-G-E (Tris con yema de huevo-glicerol-Equex) para la dilución y se envasaron en pajillas de 0.5 mL. Se congelaron en forma manual en nitrógeno líquido en dos etapas de temperatura. La descongelación de las pajillas se hizo a 37 ºC durante 20 s. La funcionalidad espermática fue evaluada pos-descongelación (30 y 150 min), utilizando [Merocianina 540 (M540) y Yo-Pro-1] en muestras incubadas en un medio capacitado (37 ºC y 5% de CO2 ). La peroxidación lipídica fue medida mediante espectrofotometría e indirectamente a partir de la concentración de malonildialdehído (MDA) y la producción intracelular de sustancias oxígeno reactivas (ROS) en muestras incubadas durante 30 min. Las concentraciones de MDA aumentaron conforme disminuyó el porcentaje de espermatozoides viables. Se observó una correlación negativa entre MDA y la movilidad total (MT), la movilidad progresiva (MP), y la integridad de la membrana plasmática y acrosomal. Hubo un efecto del tratamiento de gametos viables y del tiempo pos-descongelación sobre la producción de ROS y la desestabilización de la membrana plasmática. El porcentaje de gametos viables del semen antes de la criopreservación condicionó la calidad espermática de las muestras criopreservadas
O2 and 03 application in pre-basic seed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
No full textLa baja productividad de la papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) en Perú está estrechamente relacionada con el uso de semilla infectada y el acceso limitado a tecnologías de desinfección efectivas. Este estudio evaluó el efecto del sistema de microburbujas de ozono y oxígeno aplicado al riego sobre la calidad y el vigor de la semilla prebásica de papa (cv. INIA 303) en Canaán, Ayacucho, Perú. Se aplicaron cuatro tratamientos (T1: 100%, T2: 75%, T3: 50% nano-oxígeno; T4: control) bajo un diseño completamente aleatorizado. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante ANOVA y la prueba de Tukey (α = 0,05). Los resultados revelaron diferencias altamente significativas (p 20 g, lo que contribuyó a un mejor rendimiento. Los hallazgos sugieren que la tecnología de oxigenación y ozonización mejora el crecimiento vegetativo, aumenta el rendimiento potencial y reduce la hipoxia y el estrés por patógenos, lo que representa una estrategia prometedora para mejorar la sanidad y la productividad de las semillas en la producción de semilla pre-básica de papa en condiciones de tierras altas andinas
Rhizobium inoculation sustains optimal yields on native common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under nitrogen-deficient fertilization
No full textNative bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) play a crucial role in ensuring food security in the Andean region. However, their cultivation faces challenges, such as low yields and a high dependence on nitrogen fertilizers. Addressing these issues requires the development of sustainable strategies to enhance productivity. This study evaluated the interaction between Rhizobium phaseoli inoculation and three levels of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization on the growth, yield, and nutritional profile of the 'Tiachos bayo' native bean variety under Andean field conditions. Two R. phaseoli strains (UNC-1 and CIAT-2) were tested in combination with three levels of chemical fertilization (0%, 50%, and 100%) using a factorial design under field conditions. Parameters assessed included nodule number, plant height, phenology, yield, and proximal grain composition. Results indicated that inoculation and fertilization levels significantly influenced nodulation, phenological phases, and crop yield. The highest yield (2172 kg·ha⁻¹) and nodule number (78) were observed with the combined treatment of R. phaseoli CIAT-2 strain with 100% fertilization. It was concluded that R. phaseoli inoculation, when integrated with appropriate fertilization, enhances the productivity of native beans.This article was funded by the INIA project CUI 2487112, “Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia tecnológica en el manejo y recuperación de suelos agrícolas degradados y aguas para riego en la pequeña y mediana agricultura en los departamentos de Lima, Áncash, San Martín, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Junín, Ayacucho, Arequipa, Puno y Ucayali”
Phenotypic characterization of the creole goat in the southern highlands of Peru: A first step toward the sustainable use of a forgotten zoogenetic resource
No full textBackground: Five hundred years ago, goats were introduced to Peru, and since then, they have adapted to different climatic conditions, giving rise to the Creole goat, characterized by showing greater rusticity and better quality in both milk and meat than specialized breeds. Aim: This study aimed to describe the phenotype of the Creole goat in the Highlands of Chincha province, Ica. Methods: A total of 146 females aged >2 years without signs of crossbreeding with specialized breeds from the districts of San Juan de Yanac, San Pedro de Huacarpana, and Chavin were evaluated. Six phaneroptic characteristics, nine morphometric characteristics, and nine zoometric indices were registered. Tables and bar graphs were prepared. The chi-square test was performed to determine the association between districts and phaneroptic variables, ANOVA to identify differences between districts, correlation coefficients to evaluate morphostructural harmonicity, and multiple regression analysis to predict the live weight of animals. Results: Of the goats, 61.6% had a spotted coat, 59.6% had no beard, 75.3% had horns, 57.5% had parallel teats, 90.4% had no wattles, and 80.8% had the correct number of teats, showing an association between district and absence/ presence of beard (p = 0.001). All morphometric parameters and zoometric indices were homogeneous within each district, with differences between districts (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The Creole goat of the high Andean area of Chincha is characterized by presenting a high morphostructural harmony, being medium to large in size, brevilineal, convexilinear and having a productive aptitude with a tendency to double purpose
Ichu valorization by pleurotus spp. cultivation and potential of the residual substrate as a biofertilizer
No full textThe high-Andean grass Jarava ichu (Poaceae) plays a vital role in water regulation and aquifer recharge. However, its limited use is often linked to forest fires, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives. Therefore, this study aims to explore the valorization of ichu as a substrate for the cultivation of Pleurotus spp. (P. citrinopileatus, P. djamor, and P. ostreatus) and to evaluate the potential of the residual substrate as a biofertilizer, offering an ecological alternative to grassland burning in the Peruvian Andes. Samples of ichu from the district of Tomás (Lima, Peru) were used as culture substrate, analyzing productivity indicators such as crop cycle (CC), biological efficiency (BE), and production rate (PR), together with the nutritional profile of the fungi and the chemical properties of the residual substrate. The results showed an average biological efficiency of 19.8%, with no significant differences (p > 0.05) in CC, BE, or PR among the species, confirming the viability of ichu as a substrate. The fungi presented a high protein content (24.1–30.41% on a dry basis), highlighting its nutritional value. In addition, the residual substrate exhibited elevated levels of phosphorus (795.9–1296.9 ppm) and potassium (253.1–291.3 ppm) compared to raw ichu (0.11–7.77 ppm for both nutrients). Germination tests on radish seeds showed rates between 80% and 100%, without inhibition, supporting its potential as a biofertilizer. This study demonstrates the double potential of ichu as a substrate for the sustainable production of edible mushrooms of high nutritional value and as a source of biofertilizers.This research was funded by the INIA project CUI 2487112 “Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia tecnológica en el manejo y recuperación de suelos agrícolas degradados y aguas para riego en la pequeña y mediana agricultura en los departamentos de Lima, Áncash, San Martín, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Junín, Ayacucho, Arequipa, Puno y Ucayali”
A review of sustainable cattle genetic improvement in the Peruvian Highlands
No full textCattle breeding in the highlands of Peru is an important economic activity at the level of the entire rural extension, because it serves as an economic reserve for rural families and forms an integral part of the agri cultural producer’s culture. This review aimed to provide a literature- and research-based approach to the fundamental aspects of a national genetic improvement plan, emphasising the efficacy of using a bovine germplasm of high genetic quality as an initiative to implement genetic improvement programmes. The concepts to be implemented in national livestock farming include high yield, feed conversion efficiency, and minimum greenhouse gas emissions. The use of a dual-purpose germplasm to maximise the usefulness of livestock farmers and the implementation of improvement programmes, with the expectation of achieving a differential increase in genetic merit, were also considered. In addition to aspects related to milk and carcase quality, there is a terri torial approach, such as the case of breeds that adapt to terminal crossbreeding and consider reproductive as pects. One of the final aspects considered is the conservation and valuation of local animals within conservation and improvement plans owing to their resistance and adaptation to temperature and altitude conditionsTo Project CUI 2432072: ‘Mejoramiento de la disponibilidad de material genético de ganado bovino con alto valor a nivel nacional. 7 Departamentos’ of the Ministry of Agrarian Development and Irrigation – Peru
El cultivo de maracuyá
No full textEl Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Organismo Técnico Especializado del Estado Peruano adscrito al Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego (MIDAGRI) y, ente rector del Sistema Nacional de Innovación Agraria (SNIA), cumple la misión de gestionar la investigación, desarrollo e innovación a través de la conservación de los recursos naturales, lo cual es realizado a través del desarrollo y transferencia de tecnologías, así como de la conservación y aprovechamiento de los recursos genéticos, con la finalidad de contribuir al crecimiento sostenible del sector agrario nacional.
La Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario (DDTA) es el órgano del INIA a través del cual se desarrolla la investigación, se genera el conocimiento y se realiza la transferencia tecnológica, la asistencia técnica y los servicios tecnológicos agrarios; al mismo tiempo, es responsable de monitorear la adopción de las tecnologías generadas. En el marco de sus funciones, esta Dirección, viene ejecutando el proyecto: “Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia tecnológica agraria en algunos cultivos frutícolas en los 24 departamentos del Perú (PROFRUT)”, identificado con CUI 2532404, el cual incluye acciones de investigación relacionadas al manejo agronómico, patologías vegetales, poscosecha y mejoramiento genético en cultivos frutícolas y de transferencia tecnológica a través de la difusión de sus resultados.
En el contexto de dicho proyecto, se ha elaborado esta guía, titulada: “El cultivo de maracuyá”, que el INIA pone a disposición de productores, investigadores, profesionales y público en general interesados en los aspectos técnicos del proceso productivo para la obtención de esta fruta, la cual es un producto potencialmente relevante para el sector agrario nacional
Yield predictions of ‘Del Cerro’ cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm by multispectral monitoring in the north coast of Peru
Full text linkPeruvian cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has great acceptance and demand in the national and international textile market due to the excellent quality of its extra-long fiber, durability and resistance. To evaluate cotton cultivar performance, we need to use tools such as drones + sensors. However, these tools have not been widely used in the Peruvian agricultural area. Here we evaluated seven agro-morphological characters of 21 accessions of Del Cerro cotton cultivar from the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation of Peru with highthroughput phenotyping methods. We employed a Matrice 300 RTK unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with the MicaSense Dual Red Edge Blue multispectral sensor to assess plant height, yield, and spectral signature during physiological maturity stage; other morphological characters were manually scored. Multispectral monitoring revealed the phytosanitary status of the crop, which begins to enter senescence after 130 d after sowing (DAS) due to the decrease of the vegetation indices (VI). Pearson correlations between yield and VI showed favorable values, exceeding 0.60 at 94 DAS for normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), relative vigor index (RVI), and normalized difference red edge index (NDRE). Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted on the same date, a significant correlation was found between NDVI and yield. Additionally, yield prediction equations were generated with the normalized difference water index (NDWI) showing an R value of 0.74 at 130 DAS. The findings of this study suggest that remote sensing evaluation is suitable for estimating ‘Del Cerro’ cotton yield in infrared (IR) bands, providing a tool for germplasm evaluation that can influence decision-making and better conservation strategies
Dose and imbibition times of hydrogen peroxide in germination and initial growth of cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.)
No full textBackground: Cotton is a crop of great socioeconomic interest in the textile industry in Peru, however, it is sown directly in the field where it presents irregular germination. Objective: To evaluate the effect of four doses of hydrogen peroxide and two imbibition times on the germination and initial growth of cotton. Methodology: The commercial hydrogen peroxide CP (H2O2 at a concentration of 3 g 100 mL¯¹) was used in the treatments: T0 (control- distilled water), T1 (10% CP), T2 (30% CP), T3 (50% CP), T4 (100% CP) subjected to 6 and 12 h of imbibition. Germination evaluations were made: germination percentage (GP), germination speed (GS), germination index (GI), Biometry: seed weight (SW), stem length (ST), number of leaves (NL) and root length (RL). Stem biomass: fresh weight (SFW) and dry weight (SDW), and root biomass: fresh weight (RFW) and dry weight (RDW). Results: T3-6 h improved germination variables. T1-6 h improved biometry and biomass variables. SW presented a negative correlation with NL. NL was positively correlated with SDW. SDW was positively correlated with SFW. Also, SFW with RL, RDW and RFW. RL with RDW. RDW with RFW and ST. The RFW with ST. Implications: The use of H2O2 increases germination and biomass of cotton seedlings. Conclusion: T3-6 h improved germination variables. However, T1-6 h improved biometry and biomass variables
Native microbial consortia: A sustainable strategy for improving the quality of forest seedlings in the Peruvian Amazon
No full textForest plantations represent an alternative to reduce timber extraction pressure in the Amazonian forests. In order to tolerate the hostile field conditions of deforested areas, high-quality seedlings are required. This study aimed to find the optimal dose of a native microbial consortium (NMC), which enhances seedling quality indicators, in three forest species at nursery phase. A completely randomized design (3 × 5) was used. Factor 1: Bolaina blanca (Guazuma crinita Mart.), Capirona (Calycophyllum spruceanum Benth. Hook. f.), and Marupa (Simarouba amara Aubl.). Factor 2: Incremental doses of 0, 160, 320, 480, and 640 mL NMC per plant. The nursery survival (%), robustness index, root height/length ratio, shoot–root index, Dickson Quality Index (DQI), Nitrogen (%), Phosphorus (%), and Potassium (%) content in tissues were analyzed. Statistical analyses consisted of two-way ANOVA per variable and correlation analysis. The results indicated that increasing doses of NMC did not improve nursery survival for any species; did not decrease the robustness index, plant height/root length ratio, or the shoot–root index for any species; and did not increase the DQI, P%, or K% for any species; however, they did increase the N% for all species. In conclusion, the incremental dose of 160 mL was chosen for increasing the N% without affecting nursery survival.This research was funded by the research project “Analysis of Native Beneficial Microorganisms and their influence on the quality of forest species seedlings n Pucallpa” with Dr. Cesar Mori Montero as project manager and funded by the Camisea Socioeconomic Development Fund—FOCAM, through the Scientific-Technological and Innovation Research Projects Contest—2021, organized by the Vice-Rectorate of Research of the National University of Ucayali. Also, it received contributions from the INIA project “Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia tecnológica en el manejo y recuperación de suelos agrícolas degradados y aguas para riego en la pequeña y mediana agricultura en los departamentos de Lima, Áncash, San Martín, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Junín, Ayacucho, Arequipa, Puno y Ucayali” under CUI 2487112