Ruralis Brage
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Forslag til tiltak for mer bruk av lauvtre i bygg og mer gjenbruk av tre (forstudie)
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Inducing fear using acoustic stimuli—A behavioral experiment on moose (Alces alces) in Sweden
Get PDFPrey species may display anti-predatory behavior, i.e., flight, increased vigilance, and decreased feeding, in response to the true presence of a predator or to the implied presence of a predator through, e.g., acoustic cues. In this study, we investigated the anti-predatory reactions of moose (Alces alces) to acoustic stimuli related to hunting, at saltlick stones, a known attractant. In before-during-after-control-impact experiments, we compared the behavioral responses of individuals to: (i) two hunting-related acoustic stimuli—hunting dog barking and human speaking; (ii) nonpredatory acoustic stimuli—bird sounds and; and (iii) no acoustic stimulus (control). We asked: (1) How does the probability of moose leaving the site differ depending on the stimulus they are exposed to?; (2) What affect do the acoustic stimuli have on the amount of time moose spend vigilant, feeding, or away from the site?; and (3) What affect do the stimuli have on the time between events at a site? We found that when exposed to the human stimulus, moose left the sites in 75% of the events, which was significantly more often compared to the dog (39%), bird (24%), or silent (11%) events. If moose did not leave the site, they spent more time vigilant, and less time feeding, particularly when exposed to a dog or human stimulus. Furthermore, moose spent the most time away from the site and took the longest to visit the site again after a human stimulus. Moose were also more likely to leave the site when exposed to the bird stimulus than during silent controls. Those that remained spent more time vigilant, but their behaviors returned to baseline after the bird stimulus ended. These findings suggest that acoustic stimuli can be used to modify the behavior of moose; however, reactions towards presumably threatening and nonthreatening stimuli were not as distinct as we had expected.publishedVersio
Såret i Bygda - En kvalitativ studie av opplevelsen av demokratiske prosesser ved utbygging av vindkraft
Get PDFRapporten tar for seg opplevelsen av demokrati og medbestemmelse relatert til lokal utbygging av vindkraft i et mindre bygdesamfunn. Analysen viser at bygdesamfunnet ikke følte seg informert eller hørt i prosessen med utbyggingen av vindkraft på stedet, selv om de så ut til ha en sterk vilje til å medvirke i prosessen. Et annet viktig funn er den polariseringen i et lite lokalsamfunn som store utbygginger kan medføre. Studien kan bidra til økt kunnskap om prosesshåndtering og menneskers opplevelse av miljøendringSåret i Bygda - En kvalitativ studie av opplevelsen av demokratiske prosesser ved utbygging av vindkraftpublishedVersio
Helse, miljø og sikkerhet i reindrift. Funn fra kartlegging blant reindriftsutøvere
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Climate considerations aside: What really matters for farmers in their implementation of climate mitigation measures
Get PDFThe implementation of climate mitigation measures at the farm level is highly dependent on farmers' willingness to make adjustments to their farms. While many studies have identified various barriers to climate mitigation in agriculture – among them farmers’ weak interest in climate – there has been less research focused on the different kinds of influences actually leading to the decisions and acts of implementing relevant measures. Hence, we undertook a qualitative investigation of eight Norwegian farms that have employed a range of such measures. Most importantly, our findings show that climate considerations are not an essential driver among farmers who have implemented relevant measures. Instead, climate mitigation measures are mainly perceived as, treated as, and appreciated for offering (farm-beneficial) functions other than climate change mitigation. Consequently, our study displays an opportunity for diffusion of technology and practices often believed to be curbed by the lack of climate-oriented farmers. Further, our findings point to a range of shared, favourable, contextual conditions (robust farm economy/economies of scale; sufficient time for farming; prospects for farm continuation; relevant subsidy schemes; beneficial climate and topography) enabling the implementation of climate mitigation measures on the involved farms. This reflects the reduced ability of farmers to act in climate-beneficial ways when these conditions are absent or exist with a negative sign. The mutual dependency between intrinsic drivers and enabling contextual conditions underlines the need for both research and development strategies that consider the entire picture. This would include targeting both critical enabling conditions for farmers and the message framing employed to promote climate-beneficial changes at the farm level.Climate considerations aside: What really matters for farmers in their implementation of climate mitigation measurespublishedVersio
Recognizing Women’s Wellbeing and Contributionto Social Resilience in Fisheries
Get PDFBuilding social resilience is important for fishing communities, whichglobally face unprecedented social and environmental change. Whilewomen’s direct and indirect contribution to fishing economies isincreasingly recognized, their contribution to the social resilience offisheries remains under-examined. Using interview and focus groupdata, we investigate women’s role in supporting the social resilienceof UK fishing communities and examine implications for women’swellbeing. Our findings reveal that beyond supporting the economicviability of fishing businesses, women help maintain the social fabricof fisheries and nurture the physical and mental wellbeing of fishingfamilies, often at a cost to their own material, social and emotionalwellbeing. Tensions between social resilience at the household orcommunity level and women’s individual wellbeing have importantimplications for fisheries policy, which rarely considers the widersocial context of fisheries. We identify ways in which women’s rolesand wellbeing can be included in decision-making and policy.publishedVersio
Centre-periphery conflicts and alienation in a resource-based economy
Get PDFSince the early 2010s, increased centre-periphery tensions have arisen across the Western Hemisphere and have had a significant influence on domestic policies. Analysts have explained this as an effect of economic inequalities and rural marginalisation. In this article it is argued that rural upheavals and centre-periphery conflicts can be caused by processes of alienation. The authors’ analysis is based on existing literature and statistics, as well as their own previously published research. From the case of Norway, they suggest that rural and peripheral upheavals can be explained as alienation caused by a combination of two different phenomena: ongoing transitions within the rural political economy of nature-based industries and sectors, and changes in the role of the modern welfare state, towards a state that in several key policy areas withdraws from the peripheries. Combined, these economic and political developments have produced a state of rural alienation and sharpening centre-periphery tensions, even in the absence of marginalisation and increases in economic inequality. In conclusion, the main argument of the article is that combined, such economic and political developments have produced a state of rural alienation and sharpening centre-periphery tensions, even in the absence of marginalisation and increases in economic inequality.Centre-periphery conflicts and alienation in a resource-based economypublishedVersio
Antimicrobial resistance in dairy slurry tanks: A critical point for measurement and control
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