Ruralis Brage
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Cabin life and work life
Get PDFHytteliv og arbeidsliv sees vanligvis som atskilte fenomener. Man arbeider hjemme, og reiser så påhytta på for å ta en fortjent pust i bakken. Fritidsboligen er et sted for rekreasjon (ferieliv) og ikke produksjon (hverdagsliv). I denne artikkelen diskuterer vi hvordan dette skillet utfordres av mangehyttebrukere som tar med seg arbeidet på hytteturen: Hvordan skapes nye hyttepraksis er når de tradisjonelle rekreative gjøremålene kombineres med lønnsarbeid
The second home phenomenon and Norwegian rurality
Get PDF-The article analyses how recent developments relating to the second homes phenomenon are intertwined with fundamental changes in the character of rurality in Norwegian society. Building on Halfacree's three-dimensional model of rural space published in 2006, the authors discuss how rural localities, rural lived lives, and formal representations of the rural are increasingly informed by and inform the second home phenomenon. In addition to public statistics, the discussion is informed by empirical data from the Centre for Rural Research's large-scale national and representative survey City, Countryside and Second Homes 2008. It is argued that there are three main dimensions and/or aspects that are central in the two-way relationship between rural space and second homes in Norway, namely extremely dispersed settlement and plenty of available land, rural-urban migration and mobility, and representations of the rural as idyll
Youth migration, rurality and class: a Bourdieusian approach
Get PDF-Drawing on Bourdieusian social theory, the paper combines class and social constructionist perspectives to reconceptualize youth’s rural-to-urban migration. It discusses how structural properties of everyday lives, e.g. class background, inform rural youth’s evaluations of rurality, and how these evaluations generate specific rural/urban residential preferences and migration practices. The theoretical discussion is informed by a survey study among rural teenagers in a remote rural region in Norway – the Mountain Region. The results show significant correspondence between informants’ location in the rural class structure as measured by parents’ economic/cultural capital resources and occupation, their evaluations of rurality and, finally, their preferences along the rural–urban dimension for a future place to live. The findings indicate that the social background of rural youth has a greater influence on migration decisions than has been acknowledged in contemporary and predominantly social-constructionist rural migration research. Thus, the paper advocates a theoretical framework that conceptualizes the migration decisions of rural youth as resulting from individualized and free choices, but still structured by predispositions of their rural class habitus
Innovation in the Norwegian Rural Tourism Industry: Results from a Norwegian Survey
Get PDF-This paper focuses on innovation in the rural tourism industry. The data is a survey including 133 Norwegian rural tourism enterprises. The operational definition of innovation in this study is quite similar to the one used in the European innovation studies, the Community Innovation Survey, conducted by Eurostat. The seven hypotheses in this study are deduced from the review of the literature. The survey indicates rather high rates of innovations among rural tourism enterprises even if the rates are somewhat lower than the average of other tourism enterprises in Norway. The rural tourism enterprises’ innovative capacity is closely associated with the enterprises’ involvement in cooperation, use of market-information systems, and actions taken to increase the employees’ competence. Additionally, the enterprises with an exporting orientation generate more product innovations than other enterprises. Enterprises that acquire public grants have also on average implemented more product and market innovations compared with the rest of the enterprises. The findings give grounds for some practical recommendations. Finally, more research is needed due to the fact that research on innovation has rarely focused on small-scale, rural tourism enterprises
Spis ikke, med mindre helsa eller miljøet blir bedre! Om utviklingen i norske forbrukeres holdninger til genmodifisert mat
Get PDF-I denne artikkelen drøfter vi hvordan norske forbrukeres holdninger til genmodifisert
mat har endret seg gjennom årene. Allerede da genteknologi ble
etablert som et eget forskningsfelt og utviklingsområde på 1980-tallet, viste
den norske opinionen stor skepsis. Den norske lovgivningen tidlig på 1990-tallet
utmerket seg også som den mest restriktive i Europa. Dette bildet endret seg
ikke mye i løpet av 1990-tallet, mens opinionen i mange europeiske land i disse
årene kom mer på linje med den norske. I hele denne perioden var både forbrukeropinionen
og lovgivningen i USA langt mer aksepterende enn i Europa,
noe som ga seg utslag i en handelskonflikt som toppet seg med EU sitt moratorium
for utsetting av genmodifiserte planter i 1999. I denne artikkelen stiller
vi spørsmålet om norske forbrukeres holdninger til genmodifisert mat har
endret seg de siste årene. Artikkelen viser at mellom 2002 og 2007 er det en
voksende gruppe av forbrukere som ser ut til å akseptere genmodifiserte matvarer
hvis det fører til en helse- eller miljøgevinst (mindre sprøytemidler). Men
til tross for dette så er nordmenn fremdeles skeptiske til genmodifisert mat.
Det kan tolkes slik at genmodifisert mat ikke har ført til den nytten som ansees
nødvendig for å ta den risikoen det innebærer å gjøre et betydelig skifte i matseddel.
Matpatriotisme og en kulturell konservatisme når det gjelder skifte i
matvaner bidrar også til å forklare den dominerende vente-og-se-holdningen
North Atlantic Fisheries in Change. From Organic Associations to Cybernetic Organizations
Get PDF-During the 1990s radical changes took place in marine ecosystems,
fisheries and fishing communities around the North Atlantic. Social-ecological
restructuring involving interactive changes in marine ecosystems, harvest technologies, fisheries science, management practices and goals, fishing households
and communities and markets radically transformed fisheries associations. This
article draws on insights from multiple sources, including a series of career history
and other semi-structured interviews with fishers from Newfoundland and
Labrador and Norway. These insights are presented in the form of career histories
of two fishers, one from North Norway and one from Labrador on Canada’s east
coast. These career histories are contextualized within the larger literature on the
post-World War II history of these two regions and the resulting descriptions are
used to inform the design of three ideal types of fishery associations (organic,
mechanical and cybernetic) that capture three main phases of interactive socialecological restructuring during this period. Our argument is that today’s North
Atlantic harvesters are increasingly embedded in cybernetic fisheries organizations
that are radically different from the forms of association that dominated in
the past. In our analysis and conclusion we highlight the sustainability challenges
and opportunities this process of cyborgization poses for these fishers and for
North Atlantic fisheries in the future.Rambu program in the Norwegian Research Counci
The Cyborgization of the Fisheries. On Attempts to Make Fisheries Management Possible
Get PDF-Although natural resource exploitation has a long tradition, modern resource
management is a more recent phenomenon. The huge variety in natural
resource exploitation has made it difficult to place the industrial harvesting of
marine living resources under political and managerial control. For most of history
fish and fishing people have for all practical purposes been unmanageable.
From the late 1960s, when it became apparent that important fisheries resources
were about to be overexploited by industrial technologies, the process to transform
fish, fishing people and fishing technologies to make them manageable has
intensified. The management process contributes to an organizational change in
the fisheries in which cybernetic forms of organization create complex and heterogeneous
networks linking together nature, society, technology, science, markets,
and policy in new ways. With Actor-Network Theory (ant) and the history
of industrial commercial fisheries in Norway, Canada and worldwide as points
of departure, this article outlines a theoretical framework for the study of how
natural and social entities are transformed and linked together to become modern
fisheries resource management.Norwegian Research Counci
Rural residents' opinions about second home owners' pursuit of own interests in the host community
Get PDF-Many second home owners demand rights, benefits, and influence in their host community, and the article examines how second home owners in pursuit of their interests can gain acceptance among local residents. The analysis is based on interviews with local residents in four rural Norwegian second home municipalities. The findings show that local residents’ attitudes towards second home owners’ pursuit of their own interests in the host community depend to a large degree upon the residents’ perceptions of the outcome of second home tourism in their municipality. Local residents can tolerate second home owners’ demands as long as the second home owners satisfy some of the community's significant economic-material or social needs. When second home owners make demands while their presence does not bring any evident benefits to the host community they are perceived as trying to take without giving. Based on these findings, the author argues that it is not second home owners’ (objective) otherness from locals that is the main problem in cases of a conflictual climate between the two parties. Rather, it is the local structural context that constitutes the main problem if it does not make it possible for second home owners to contribute to the host community
Barns lek i natur – i spennet fra selvutfoldelse til kontroll
Get PDFI en 3-årig studie finansiert av Norges forskningsråds program Miljø 2015 (prosjektperiode 2012–2015) har vi i bred forstand undersøkt hvordan barn erfarer natur i dag. I denne artikkelen vil vi rette fokuset mot barns lek i natur, basert på erfaringer fra ulike delstudier. Delstudiene representerer ulik grad av og innhold i den voksne tilstedeværelsen. Det gjør at vi kan sette fokus både på barns mer frie og egeninitierte lek i natur og aktiviteter som i større grad er planlagt og styrt av voksne. Vi finner at barn gjennom selvstyrt lek stimuleres til en mer sanselig, emosjonell og kroppslig naturkontakt der naturomgivelsene utforskes på lekens premisser, enn når voksne mer aktivt er til stede. A 3-year project funded by The Research Council of Norway, Program Miljø 2015 (project period 2012– 2015) has examined how children experience nature today in different situations. In this paper we call attention to children’s free play in nature, based on various case-studies. They represent situations where adults have varying degrees of presence and also different roles for the children. This allows us to observe both situations where children are in free and self-initiated play and situations where adults guide and tightly look after the children. We find that children in free play are stimulated to a more sensuous, emotional and bodily interaction with nature, than situations when adults have more dominant presence and role.acceptedVersio
Trender i norsk landbruk 2016. Møre og Romsdal
Get PDFTrender i norsk landbruk (Trendundersøkelsen) er en postal spørreundersøkelse blant norske gårdbrukere som gjennomføres av Norsk senter for bygdeforskning hvert annet år. Undersøkelsen er blitt gjennomført i 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 og nå i 2016. Årets undersøkelse er dermed den åttende i rekken. Målet er å få etablert en kvantitativ database som gir informasjon om utviklingen innen landbruket over tid. En fylkesvis datainnsamling i Møre og Romsdal, på oppdrag fra Fylkesmannen i Møre og Romsdal, er den tredje i rekken. Den ble først gjennomført i 2008 og deretter i 2012. I dette notatet presenterer vi resultatene fra den fylkesvise datainnsamlingen i Møre og Romsdal for 2016 i form av frekvenstabeller og figurer. Disse gir en oversikt over hvordan deltakerne i undersøkelsen fordeler seg på de ulike svarkategoriene for hvert spørsmål.Trender i norsk landbruk 2016. Møre og RomsdalpublishedVersio