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Integrated Water Resources Management in Myanmar Ecology of Rivers, Lakes, and Reservoirs
Get PDFProsjektleder: Ingrid NesheimThis is the final report from output 1 of the IWRM project 2015-2024. The goal of the project was to implement a classification system for the ecological status of rivers and lakes in Myanmar like the EU Water Framework Directive. As the project was ended in 2021 due to the military coup in Myanmar, planned activities could not be finished. This report presents a summary of the ecological surveys and ecological status assessments in selected water bodies in Myanmar achieved within the project. The report should be read in conjunction with the other comprehensive publications from the project. Although the current political situation in Myanmar put a halt to our activities, the reports and scientific papers comprised in this project, in addition to transferred knowledge about freshwater ecology to selected staff and to one PhD student from Myanmar, have led to a set of recommendations that hopefully will be an impetus for future river and lake biomonitoring in Myanmar. As knowledge about the ecology of most of the many water bodies in Myanmar is still poor a much bigger number of freshwater ecologists need to be educated to achieve the goal of classifying their status and to find solutions for their improvement.The Norwegian embassy in Yangon, Myanmar
Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, NorwaypublishedVersio
Satellite water quality monitoring: Status report 2023
Get PDFProsjektleder: Therese HarveyThis report covers the 1-year status report of the project Vannovervåking med satellitt 2023 – 2024 (2025)/ Satellite water quality monitoring 2023 –2024 (2025) funded by Miljødirektoratet/the Norwegian EnvironmentalAgency (NEA). It describes the work done in Work package 1, 3, 5 andpartly 6 as well as plans for 2024. In situ data have been gathered for themost monitored Norwegian lakes (for ØKOSTOR and ØKOFERSK) and thecoastal stations included in ØKOKYST. Both Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3data have been processed between 2016-2023. A demo viewer forexploring the data for some dedicated lakes and coastal areas has beenset up with granted access to project members. The infrastructure havebeen set up for the initial validation of 10+10 water bodies (WB) as well astests with MET and EUMETSAT for the future host of the service havebeen tested. The validation and evaluation of different algorithms of chl-aand Secchi depth data have started for the 10+10 WBs. The selection ofWB for the initial validation was based on water quality and opticalparameters to cover a wide range of water types and conditions.MiljødirektoratetpublishedVersio
Overvåking av TBT i krabber og fisk fra Vikkilen i Grimstad i 2023
Get PDFProsjektleder: Sigurd ØxnevadNorsk Institutt for Vannforskning har i 2023 utført overvåking av TBT (Tributyltinn) i taskekrabber og flatfisk fra Vikkilen i Grimstad. Overvåkingen er utført på oppdrag for AS Nymo som en del av et flerårig overvåkingsprogram for miljøovervåking av Vikkilen. Sjøbunnen i den indre delen av Vikkilen var i mange år svært forurenset av TBT. I 2016 ble det gjennomført sedimenttiltak i den indre delen av Vikkilen, i området med høyest forurensing av TBT. Med unntak av én prøve, var det kun lave konsentrasjoner av TBT (lavere enn 150 μg/kg våtvekt). En blandprøve av lever fra piggvar hadde høyere konsentrasjon (210 μg/kg) av TBT. En forklaring på dette kan være at disse fiskene kan ha oppholdt seg mest i områder som fortsatt er noe forurenset, utenfor det tildekkede området i Vikkilen. Det var lave konsentrasjoner av TBT i alle prøvene av taskekrabbe, i alle filétprøvene fra flatfiskene og i fire av fem leverprøver. Overvåkingen i 2023 viser at taskekrabber og flatfisk i Vikkilen er lite påvirket av TBT. De påviste nivåene av TBT i krabber og fisk skal ikke utgjøre fare for skadelige effekter på organismer høyere opp i næringskjeden.AS NymopublishedVersio
Assessment of the risks posed by domestic cats (Felis catus) to biodiversity and animal welfare in Norway
Get PDFVKM has evaluated to what extent keeping of cats pose a risk to biodiversity in Norway. Risks were assessed separately for threats to biodiversity from direct predation, indirect (non-lethal) effects, competition with other wildlife and spread of infectious organisms. VKM also assessed the risk of reduced animal welfare related to the keeping of domestic cats, both for the cats and their prey. In addition, VKM has assessed a range of risk-reducing measures aimed at minimizing the risk for negative impacts on biodiversity and animal welfare. Overall, VKM find that the risk of negative impact on vulnerable birds and red-listed mammalian species are high under certain conditions. VKM also find that there is a considerable risk associated with increased spread of infectious organisms from cats to wildlife and other domestic species. Some of these infectious organisms may also infect humans. With respect to mitigation measures, VKM concludes that measures focused on limiting cats’ access to prey populations are likely to yield the most positive outcomes in terms of mitigating the adverse impact on biodiversity.publishedVersio
Seasonal riverine inputs may affect diet and mercury bioaccumulation in Arctic coastal zooplankton
Get PDFClimate change driven increases in permafrost thaw and terrestrial runoff are expected to facilitate the mobilization and transport of mercury (Hg) from catchment soils to coastal areas in the Arctic, potentially increasing Hg exposure of marine food webs. The main aim of this study was to determine the impacts of seasonal riverine inputs on land-ocean Hg transport, zooplankton diet and Hg bioaccumulation in an Arctic estuary (Adventfjorden, Svalbard). The Adventelva River was a source of dissolved and particulate Hg to Adventfjorden, especially in June and July during the river's main discharge period. Stable isotope and fatty acid analyses suggest that zooplankton diet varied seasonally with diatoms dominating during the spring phytoplankton bloom in May and with increasing contributions of dinoflagellates in the summer months. In addition, there was evidence of increased terrestrial carbon utilization by zooplankton in June and July, when terrestrial particles contributed substantially to the particulate organic matter pool. Total (TotHg) and methyl Hg (MeHg) concentrations in zooplankton increased from April to August related to increased exposure to riverine inputs, and to shifts in zooplankton diet and community structure. Longer and warmer summer seasons will probably increase riverine runoff and thus Hg exposure to Arctic zooplankton.Seasonal riverine inputs may affect diet and mercury bioaccumulation in Arctic coastal zooplanktonpublishedVersio
Økokyst - DP Nordsjøen, Årsrapport 2022
Get PDFProsjektleder: Hilde Cecilie TrannumOvervåkingsprogrammet "Økosystemovervåking i Kystvann – Økokyst" har til hensikt å overvåke miljøtilstanden langs norskekysten i henhold til vannforskriften. Økokyst delprogram Nordsjøen dekker kyststrekningen fra Lista til Sognefjorden. 21 vannforekomster inngikk. Av disse fikk fem vannforekomster «moderat» tilstand, to «svært god» tilstand og de resterende fikk «god» tilstand. Det var hovedsakelig oksygen som trakk ned tilstanden, og i Jøsenfjorden også bløtbunnsfauna.MiljødirektoratetpublishedVersio
Acclimation to various temperature and pCO2 levels does not impact the competitive ability of two strains of Skeletonema marinoi in natural communities
Get PDFUnderstanding the long-term response of key marine phytoplankton species to ongoing global changes is pivotal in determining how oceanic community composition will respond over the coming decades. To better understand the impact of ocean acidification and warming, we acclimated two strains of Skeletonema marinoi isolated from natural communities to three pCO2 (400 μatm, 600 μatm and 1000 μatm) for 8 months and five temperature conditions (7°C, 10°C, 13°C, 16°C and 19°C) for 11 months. These strains were then tested in natural microbial communities, exposed to three pCO2 treatments (400 μatm, 600 μatm and 1000 μatm). DNA metabarcoding of the 16S and 18S gene for prokaryotes and eukaryotes respectively was used to show differences in abundance and diversity between the three CO2 treatments. We found there were no significant differences in acclimated S. marinoi concentrations between the three pCO2 treatments, most likely due to the high variability these strains experience in their natural environment. There were significant compositional differences between the pCO2 treatments for prokaryotes suggesting that indirect changes to phytoplankton-bacteria interactions could be a possible driver of bacterial community composition. Yet, there were no differences for eukaryotic community composition, with all treatments dominated by diatoms (but not the acclimated S. marinoi) resulting in similar biodiversity. Furthermore, strain-specific differences in community composition suggests interactions between prokaryotic and eukaryotic taxa could play a role in determining future community composition.publishedVersio
EuroGOOS roadmap for operational coastal downstream services
Get PDFThe EuroGOOS Coastal working group examines the entire coastal value chain from coastal observations to services for coastal users. The main objective of the working group is to review the status quo, identify gaps and future steps needed to secure and improve the sustainability of the European coastal service provision. Within this framework, our white paper defines a EuroGOOS roadmap for sustained “community coastal downstream service” provision, provided by a broad EuroGOOS community with focus on the national and local scale services. After defining the coastal services in this context, we describe the main components of coastal service provision and explore community benefits and requirements through sectoral examples (aquaculture, coastal tourism, renewable energy, port, cross-sectoral) together with the main challenges and barriers to user uptake. Technology integration challenges are outlined with respect to multiparameter observations, multi-platform observations, the land-coast-ocean continuum, and multidisciplinary data integration. Finally, the technological, financial, and institutional sustainability of coastal observing and coastal service provision are discussed. The paper gives special attention to the delineation of upstream and downstream services, public-private partnerships and the important role of Copernicus in better covering the coastal zone. Therefore, our white paper is a policy and practice review providing a comprehensive overview, in-depth discussion and actionable recommendations (according to key short-term or medium-term priorities) on the envisaged elements of a roadmap for sustained coastal service provision. EuroGOOS, as an entity that unites European national operational oceanography centres, research institutes and scientists across various domains within the broader field of operational oceanography, offers to be the engine and intermediary for the knowledge transfer and communication of experiences, best practices and information, not only amongst its members, but also amongst the different (research) infrastructures, institutes and agencies that have interests in coastal oceanography in Europe.publishedVersio
An integrated biological effects assessment of the discharge water into the Sunndalsfjord from an aluminium smelter
Get PDFAn integrated biological effects study using field transplanted mussels was applied to determine the potential biological effects of an effluent discharge from an aluminium smelter into a Norwegian fjord. Chemical body burden and biological effects were measured in mussels positioned downstream (1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 km) from the aluminium smelters discharge for a period of 6 weeks. A suite of biomarkers, from whole organism to subcellular responses were measured. Chemical concentrations in mussel tissues were low; however, a change in the PAC (polyaromatic compound) profile from high to low pyrogenic influence provided evidence of exposure to the smelter's effluent. Overall, the biological responses observed where greater in the mussels positioned closest to the smelter (1–5 km). Lowest chemical accumulation and biomarker responses were observed in mussels positioned 10 km from the smelter and were considered as the reference field population. Mussels located furthest from the smelter (20 km) exhibited significant biomarker responses and suggested a different contaminant source within the fjord. The integrated biological response index (IBR) was applied and reflected the expected level of exposure to the smelters discharge, with highest IBR calculated in mussels positioned closest to the discharge (1–5 km). Principal component analysis (PCA) also differentiated among mussel groups, with the most impacted located closest to the smelter. Not one chemical factor could explain the biological responses observed in mussels, but the presence of PAH16, PAH41 and metals Mn, Ni and Cr were the main contributors measured to the higher stress seen in the mussels from the 1 and 5 km groups.publishedVersio
Roles for advisory science in the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES)
Get PDFWhat role should science take when providing advice in support of policy and politics? Should a provider of science-based advice have its own position on the issues it provides advise on? Or should it be as impartial as possible from the value and policy context of the advice? This theme, long debated, gained new attention in fisheries and marine governance. Starting from theoretical concepts and stylised models, this study attends to a theory-practice gap by investigating concrete advisory practices. We analyse roles that the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) takes when producing and delivering science-based advice. ICES is an interesting case because its long history as advice provider offered it unique opportunities to consolidate and refine its advisory role. Published by the Advisory Committee in ICES, the 2021 “Guide to ICES advisory framework and principles” describes the overarching framework to ICES advice and the principles it builds on. Based on this guide, we analyse the forms of science-policy interactions and roles that ICES takes as advisor, how these roles are enabled, and the challenges they involve. We find that ICES takes different roles vis-à-vis policy and society for different contexts in which it provides advice. Our analysis of ICES’ advice portfolio provides lessons on how different advice products can be developed through structured processes in a way that helps to bridge the boundary between science and policy and support the enactment of what ICES sees as appropriate advisory roles.publishedVersio