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The LEVITATE Policy Support Tool of Connected and Automated Transport Systems
No full textApostolos Ziakopoulos, Julia Roussou, Amna Chaudhry, Bin Hu, Martin Zach, Maria Oikonomou, Knut Veisten, Knut Johannes Liland Hartveit, Mark Brackstone, Eleni Vlahogianni, Pete Thomas, George Yannis, The LEVITATE Policy Support Tool of Connected and Automated Transport Systems, Transportation Research Procedia, Volume 72, 2023, Pages 1113-1120, ISSN 2352-1465, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.566.Rapid technological advances leave limited margins for the preparation of cities to receive Connected, Cooperative and Automated Mobility (CCAM). The LEVITATE project endeavours to develop an open access web-based Policy Support Tool (PST), that will provide decision makers at all levels with access to LEVITATE methodologies and results. The aim of the PST is to consolidate the outputs of different methods into an overall framework for the assessment of impacts, benefits and costs of CCAM, for different automation and penetration levels and on different time horizons. The PST comprises two modules: the Knowledge and the Estimator module, which includes a forecasting and a backcasting sub-system. The present research provides an insight of the PST, by presenting the studied automation use cases, parameters and impacts of CCAM, the applied methodologies and the online tool.The LEVITATE Policy Support Tool of Connected and Automated Transport SystemspublishedVersio
Noise pollution of container handling: External and abatement costs and environmental efficiency
No full textKenneth Løvold Rødseth, Noise pollution of container handling: External and abatement costs and environmental efficiency, Transport Policy, Volume 134, 2023, Pages 82-93, ISSN 0967-070X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.02.002.While previous studies have pointed to their economic significance, terminal operations are frequently ignored in transport appraisal and policy analysis. This paper develops a generic model framework for estimating noise emissions from container terminal operations to derive key metrics for port policy analysis. A novel microeconomic production model that accommodates basic acoustics is proposed. Based thereon, abatement costs are derived using optimization and marginal external costs and efficiency scores are estimated using panel data frontier estimation. The virtues of the modeling approach are illustrated using noise meter readouts combined with port activity and meteorological data from the port of Oslo, Norway.publishedVersio
Safety of horizontal curves on rural two-lane roads in Norway
No full textElvik, R., & Strandvik Haugvik, E. (2023). Safety of horizontal curves on rural two-lane roads in Norway. Traffic Safety Research, 4, 000026. https://doi.org/10.55329/hkbk3638Horizontal curves are found on all roads. The relationship between the characteristics of horizontal curves and the number of accidents is complex and no previous study has included all factors that are potentially influential for accidents. This paper presents a study of 63 969 horizontal curves on rural two-lane roads in Norway. Accident prediction models including more characteristics of horizontal curves than used in any previous study were developed. Most of the characteristics were found to be related to the number of accidents. Most coefficients were consistent with those found in previous studies, but some findings were surprising. Compound curves, which are curves in which radius varies throughout the curve, were found to be safer than circular or nearly circular curves. A steeper slope of a vertical grade before a curve is associated with fewer accidents.publishedVersio
Changes over time in the relationship between road accidents and factors influencing them: The case of Norway
Full text linkPublished by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).This paper compares the results found in successive accident prediction models developed at the national level for Norway. Over time, the models have become more comprehensive in terms of the roads and the variables included in them. It is found that traffic volume has consistently had the strongest association with the number of accidents. It explains nearly all the systematic variation in the number of accidents. The second most important variable has consistently been the speed limit of 50 km/h, which indicates an urban area (the default speed limit in urban areas in Norway is 50 km/h). This variable has become less important over time. Motorways (freeways) have consistently had a lower accident rate than other roads. The mean number of accidents per road section declined considerably from 1986 to 89 to 2010–15. Systematic variation in the number of accidents between road sections was greatly reduced. At present, the variation in the annual number of accidents between road sections is mostly random.Changes over time in the relationship between road accidents and factors influencing them: The case of NorwaypublishedVersio
Analysis of Service Efficiency of Parcel Locker in Last-mile Delivery: A Case Study in Norway
No full textThis is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Transport Infrastructure and Systems (TIS ROMA 2022)
10.1016/j.trpro.2023.02.253The rapid growth of e-commerce is challenging last-mile parcel delivery services. Traditionally, parcel delivery is done using vans which deliver individual parcels to customers’ home (“home deliveries”) or by trucks to collection points, often situated in grocery stores. An alternative last-mile delivery solution is to deliver parcels to lockers where customers can pick them up. “Home deliveries” are known to be an expensive part of the supply chain, and cost and service efficiency vary with (uncertainty about) customers being present at home. Stores have their opening times, while parcel lockers can provide 24/7 access and also have higher potential to achieve a more economic and environmental sustainable solution, compared to home deliveries. This paper evaluates the cost and emissions implications of alternative solutions for last-mile delivery. A case study proposes and analyzes alternative expansion plans for a parcel locker distribution network in Norway. Results indicate that using parcel lockers is beneficial and the usage of more parcel locker delivery can improve service efficiency in last-mile delivery as it creates both the economic and environmental savings compared to home deliveries. An extended parcel locker network seems to be able to provide the optimal future delivery model that can operate more cost-efficiently and more sustainably than the delivery model under the current situation.Analysis of Service Efficiency of Parcel Locker in Last-mile Delivery: A Case Study in NorwaypublishedVersio
Cultural Heritage Reuse for Sustainable Development – Opportunities and Challenges
No full textKart og Plan is a scholarly journal with open access. All journal content is published online with immediate free access.Ambitious policies are calling for capitalizing on the opportunities of using underutilized material cultural heritage for sustainable development. In this article, we argue that such strategies must be followed up by instruments that rise to the challenge. From the recognition that reusing material cultural heritage may not solely translate into positive impacts, we present the results of a literature review aimed at establishing a knowledge base to facilitate the achievement of contemporary (inter)national policy goals. Findings reveal a gap between ambitious policy goals and the insufficiency of means to reach those goals. Our review shows that existing guidance is fragmented, diffuse and not comprehensive enough to cover the whole reuse process – from design to evaluation. While there are various frameworks to support selection of cultural heritage reuses, not all of them facilitate wide stakeholder consultation. Sustainability indicators and multicriteria analysis methods emerge as crucial (yet challenging) elements to support the consideration and integration of sustainability criteria and multiple interests and perspectives. The results reveal knowledge gaps and practical hurdles that can hinder putting policy goals into practice, but also identify needs and opportunities to be followed up in subsequent research. Looking forward, it will be key to reflect on what kind of instruments are required to reuse material cultural heritage in ways that contribute to sustainable development, as well as how these instruments are to be developed. Together, the ‘what’ and the ‘how’ will affect their capacity to integrate multiple perspectives, balance interests and, ultimately, how sustainability is operationalized.Cultural Heritage Reuse for Sustainable Development – Opportunities and ChallengespublishedVersio
Alcohol and driving—How bad is the combination? A meta-analysis
No full textAlena Katharina Høye & Ingeborg Storesund Hesjevoll (2023) Alcohol and driving—How bad is the combination? A meta-analysis, Traffic Injury Prevention, 24:5, 373-378, DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2023.2204984Objective
The objective of this study was to summarize existing knowledge on the association between driving under the influence of alcohol and road safety outcomes and to assess factors that may explain why these estimates vary.
Methods
Based on studies of the association between blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels and crashes, we used multilevel metaregression to calculate summary effects of BAC level and analyze potential moderators of the association.
Results
Based on 60 studies and 393 effect estimates, we found that BAC level, outcome severity, use of hospital data, and geographical region contributed to heterogeneity in results.
Conclusion
The effect of BAC on crash and injury risk and culpability is stronger at higher BAC levels and for more serious outcomes. The relationship between BAC level and outcome is approximately exponential. The relationship is stronger in studies from Nordic countries than in studies from other countries, possibly because of the relatively low level of drunk driving in these countries. Studies based on hospital data and studies using non-crash-involved control groups find smaller effects on average.publishedVersio
E-scooters and public transport – Complement or competition?
No full textJørgen Aarhaug, Nils Fearnley, Espen Johnsson, E-scooters and public transport – Complement or competition?, Research in Transportation Economics, Volume 98, 2023, 101279, ISSN 0739-8859, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2023.101279.The rapid deployment of shared electric scooters (e-scooters) has resulted in much attention from the public and regulators. In this paper we look at what role e-scooters have in the mobility system in Oslo, Norway. Previous research suggests that e-scooters fill three main functions: first by serving areas underserved by other modes; second that they replace public transport (PT) trips where the generalised costs of PT are relatively high; and third that they can play an important role as first/last mile mode. In this paper we look at the interaction between e-scooters and PT. We ask: do shared e-scooters compete with or complement public transport? We analyse competition between e-scooters and other modes by combining four data-sources: trip data from e-scooter trips; travel planner data for alternative modes; a survey conducted among e-scooter users collected for the purpose of the study; and the regional travel survey, obtained from the PT authority in the greater Oslo area. We find that e-scooters are both competing with and complementing PT. For most e-scooter trips, the PT alternative would take twice as much time, or more. A sizable share of e-scooter trips are indeed access and egress to/from PT.publishedVersio
Attitudinal drivers of home bias in public preferences for transboundary nature protected areas
No full textSviataslau Valasiuk, Mikołaj Czajkowski, Marek Giergiczny, Tomasz Żylicz, Knut Veisten, Iratxe Landa Mata, Askill Harkjerr Halse, Per Angelstam, Attitudinal drivers of home bias in public preferences for transboundary nature protected areas, Ecological Economics, Volume 208, 1-17, 2023, 107798, ISSN 0921-8009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2023.107798.We assess what drives the lower valuation of nature protection on the other side of the border in two European transboundary nature areas, the Białowieża Forest (Poland and Belarus), and Fulufjället (Norway and Sweden). Applying hybrid choice modelling, we account for people's attitudes when eliciting their preferences for extensions of transboundary nature protected areas. We examine the impact of attitudes on a so-called ‘home bias’ effect appearing in public preferences stated towards transboundary nature protected areas; that is the inclination towards preferring the domestic part. We find that concerning the intention of visiting the foreign part of the transboundary area, the appreciation of transboundary justice and altruism are the main systematic mitigators of home bias. Suspicious attitude towards the neighbouring country, the anticipation of unilateral foreign provision, and the manifestations of ‘patriotism’ apply as home bias drivers only to a limited degree. Facilitating visits to the foreign part by enhancing cross-border access can be expected to shift peoples' preferences towards transboundary co-operation.Attitudinal drivers of home bias in public preferences for transboundary nature protected areasThe study has been carried out within the framework of TRANPAREA project, financed by the Programme CORE of the Polish-Norwegian Research Co-Operation, which is administered by the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBiR), Warsaw. The contributions of Per Angelstam and Sviataslau Valasiuk were funded by the Swedish Research Council [grant number 2017:1342 to Per Angelstam]. Mikołaj Czajkowski gratefully acknowledges the support of the National Science Centre of Poland (Sonata Bis, 2018/30/E/HS4/00388). The authors are grateful to the participants of the four project workshops and fieldtrips, to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable contribution as well as to Zbigniew Karpowicz for his attentive proof-reading; any remaining errors are our own.publishedVersio
Will people prefer future travel with battery-powered airplanes?
No full textKnut Veisten, Paal Brevik Wangsness, Eivind Farstad, Inga Margrete Ydersbond, Will people prefer future travel with battery-powered airplanes?, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Volume 126, 2024, 104013, ISSN 1361-9209, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2023.104013.Various small battery-powered airplane models have been developed over the last years and are approaching the stage of being included in commercial flights. However, there are relatively few studies on potential customers’ preference for flying with electric airplanes. Some insights can be drawn from the literature on electric vehicles and other technology adaption, but choices between air travel services differ from choices involving technologically advanced durables. A sample of transport users travelling between the Norwegian cities Bergen and Stavanger were asked about their willingness to choose flying with a future battery-electric airplane instead of a standard kerosene-based one. A majority would consider flying electric, some are also willing to pay a premium, but a substantial share was reluctant and would require a discount. Age was the strongest observable characteristic explaining willingness to pay. Latent technology attitudes also co-varied positively with preference for electric airplanes against conventional airplanes.Will people prefer future travel with battery-powered airplanes?publishedVersio