Institutt for samfunnsforskning - Vitenarkiv
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Sertifisert likestilling: Likelønnsstandarden på Island
No full textIn 2018, Iceland introduced a statutory certification process for companies and institutions with over 25 employees, which, through this process, must prove that they pay men and women the same for the same job. This mechanism moves the burden of proof from employee to employer and forces companies to develop a more transparent system for the way they value different jobs. The purpose of the certification process is to close the relatively small but sustained wage gap between the genders. Based on qualitative in-depth interviews with key government informants, social partners and HR leaders in Iceland, this report takes an initial look at how the Icelandic Equal Pay Standard was established and how it works in practice. The findings show that the Icelandic Equal Pay Standard moves focus from individual explanations of why women earn less than men, to establishing a supportive institutional environment for equal pay between the genders at the corporate level. «Supportive» means public support, but also a transparent environment in which cases of inequality cannot remain unknown or hidden.publishedVersio
En rask eller lang og kronglete vei til topps? Næringslivslederes karriereforløp
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Information bias of social gradients in sickness absence: a comparison of self-report data in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and data in national registries
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All about the Party? Constituency Representation—and Service—in Norway
Get PDFThe article investigates the relationship between Norwegian MPs and their home constituency. The approach is based on the concept of constituency representation, which combines representational focus and constituency service. The data used in the empirical analysis comprise both surveys and in-depth interviews with MPs. It shows that MPs have multiple representative foci. The party is most important, but (party) voters in the constituency are also considered essential. Moreover, MPs actively pursue constituency interests and rate this work very importantly. Indeed, constituency effort represents an essential and time-consuming part of Norwegian parliamentarians’ work. They target local policy-friendly organisations and media, and work for general constituency interest simultaneously—when possible also in cooperation with MPs from other parties. In conclusion, the article discusses contextual factors that may contribute to explain MPs’ constituency representation in Norway.acceptedVersio
Do terrorist Attacks Affect Ethnic Discrimination in the Labour Market? Evidence from Two Randomised Field Experiments
Get PDFTerrorist attacks are known to influence public opinion. But do they also change behaviour? We address this question by comparing the results of two identical randomized field experiments on ethnic discrimination in hiring that we conducted in Oslo. The first experiment was conducted before the 2011 terrorist attacks in Norway; the second experiment was conducted after the attacks. In both experiments, applicants with a typical Pakistani name were significantly less likely to get a job interview compared to those with a typical Norwegian name. But the ethnic gap in call‐back rates were very similar in the two experiments. Thus, Pakistanis in Norway still experienced the same level of discrimination, despite claims that Norwegians have become more positive about migrants after the far‐right, anti‐migrant terrorist attacks of 2011.Do terrorist Attacks Affect Ethnic Discrimination in the Labour Market? Evidence from Two Randomised Field ExperimentsacceptedVersio
Måling av omfang av hatefulle ytringer: Metodiske muligheter og utfordringer
Get PDFFormålet med denne rapporten er å vurdere muligheter og begrensninger ved ulike metodiske tilnærminger til å studere omfanget av hatefulle ytringer. De metodiske vurderingene i rapporten er basert på en vurdering av eksisterende empiriske studier av hatefulle ytringer og tilgrensende fenomener, i tillegg til oppdatert metodelitteratur og en gjennomgang av relevante erfaringer med ulike metodiske tilnærminger. De ulike metodiske tilnærmingene til å studere omfanget av hatefulle ytringer blir vurdert ut fra a) hvor nøyaktige de er til å fange fenomenet vi er interessert i, b) i hvilken grad de gjør det mulig å studere og sammenligne omfanget av hatefulle ytringer rettet mot ulike grupper, på ulike arenaer, c) hvor representative resultater metoden gir, d) muligheter for å innhente annen type informasjon om hatefulle ytringer utover omfang, e) mulighetene for tidsserier og komparasjon og f) hvor kostnadskrevende de ulike metodiske oppleggene er. Vi tar for oss to hovedtilnærminger til å studere omfanget av hatefulle ytringer: surveymetoder og analyser av tekstinnhold, nærmere bestemt kvantitativ manuell innholdsanalyse og automatiserte analyser av stordata (Big Data) ved hjelp av maskinlæringsalgoritmer.publishedVersio
Mediepåvirkning i offentlig sektor : Resultat- og dokumentasjonsrapport
Get PDFRapporten dokumenterer og gjengir hovedfunnene fra spørreundersøkelsene om mediepåvirkning sendt ut til ledere, saksbehandlere og kommunikasjonsansatte i departementene, og i direktorater, ombud og tilsyn høsten 2015 og våren 2016.publishedVersio
Citizenship in the Nordic Countries : past, present, future
Get PDFThe Nordic countries have a century-long tradition for cooperation within the area of citizenship law. Since the mid-1970s, however, the Nordic countries have moved in different directions. Today, the Nordic countries represent the entire continuum in European citizenship policies – from liberal Sweden to restrictive Denmark, with the other Nordic neighbors in between. This report reviews the historical development and the current citizenship regime in the five Nordic countries, it provides statistics on the acquisition and loss of citizenship in each country over the past 10–15 years, and it offers a comparative analysis of the divergent development of citizenship law in the 2000s. The concluding chapter discusses possible consequences of the different citizenship regimes and the prospects for strengthened cooperation between the Nordic countries in the area of citizenship law.publishedVersio