Institutt for samfunnsforskning - Vitenarkiv
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    1021 research outputs found

    Delt bosted: Barns perspektiver og utfyllende kunnskap

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    I Norge, som i mange andre land, er det motstridende oppfatninger av om delt bosted er en god løsning etter samlivsbrudd. I dag bor omtrent ett av fire barn ikke sammen med begge foreldrene til daglig. Denne studien bidrar med forskningsbasert kunnskap om barns bo-ordninger etter foreldrenes samlivsbrudd. Vi har gjennomført tre delstudier: en barnestudie som får fram barn og unges erfaringer med delt bosted, en barnehagestudie hvor vi har undersøkt hvordan barnehagen involveres praktisk og på annen måte når barn har delt bosted, og, på basis av Undersøkelsen om samvær og bosted 2012, en analyse av hva som kjennetegner foreldre som bor forholdsvis nær hverandre og har delt bosted for barna, og av samarbeid og konfliktnivå blant foreldre med ulike bo-ordninger for barna.publishedVersio

    Aktivitetsplikt for unge mottakere av sosialhjelp: Delrapport 1

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    Fra 1. januar 2017 har alle kommuner vært pålagt å innføre aktivitetsplikt til alle brukere av økonomisk sosialhjelp som er under 30 år. Tidligere var det mulig å stille vilkår om aktivitet, men det var opp til den enkelte kommune om den ønsket å gjøre dette. Med den nye loven må alle kommuner ha aktivitetsplikt, men kommunene har betydelig frihet til å bestemme hvordan de organiserer dette. I denne delrapporten evaluerer vi hvordan det er blitt løst i kommunene, basert på casestudier ved seks Nav-kontorer i forskjellige deler av landet. Ved hvert kontor har vi intervjuet både ansatte og brukere. Vi finner stort sprik i hvordan Nav-kontorene arbeider med aktivitetsplikt. Alle kontorene benytter imidlertid én eller flere av tre hovedstrategier: (1) en opptrappet satsing på å snu brukerne i døra ved å gi dem tett oppfølging og få dem inn i arbeidslivet så snart som mulig, enten i ordinært arbeid, med eller uten lønnstilskudd, eller i praksisplasser, (2)jobbsentraler der brukerne har pliktig oppmøte og får opplæring og oppfølging ijobbsøking med videre og (3) kommunale jobbteam der brukerne utfører praktiskeoppgaver sammen med arbeidsledere Overordnet er ansatte positive til aktivitetsplikten da de finner at det gir dem nye verktøy i arbeidet med brukergruppen, og det er stor tiltro til at det å stille vilkår om aktivitet hjelper mange på veien mot selvforsørgelse. Blant brukerne er bildet mer delt. Aktivitet sees jevnt over som et gode, men en del er frustrerte over at aktiviteten er lite konstruktiv eller bærer preg av oppbevaring. Innholdet i aktiviteten varierer mye mellom Nav-kontorene, fra oppmøte et par timer tre dager i uka til fysisk arbeid åtte timer fire dager i uka. Likeledes er det stor variasjon i bruk av sanksjoner; to Nav-kontorer opplever at fylkesmannen gjør det umulig for dem å gjøre trekk i utbetaling, mens andre kontorer gjør dette automatisk ved manglende oppmøte. Generelt ser det ut til at aktivitetsplikten bidrar til bedre oppfølging av brukergruppen, men det er en generell og betydelig mangel at få Nav-kontorer evner å gi meningsfull og velegnet aktivitet til hele bredden av en meget sammensatt brukergruppe.publishedVersio

    A woman’s cause? Popular attitudes towards pension credits for childcare in Norway

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    In many countries – including Norway – concerns about the persistent gender gap in pensions have led to the introduction of child credits that compensate mothers for losing accrued pension rights while they care for small children. In political debates child credits are typically framed as being unequivocally women-friendly. But, although they help to reduce the gender gap in pension income, they tend to discourage mothers’ paid work and favour couples with a gendered division of paid and unpaid work. This article uses survey data to investigate the extent to which the working age population in Norway supports the idea that parents (mothers) of pre-school children with low earnings should be compensated by the pension system. We examine whether the pattern of support is consistently gendered or whether there are internal cleavages among men and women according to socio-economic status and work-family adaptation. We find that, although both genders express positive attitudes, women are on average more inclined to support child credits than men, but with strong internal divisions. While less-educated women in families with a traditional division of labour constitute the most supportive group, highly-educated women in gender-equal families are as sceptical towards child credits as their male peers. Surprisingly, among both genders, we find that younger cohorts are as supportive as older cohorts.A woman’s cause? Popular attitudes towards pension credits for childcare in NorwayacceptedVersio

    Policy windows and converging frames: a longitudinal study of digitalization and media policy change

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    This study analyzes how media industry players have influenced media political solutions to digitalization, using data from the daily press and policy documents in the period from 1998 to 2017 as sources. It concentrates on two specific areas of media policy: public service broadcasting (PSB) and press subsidies. Based on a media policy field approach, this study identifies key collective frames and the players that promote them, and shows how policy windows are created. The study finds that there is strong continuity in terms of the basic frames used to discuss media policy and in the actors involved in creating collective frames, which means that the incumbents maintain their positions. Converging frames that include several industry problems are activated to an increasing degree to initiate and influence media policy actions.Policy windows and converging frames: a longitudinal study of digitalization and media policy chang

    Quality differences of public, for-profit and non-profit providers in Scandinavian welfare? User satisfaction in kindergartens

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    Research on differences between public, for-profit, and nonprofit providers of welfare services have provided mixed findings, depending on welfare state arrangement, regulation, and service area. This paper’s objective is to study the differences between public, nonprofit (cooperatives and other nonprofits), and for-profit welfare providers from the perspective of the users in the tightly regulated Scandinavian context. We ask how the users perceive the providers from different sectors differently, and how this variation can be explained. The study relies on a large-scale survey carried out in 2015 in the city of Oslo, Norway. From the survey, we identify two main results. First, despite limited differences, users of nonprofit kindergartens are generally more satisfied than users of for-profit and public kindergartens. Second, an important explanation for variations in user satisfaction among kindergartens is identified in a pocket of regulatory leniency: the quality of food service. This is the only expense that varies among kindergartens in Norway. These results indicate that more lenient regulations could potentially increase provider distinctiveness. Based on existing literature we discuss why nonprofit providers seem to fare better in the minds of users than public and for-profit providers.publishedVersio

    Augmenting the Human Capital Earnings Equation With Measures of Where People Work

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    We augment standard log earnings equations for workers in US manufacturing with variables reflecting measured and unmeasured attributes of their employer. Using panel employee-establishment data, we find that establishment-level employment, education of coworkers, capital equipment per worker, and firm-level R&D intensity affects earnings substantially. Unobserved characteristics of employers captured by employer fixed effects also contribute to the variance of log earnings, although less than unobserved characteristics of individuals captured by individual fixed effects. The observed and unobserved measures of employers mediate the effects of individual characteristics on earnings and increase earnings inequality through sorting of workers among establishmentsacceptedVersio

    The Making of Immigrant Niches in an Affluent Welfare State

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    This article explores how immigrant niches have emerged within two traditional working-class industries in Norway. Drawing on extensive case studies in urban and coastal areas, we analyze how employers perceive the availability and desirability of native-born and immigrant workers and discuss how these perceptions are related to underlying changes in the structure of employment. The article contributes to the literature by developing a general model of the formation of immigrant niches as well as pointing out the context-specific institutional conditions that explain how and why such niches emerge in the first place.The Making of Immigrant Niches in an Affluent Welfare StatepublishedVersio

    Pensjonsreformen – mellom likhet og effektivitet

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