Institutt for samfunnsforskning - Vitenarkiv
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Dynamics of Claims Making and Gender Wage Gaps in the United States and Norway
Get PDFThis paper compares claims making and gender wage gaps in the United States and Norway, and asks how public sector employment moderates the association between gender segregation and the gender gap in wages in the two countries. Using nationally representative data and hierarchical linear modeling, we analyze gender wage gaps within and between job types. The analyses show that job types heavily concentrated in the public sector, effectively insulated from regular market dynamics, have small if any gender wage gaps. Drawing on relational inequality theory, we argue that this results from the absence of opportunities for individual level claims making.Dynamics of Claims Making and Gender Wage Gaps in the United States and NorwaypublishedVersio
Bringing Managers Back in: Support for Gender-Equality Measures in the Business Sector
Get PDFThe progression of gender balance in top positions at big corporations in Nordic countries has not lived up to the expectations. Inspired by studies emphasizing the crucial role of top management in gaining support for gender-quality measures to make changes happen, we set out to investigate what kind of policies top managers in Norway would prioritize to further gender balance in the executive ranks. We found that active recruitment policies receive the strongest support and quota and preferential-treatment policies the least support. We found clear similarities between men and women in the ranking of measures, although women generally indicated stronger support for most measures. We found no differences related to gender composition of the management group, but some differences across company types (subject to CBQ or not) were revealed. Although corporate-board quotas received the least support, there was no indication that these measures were strongly objected.Bringing Managers Back in: Support for Gender-Equality Measures in the Business SectorpublishedVersio
Participation in Indigenous Democracy: Voter Turnout in Sámi Parliamentary Elections in Norway and Sweden
Get PDFThis article compares and analyzes voter turnout in the 2013 elections to the Sámi parliaments in Norway and Sweden, using data from voter surveys. Is voting in these elections motivated by the same factors that explain turnout in national parliamentary elections? First, the study showed that a common election day for national and Sámi elections is an important reason for the higher turnout in Norway. Second, involvement in Sámi society was the most important factor for explaining turnout in both countries. General political resources and motivation had some explanatory power in Norway, but not in Sweden. This possibly reflects a more far-reaching difference between Sámi politics in Norway and Sweden. In Norway, the Sámi electorate seems to be more politically integrated in the national polity, and the institutional ties between Sámi and national politics are stronger. This may be explained in part by the historical legacy of each state’s policy.publishedVersio
Norway: Agreement on occupational pension reform in the public sector. ESPN Flash Report 2018/45
Get PDFIn March 2018, the Government and the public sector unions reached an agreement to adapt the public sector occupational pension schemes to the main principles of the 2011 National Insurance pension reform. With this agreement, the Norwegian pension reform has become fully effective also for the third of the workforce employed in the public sector.Norway: Agreement on occupational pension reform in the public sector. ESPN Flash Report 2018/45publishedVersio
Cultural Stereotypes and Professional Self-Socialisation in the Transition from Education to Work
Get PDFA key insight from studies of gender segregation is that the allocation of different groups to different positions in the labour market is strongly related to ascribed status. Shared gendered cultural beliefs generally portray men as more competent and of a higher status than women, and position some workers as more suited than others to perform different types of work and tasks. Yet, although much work has been done on status and gender segregation, this research tends to overlook the intersections of gender, race, and ethnicity. This study contributes to the literature by examining how skills and competence are valued in traditionally gender- segregated professions that have seen an increased influx of immigrants and ethnic minorities. Drawing on 66 qualitative interviews with Norwegian students, the study analyses, first, how gender, racial, and ethnic stereotyping of tasks and competencies affect the students’ aspirations in transition from education to work, and second, how the intersection between race, ethnicity, and gender plays out quite differently in different professions. Theoretically, I develop the concept of ‘professional self-socialisation’, which points to the process whereby individuals adapt and redefine their aspirations to the gendered, ethnic, and racial hierarchy of suitability within their profession.Cultural Stereotypes and Professional Self-Socialisation in the Transition from Education to WorkpublishedVersio
Is ethnic diversity bad for any dimension of social capital? Trust, networks, and voluntarism in Norwegian communities
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Does education affect immigration attitudes? Evidence from an education reform
Get PDFEmpirical research consistently finds that people with high education have more
liberal immigration attitudes. To what extent this relationship reflects a causal
effect of education is, however, largely unknown. We rely on the staggered
introduction of a major Norwegian education reform to get exogenous variation
in respondents’ level of education. The reform lifted the bottom of the education
distribution by increasing the compulsory years of education by two years. We
find no significant differences in immigration attitudes between those who were
educated in the old and the new education system. Our results suggest that if
education has a causal effect on immigration attitudes, it is likely to operate on
other education margins.acceptedVersio
