Institutt for samfunnsforskning - Vitenarkiv
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Are Gender Gaps in Education Leaving Less Educated Men Behind in the Labor Market?
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Emergency management through enduring collaborative networks: Lessons on phases and levels
Get PDFThis article explores the conditions that underpin networks as enduring collaborative relationships. To identify key features that sustain long-term collaboration, we use the Norwegian system of emergency management as our empirical case. Norway is characterized by the important role played by volunteers and voluntary organizations as partners to the police in search and rescue operations. In particular, the article focuses on two possible explanations for the endurability of these networks: the broad involvement of volunteers in the different phases and the role of intermediaries. The article concludes that intermediaries can compensate for a lack of broad involvement, which may be particularly relevant for emergency management where many different resources have to be mobilized in a short time span and in a fashion that enables fluid interaction. This finding is a reminder that both phases and levels need to be explored in empirical studies of collaborations.Emergency management through enduring collaborative networks: Lessons on phases and levelspublishedVersio
What determines citizens’ attitudes to municipal mergers?
Get PDFTo what extent can citizens’ attitudes to municipal mergers be explained by costs and benefits incurred by merging with a specific consortium of neighbouring units? To answer this question, we analyse data taken from a survey to citizens of 119 Norwegian local governments in the fall of 2019, merely a few months before the merger of their own unit with one or more neighbouring units was to be implemented as the result of a national local government reform decided over two years in advance. In line with previous studies, we find that citizens tend to prefer merging with wealthier neighbours rather than poorer ones. Moreover, we find that this preference is only observable among respondents in smaller units merging with one or more larger units. Furthermore, differentials in private wealth among the merging units appear to affect preferences more than public wealth. However, we did not find support for the theoretical assumption that citizens prefer mergers with units that are similar in terms of political and societal characteristics. Overall, our study suggests that concerns over local redistributive losses may impede support for mergers and, hence, increase the political costs of implementing comprehensive structural reformsWhat determines citizens’ attitudes to municipal mergers?acceptedVersio
Økonomiske barrierer for barn og unges deltakelse i kulturfrivilligheten
Get PDFDet mangler kunnskap om i hvilken grad økonomi er en barriere for barn og unges deltakelse i kulturfrivilligheten og hvordan kulturfrivilligheten nyttiggjør seg av lokale og nasjonale ordninger for å bygge ned økonomiske barrierer. Denne kartleggingen gir derfor ny kunnskap om kostnader, foreldrebetaling og kostnadsdrivere i kulturaktivitetene og mulige tiltak for å redusere økonomiske barrierer i kulturfrivilligheten.
I denne rapporten undersøker vi følgende problemstillinger:
1. Hva koster det å delta i organisert kulturfrivillighet for barn og unge i grunnskolealder?
2. Hva er kostnadsdriverne?
3. Hvordan påvirker kostnader deltakelsen i kulturfrivilligheten?
4. Er økonomi en særlig barriere for deltakelse, og hvilke kostnader er særlig utfordrende?
5. Benytter kulturfrivilligheten seg av etablerte tilskuddsordninger for å senke kostnadsnivået for aktiviteten?
6. Hvilke tiltak kan bidra til å senke økonomiske barrierer for deltakelse i kulturfrivilligheten?
7. Hvordan varierer kostnader, økonomiske barrierer og tiltak etter faktorer på kommunenivå?
Vi belyser kostnadsbildet i det laveste alderssegmentet, når barna rekrutteres inn i kulturaktiviteter, og hvordan det endrer seg i løpet av ungdomstiden for ulike aldersgrupper mellom 5 og 19 år
Does the media seem more hostile to losers? Media bias perceptions among politicians in the wake of Norwegian municipal mergers
Get PDFThis article examines how politicians’ perceptions of media coverage are influenced by their emergence as winners or losers of political battles. Based on a survey of 3,378 Norwegian councillors regarding municipal mergers, we found that although all councillors tended to perceive their opponents’ perspectives on the merger as dominating the public debate, this tendency was significantly stronger among those who had lost council votes regarding mergers. In contrast, the winners saw the debate as more inclusive and comprehensive. We discuss whether these tendencies are expressions of attribution biases that allow politicians to maintain their original beliefs.Does the media seem more hostile to losers? Media bias perceptions among politicians in the wake of Norwegian municipal mergersacceptedVersio
Adolescent Health Inequality Across Immigrant Generations
Get PDFPurpose: Evidence on whether the immigrant health paradox (i.e., immigrants having better health than natives of nonmigrant background) extends to children and youth is mixed and often based on self-reported survey data. In this study, we use population-wide administrative microdata from Norwegian demographic and health registries to investigate health inequalities between adolescents with foreign-born and native-born parents, paying specific attention to variation across immigrant generations, origin countries, and types of diagnoses.
Methods: In this registry-based study, we estimate differences in the likelihood of somatic and mental disorders using logistic regression and population-wide health records for adolescents aged 16e20 years (N ¼ 616,835).
Results: Child immigrants and native-born children of immigrants have fewer consultations for somatic and psychiatric diagnoses in adolescence compared to natives, while native-born children with mixed parental background have health outcomes more similar to natives. The differences are most pronounced for mental disorders. Differences across immigrant generations persist when stratifying by country of origin and when looking at specific diagnoses.
Discussion: The findings support the existence of an immigrant health advantage, which we find across various psychiatric and somatic diagnoses and for most immigrant generations. A key task for future research is to explore specific mechanisms underlying these patterns and to address potential inequities in the quality of health care provided to immigrant-background youth.publishedVersio
Entreprenørskap blant innvandrere – veien til suksess?
Get PDFI artikkelen studerer jeg entreprenørskap blant innvandrere og sammenhengen med økonomisk arbeidsmarkedssuksess. Entreprenørskap kan være en måte for innvandrere fra lavinntektsland å overkomme ulike hindre i arbeidsmarkedet på. Jeg finner at entreprenørandelene er lavere blant alle grupper av innvandrere enn blant norskfødte, men at innvandrere fra lavinntektsland tjener mer som entreprenør enn som ansatt, relativt til forskjellen mellom norskfødte entreprenører og ansatte. Entreprenører er videre overrepresenterte blant innvandrerne med høyest inntekt. Oppsummert kan funnene tyde på at entreprenørskap er mer lønnsomt for innvandrere fra lavinntektsland enn for norskfødte, og særlig for nyankomne innvandrere.Entreprenørskap blant innvandrere – veien til suksess?publishedVersio
‘To be a Player, not a Piece’: LMX-Relationships in Late-career Employment
Get PDFThis study employs qualitative interviews with employees (50+) and managers from Norwegian private companies to investigate how retirement age norms affect leader–member exchange (LMX) relationships in the late stages of employment.This research reveals that organizational practices incentivizing early retirement establish retirement age norms and create pressures that significantly impact the LMX dynamic. Employees perceive managers as key in alleviating these pressures. However, the ability of managers to shield employees from retirement pressures varies, as managers face several competing challenges, such as providing opportunities and development for younger employees. While high-quality LMX relationships are crucial in reducing retirement pressures for older employees, differing managerial practices lead to varied support levels within the same organization, putting older employees in precarious positions. The article advocates for policy reforms that limit organizational early retirement practices and promote extended working lives, ensuring a more supportive employment environment for aging workers in private organizations.‘To be a Player, not a Piece’: LMX-Relationships in Late-career EmploymentpublishedVersio
Ulikheten i valgdeltakelse øker
No full textVerken nivået eller den generelle utviklingen i valgdeltakelsen gir grunn til BEKYMRING. Det gjør derimot ulikhet i deltakelsen.Ulikheten i valgdeltakelse økerpublishedVersio
Ulik lønn for likt arbeid? Lønnsforskjeller mellom kvinner og menn, 2015–2022
Get PDFHva er lønnsforskjellene mellom kvinner og menn i det norske arbeidsmarkedet, både generelt og mellom kvinner og menn som gjør samme arbeid? I denne rapporten studerer vi kjønnsforskjeller i timelønn og gir mulige forklaringer på hvorfor kvinner i gjennomsnitt tjener mindre enn menn. Vi ser også på hvordan man kan beregne lønnsforskjeller mellom kvinner og menn som utfører det vi kan kalle arbeid av lik verdi, på tvers av yrker, arbeidsgivere, næringer, sektorer og fagfelt.publishedVersio