19684 research outputs found
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Evaluation of Machine Learning Algorithm and SMOTE for Insider Threat Detection
No full textInsider threats represent a significant risk to organizational security, characterized by their covert nature and the complexity of detecting malicious activities within legitimate user behavior. Traditional detection systems often struggle with imbalanced datasets, where the prevalence of insider threats is minimal compared to normal behavior, leading to a high rate of false positives and undetected threats. This research evaluates the effectiveness of various machine learning (ML) algorithms in identifying insider threats, with a particular focus on the implementation of Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) to address the challenge of data imbalance. By combining SMOTE with advanced ML techniques, this study aims to enhance the accuracy and robustness of insider threat detection systems. The algorithm with the best result is Random Forest which achieved 100% accuracy, recall which is 93% and F-score of 96%. The results of this study will inform the design of more resilient security measures, better equipped to detect and respond to insider threats in a wide range of organizational contexts
A product envelope spectrum generated from spectral correlation/coherence for railway axle box bearing fault diagnosis
No full textThe (pseudo-) cyclostationarity-based spectral analysis tools can be generated by arithmetic averaging or weighted averaging of spectral correlation/coherence for rotating machinery fault diagnosis. However, conventional arithmetic or weighted averaging can hardly adequately eliminate broadband interfering noise under harsh operating conditions, thus compromising fault diagnosis capability. To address this problem, motivated by the properties of the convolution theorem, a new cyclic spectral analysis tool called (pseudo-) cyclostationarity-based product envelope spectrum is developed via the product of multiple spectral frequency components of spectral correlation/coherence (each spectral frequency component can be regarded as a special envelope spectrum containing certain useful information). A generalized construction framework is established and a specific construction methodology is proposed, which incorporates a novel estimation and discrimination approach of frequency domain fault information distribution. The frequency domain product enables the proposed method to both adaptively extract fault features distributed in multiple frequency bands and effectively eliminate interference from in-band and noise-dominated frequency bands. The performance of the developed approach is verified using simulation signals, experimental signals of different railway axle-box bearing faults and a field test signal of rolling element fault of railway locomotive axle-box bearing and finally by comparison with state-of-the-art methods. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has the capability to reduce acyclic-stationary noise and enhance (pseudo-) cyclostationary components, and thus is capable of effectively diagnosing different faults of railway axle-box bearings.</p
Influence of the grain chemical composition on the fused silica polishing at atomic scale using molecular dynamic simulations
No full textThe optical glass materials are employed in various industries due to its desirable optical properties. These materials nevertheless require an ultra-smooth surface (Ra <1 nm average roughness) for correctly working. The understanding of the polishing process is essential to get the ultra-smooth surface. The polishing process begins at atomic scale, hindering its study in real time using experimental testing. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation is powerful tool to assess this process at atom scale in real time. Although the influence of various polishing conditions on polished surface features has been evaluated in the literature, the grain chemical composition influence has not been studied yet. In the present paper, this condition influence on optical glass material polishing at atom scale was assessed using MD simulation. Fused silica was employed as optical glass test pieces, and the abrasive grains used were α-quartz, diamond and α-alumina. Force on the grain was from 0.5 pN to 16.0 pN and cut velocity was 20 m/s. Tersoff potential function method was used to represent the covalent bonds of the materials. The results showed simulations at ≥ 2.0 pN were unstable during polishing due to the mechanical failure. Grain sliding also produced a new microstructure in the glass via the dislocation and deformation of the chemical bonds. The material removal rate (MRR) furthermore was directly proportional to the grain force and the hardness of the grain. The increment in the grain force increased the friction force. Grain chemical composition moreover influenced on the polishing phenomena.</p
Book Review:Times A-Changin', Flexible Meter as Self-Expression in Singer-Songwriter Music. Nancy Murphy
No full textImpact of Perpetrator and Victim Gender on Perceptions of Stalking Severity
No full textMany individuals will dismiss the seriousness of ex-partner stalking offences, often as a result of inaccurate and problematic beliefs about the offence (stalking myths). However, to date, stalking myth acceptance measurements have only considered attitudes about stereotypical stalking (male stalking a female). The current research considered whether inaccurate and problematic perceptions of stalking were dependent on the gender and sexuality of the perpetrator, victim, and participant. Additionally, it examined whether existing stalking myth acceptance scales measuring stereotypical stalking attitudes would predict perceptions of stalking incidents that involved female stalkers and/or male victims. Participants (N = 336) completed the stalking myth acceptance scale and then responded to a series of questions measuring their perceptions towards a stalking vignette. An independent groups design was used to manipulate the gender of the stalker and victim. The need for police intervention was greatest for incidents involving a male stalker and a female victim. Female victims of male stalking were predicted as being the most fearful, whilst male victims of female stalking were rated as least likely to be fearful. Heterosexual males and participants with minority sexual orientations were also more likely to identify the perpetrator’s actions as stalking. Finally, the SMA scales predicted participants’ attitudes for stereotypical stalking cases but not for the other scenarios. The findings demonstrate that gender plays a significant role in stalking perceptions and highlights the need for more inclusive SMA measurements to consider problematic attitudes towards non-stereotypical stalking
Flatpack Film Festival 2025:We Made Telephones
No full textScreening of WE MADE TELEPHONES in international competition programme 'The World to Come' at the 2025 edition edition of the Flatpack Film Festival
Objects of Atrocity:Material Culture and the Challenges of Difficult Histories
No full textThe vast majority of people throughout history have left few traces, if any, in written form. How do we return humanity to the people who didn’t—or couldn’t—leave written records? Specifically, how do we do this for those who were brutally forced from their homes, stripped of their possessions, and swiftly imprisoned, enslaved, or murdered? This volume examines the role of materiality and things in the study of difficult histories, demonstrating how new knowledge can be provided about the archivally forsaken and the ways in which suppressed or forgotten narratives can be forefronted via conservation, curation, community outreach, digital technologies, and art. The volume uniquely brings together anthropologists, archaeologists, artists, historians, conservation scientists, and philosophers to grapple with methodological and ethical difficulties relating to the collection, conservation, storage, and display of the objects. Through case studies spanning the Holocaust; genocides in Cambodia, Rwanda, former Yugoslavia, Iraq and Kurdistan; the incarceration of Japanese Americans; and a diverse range of crimes committed against Native Americans, African Americans, Roma and Sinti people, the authors show the potential of using material culture to unravel and present difficult histories
Transforming social housing through decarbonisation:The challenges and opportunities in decarbonising at scale
No full textThe English social housing sector is central to the UK’s wider ambition of reaching net zero carbon emissions by 2050, with residential heating contributing a significant portion of national greenhouse gas emissions. Social landlords are making substantial investments in decarbonisation and retrofit initiatives, supported by government funding such as the Warm Homes: Social Housing Fund. These measures include insulation upgrades, solar panels, and low-carbon heating systems.These efforts are taking place against a backdrop of economic and regulatory pressures, including inflation, interest rate increases, and new requirements to improve tenant safety and service standards. Social landlords vary in their ability to implement decarbonisation at scale, and tenant engagement has become a key challenge, with high levels of refusals for retrofit works.This policy and practice brief explores the financial and strategic context of decarbonisation in social housing, identifying the challenges and opportunities faced by landlords and the strategies they are adopting in response. Drawing on three research projects, the brief highlights the importance of ensuring retrofit works are fair, inclusive, and deliver tangible benefits for residents
Economic and developmental impacts of FDA designations:a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textIntroduction: U.S. FDA designations: Breakthrough Therapy (BTD), Fast Track (FTD), Orphan Drug (ODD), and Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy (RMAT) aim to expedite drug development, yet their combined economic and developmental effects have not been extensively studied. This systematic review evaluates their impacts on Day 1 cumulative average abnormal returns (CAAR) and timelines from Investigational New Drug submission to approval. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, GreyNet, OpenGrey, ProQuest, and Cochrane Library was conducted for articles published between January 1997 and September 2024. A random-effects model generated pooled estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane-Q and I2 statistic. Study quality was evaluated using Drummond’s checklist and an adapted Barker checklist. Results: Twenty-five studies were included. The pooled Day 1 CAAR across designations was 6.12% (95% CI: 3.64–8.61). Subgroup analysis revealed FTD with the strongest immediate market impact (8.20%%, 95% CI: 4.38–12.03) and BTD with the shortest mean approval timeline (69.96 months, 95% CI: 60.25–79.67). Conclusions: FDA designations provide economic advantages, especially for smaller companies, and can expedite approvals for high-priority therapies. Notable heterogeneity, particularly with RMAT, warrants further research to clarify how disease area and company size shape real-world outcomes. Registration: ResearchRegistry ID11080.</p
Contemporary Textiles:Melt
No full text"CONTEMPORARY TEXTILES" will be a show promoting textile artists and art enthusiasts who explore the versatile form of textile art through sculpture, installation, video, object, and performance, among other mediums. Submitted artworks will have to be based on the textile element through its concept, technique, and material used.Claire Barber will be exhibiting 'Melt
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