19684 research outputs found
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Comparative Performance Evaluation of YOLOv5, YOLOv8, and YOLOv11 for Solar Panel Defect Detection
No full textThe reliable operation of photovoltaic (PV) systems is essential for sustainable energy production, yet their efficiency is often compromised by defects such as bird droppings, cracks, and dust accumulation. Automated defect detection is critical for addressing these challenges in large-scale solar farms, where manual inspections are impractical. This study evaluates three YOLO object detection models—YOLOv5, YOLOv8, and YOLOv11—on a comprehensive dataset to identify solar panel defects. YOLOv5 achieved the fastest inference time (7.1 ms per image) and high precision (94.1%) for cracked panels. YOLOv8 excelled in recall for rare defects, such as bird drops (79.2%), while YOLOv11 delivered the highest [email protected] (93.4%), demonstrating a balanced performance across the defect categories. Despite the strong performance for common defects like dusty panels ([email protected] > 98%), bird drop detection posed challenges due to dataset imbalances. These results highlight the trade-offs between accuracy and computational efficiency, providing actionable insights for deploying automated defect detection systems to enhance PV system reliability and scalability.</p
Rewriting Consistent Answers On Annotated Data
No full textWe embark on a study of the consistent answers of queries over databases annotated with values from a naturally ordered positive semiring. In this setting, the consistent answers of a query are defined as the minimum of the semiring values that the query takes over all repairs of an inconsistent database. The main focus is on self-join free conjunctive queries and key constraints, which is the most extensively studied case of consistent query answering over standard databases. We introduce a variant of first-order logic with a limited form of negation, define suitable semiring semantics, and then establish the main result of the paper: the consistent query answers of a self-join free conjunctive query under key constraints are rewritable in this logic if and only if the attack graph of the query contains no cycles. This result generalizes an analogous result of Koutris and Wijsen for ordinary databases, but also yields new results for a multitude of semirings, including the bag semiring, the tropical semiring, and the fuzzy semiring. Further, for the bag semiring, we show that computing the consistent answers of any self-join free conjunctive query whose attack graph has a strong cycle is not only NP-hard but also it is NP-hard to even approximate the consistent answers with a constant relative approximation guarantee
Immersive Experience of Sai Kwan Mansion:A Study of Cultural Heritage Imaging Based on VR Technology
No full textSince the 2010s, virtual reality (VR) has become a vital tool for various fields, including film, television and video game, giving rise to VR imaging. With its immersive and interactive nature, VR imaging offers a unique viewing experience and has been widely adopted for cultural heritage preservation. In China, VR is increasingly used to showcase cultural heritage, providing new avenues for digital preservation and dissemination. Sai Kwan Mansion in Guangzhou exemplifies traditional Chinese residential architecture, embodying historical and cultural significance. However, rapid economic development has led to its decline, with only 100 mansions remaining, of which just ten retain preservation value. This project focuses on Sai Kwan Mansion, analyzing its history, architectural features, and conservation status through VR imaging. Using interdisciplinary methods from VR, cultural heritage, and game design, the study explores VR’s role in intangible cultural heritage preservation. It employs 360° stereoscopic VR technology and InstaVR for interactivity, allowing users to engage as “Miss Sai Kwan” and explore the mansion through guided icons and audio narratives. By leveraging VR, the project aims to document and share Sai Kwan Mansion’s cultural legacy, fostering public awareness and appreciation, particularly among younger generations. It advocates for VR’s potential in cultural heritage conservation and promotes global dissemination of Chinese architectural heritage.</p
An XAI-driven diagnostic framework to investigate the predictive power of building features to enhance EPC ratings in detached houses
No full textEnergy performance in detached homes is critical for reducing carbon emissions in United Kingdom. However, understanding the complex factors that affect Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) ratings remains limited. Detached homes face unique challenges due to their larger floor areas and greater environmental exposure. Despite the significance of EPCs in driving energy efficiency, the diagnostic analysis of feature interactions at the class level (A–G) is underexplored, especially in detached homes. This study addresses this gap by employing predictive explainability to provide a detailed, rating class-wise diagnostic analysis of the predictive power of structural and operational features for detached homes. We investigate key factors such as CO2 emissions per floor area, heating costs, window, floor, walls efficiency, and construction age, and explore how these features interact to drive EPC ratings. Our findings show that CO2 emissions and heating costs are the primary drivers of EPC classification, but their impact varies across EPC bands. Detached homes in lower EPC categories (E–G) exhibit heightened sensitivity to high emissions and inefficient heating, while properties in EPC A and B benefit from improved insulation and efficient systems. This study introduces an innovative diagnostic framework that not only identifies key predictive features for each EPC class but also uncovers the synergistic effects of feature combinations. The results provide actionable insights for retrofit strategies and policy interventions, particularly for detached homes, offering a roadmap for improving energy efficiency and advancing sustainable energy practices.</p
Life-time experience of violence among women and girls living with disability in Nepal
No full textBackground: Violence against women and girls with disabilities remains a serious, yet underexplored, global concern. This paper aims to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with life-time experience of violence within this vulnerable population in Nepal.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 28 municipalities representing all seven provinces as well as all three ecological regions of Nepal. A total of 1,294 women and girls with disability aged 15-59 years participated in this study. Data were collected in the period August to October 2021. This was done by trained enumerators using the KoBo application on smartphones or tablets. Both written and oral informed consent was sought from all participants. Each participant was assured of utmost confidentiality and privacy. Cross-tabulations were performed in STATA 18 to determine the distribution of the prevalence of violence. Also, bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to establish association between the participants' characteristics and odds of experiencing violence.Results: Overall, 457 (35.32%) women living with disabilities had ever experienced violence at a point in their lifetime. Psychological/emotional violence was the most prevalent violence (74.40%) followed by physical violence (31.07%) and denial of services (28.67%). Age was positively associated with the likelihood of experiencing violence. Women belonging to the Brahman/Chhetri ethnic group had reduced odds of violence [AOR = 0.56; 95%CI: 0.37-0.85] compared to Hill Dalits. Divorced or separated women showed a markedly higher likelihood of experiencing violence [AOR = 6.69; 95%CI: 2.31-19.40] compared to currently married women. Participants who had not witnessed violence against other women exhibited significantly higher odds of experiencing violence [AOR = 1.86; 95%CI: 1.20-2.89]. Women living in the Koshi province [AOR = 4.04; 95%CI: 2.54-6.42], Madhesh province [AOR = 2.16; 95%CI: 1.15-4.08] and Bagmati province [AOR = 2.21; 95%CI: 1.41-3.46] reported significantly higher odds of experiencing violence compared to those in Karnali.Conclusion: The study concludes that age, ethnicity, marital status, and provincial residence are significant predictors of violence among women living with disability in Nepal. Interventions aimed at addressing violence against women living with disability in Nepal must prioritize older women and those who were previously married. Also, priority must be given to Koshi, Madhesh and Bagmati provinces where the prevalence and risk of experiencing violence is highest.</p
A health economic analysis of ‘A novel implementation of best evidence practice for incontinence-associated dermatitis’ (IMBED)
No full textAim: To assess resource usage and other outcomes of implementing a bundle of evidence-based, clinician-led incontinence-associated dermatitis interventions, ‘IMBED’ intervention. Methods: Patients with incontinence recruited from 6 public hospitals in Australia in pre-intervention (1 February-31 March 2020) and post-intervention periods (1 May-30 June 2021). For the health economic study, nurses/research officers recorded resource usage for a random sample of incontinence care episodes each week. Results: 799 patients with incontinence (9645 incontinence care episodes). There were significant differences in the proportion of incontinence care episodes using specific product-types between the pre- and post-intervention groups, with the greatest increase for treatment/prevention products (55.2 % versus 82.8 %; p < 0.001) and decrease for underpads/bed pads (28.5 % versus 12.9 %; p < 0.001). There was a significant decrease in mean total product cost per incontinence care episode between these groups (AU2.35; p < 0.001). There was a significant increase in mean staff cost per incontinence care episode between these groups (AU10.09; p = 0.001), driven by increases in the mean number of staff and time spent per episode. There was an increase in mean total cost per incontinence care episode (AU$0.15) between these groups but not significant (p = 0.344). Conclusion: There was a significant decrease in mean total product cost per incontinence care episode in the intervention group. There was no significant change in mean total incontinence care cost per episode associated with the intervention, suggesting hospitals adopted IMBED with minimal extra expenses. There was streamlined resource usage and reductions in products not supported by evidence-based guidelines.</p
Evaluation of complex multi-physics phenomena at gas diffusion electrodes during high-pressure water electrolysis with AEMs
No full textThe alkaline water electrolysis is a well-established process for producing green hydrogen from renewable energy sources. With up-to-dateAEM electrolyzers, electrochemical gas compression can be realized with water electrolysis and ion pumping membranes, to avoid costly mechanical compression. In this experimental study, we researched an electrolyzer cell with a strong metal structure, for internal pressure difference of up to 100 bar. Micro-porous gas diffusion electrodes containing non-precious nickel catalysts as well as different separators, alkaline membranes and AEMs have been investigated in the range of 300 to 800 mA cm− 2. For one preferred AEM, characteristics are shown for hydrogen pressures between 20 and 80 bars, while the anode remains at ambient 1 bar. Impedance spectroscopy diagrams are used to display the individual cell components: the ohmic resistance of the AEM and the complex impedances of both electrodes. Therewith, we could visualize the complex multi-physics phenomena and show that the oxygen electrode works as a Wartburg-element, especially due to higher diffusion rates and therewith entropy production during bubble formation
Conditional Effects in Numeric Planning Reloaded
No full textAutomated planning, a core area of artificial intelligence, aims to generate action sequences that achieve specified goals based on a formal model. In classical planning, where only Boolean state variables are allowed, conditional effects are the standard approach for modelling actions with state-dependent outcomes. However, unlike in the classical setting, relatively little research has focused on developing planning methods for numeric problems with conditional effects. To address this gap in the literature, this work studies numeric planning with conditional effects. We formalise its semantics and revise existing classical planning compilations for conditional effects to account for the specific features of numeric planning. This results in three encodings: two are designed for the full class of numeric planning problems, while the third is specific to tasks with conditional effects that increase or decrease variables by a constant, transforming such problems into instances of Simple Numeric Planning, a well-known and practically significant subclass of numeric tasks. The experimental evaluation compares these compilations across both newly designed and compelling benchmarks as well as existing domains featuring conditional effects. Our empirical findings reveal complementary behaviour among the approaches, highlighting the practical impact of selecting the appropriate compilation for different problem structures
A Synthesis of the Christian Foundation and Spiritual Dimension of Servant Leadership
No full textThe study of leadership has proliferated with connections to ethics, diversity, management, spirituality, and religion. This serves as an indication of its timeless relevance in understanding human interactions. Undoubtedly, it is not only a phenomenon driven by theory but also one with multiple practical implications. This is because humans lead or are led by others. However, the generic idea that leadership is primarily about the individual leading others has seemingly cast a shadow on the role of followers, who perhaps shape the leaders’ leadership style. This entry, therefore, presents an antithesis to the hierarchical and domineering notions of leadership by highlighting the relevance of servant leadership, an explosive leadership philosophy of leaders serving servants and servants leading leaders. It emphasizes prioritizing the followers’ interests without subordinating the leaders’ role. Servant leadership is presented from a Christian philosophical perspective targeted at advancing workplace spirituality. There are examples of the words and actions of Jesus, an exemplary spiritual leader, to showcase the diversity, equality, and inclusion notions he enshrined. In essence, the spiritual dimension is not limited to only the religious community but stands as a veritable approach applicable to contemporary businesses with diverse organizational members
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