19684 research outputs found
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Coping with the toll of child sexual abuse investigations
No full textIntroduction: The policing of child sexual abuse (CSA) can have adverse psychological consequences on police personnel. Though some emerging research has shown a negative impact on quality of life, less is known about the coping strategies used by such professionals when working on CSA cases. Methods: The present study surveyed 68 police personnel involved in the investigation and/safeguarding of CSA about their occupational wellbeing (Compassion Satisfaction, Burnout, Secondary Traumatic Stress, and Depression) and coping strategies to work-related stress.Results: Findings demonstrated that the majority of respondents reported low to moderate levels of negative occupational wellbeing, however, a considerable minority, specifically those using venting, self-blame and behavioural disengagement as coping strategies, reported severe negative mental wellbeing.Discussion: The findings highlight the need for policing organisations to support personnel in identifying and using healthy coping approaches that do not exacerbate the effects workplace stress. The authors identify the need for future research to identify specific problem-focussed approaches that are effective in mitigating the effects of workplace stress on mental wellbeing
Dimple Shape Design to Enhance Heat Transfer in Plate Heat Exchangers
No full textThis article studies four dimple shapes: spherical, smoothed-spherical, normal distribution, and error distribution and how they enhance heat transfer on a plate within a plate heat exchanger using computational fluid dynamics. The dimple that showed the greatest efficiency of heat transfer was the normal distribution dimple, giving a temperature increase of 7.5 times of the smoothed-spherical and 15% more than the error distribution dimple shape. This was primarily due to the large increase in the turbulent kinetic energy caused by the eddies created upon the flow over the normal distribution shape. With the normal distribution shape being found to be the most effective in enhancing heat transfer, a layout of multiple normal distribution dimples based on the stage of flow development was also studied. It was found that a fully developed flow resulted in 9.5% more efficiency than half developed flow and 31% more efficient than placing dimples directly next to each other
Hardship, coping, and joy:ACPs’ experiences of working through the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textPurposeThis paper reports Advanced Clinical Practitioners’ (ACPs) experiences of working in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically the factors that impacted their mental, emotional, and physical wellbeing.MethodsThe study presents qualitative data collected via two surveys in 2020 and 2021. Several survey questions elicited free-text responses, including a specific request for narratives. Narrative responses were thematically analysed and cross-referenced with non-narrative qualitative responses.ResultsThree factors contributed to poor wellbeing: a changing work environment and expectations; bearing witness to the impact of Covid on patients; and the risk of catching and spreading Covid. Three factors improved wellbeing, whether through mitigating these challenges or directly, in the absence of specific hardship. These factors were new working practices; support structures; and individual resilience and self-managed coping strategies.ConclusionThis study expands research on professionals’ experiences of working through Covid to the under-researched experience of ACPs and demonstrates the intersecting and overlapping nature of factors contributing to poor and positive wellbeing. There are significant implications for stakeholders who need to consider the impact of future pandemics and opportunities for supporting and promoting wellbeing post-pandemic. The analysis also highlights the rich narrative data that can be collected using surveys
The Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on Depression and Anxiety:Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
No full textExercise can reduce physiological and psychological symptoms associated with depression and anxiety. However, it is unknown which mode of exercise, if any, is more beneficial. To determine whether aerobic, resistance, or aerobic and resistance exercise improves depressive and/or anxiety symptoms in individuals diagnosed with depression or anxiety. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Five electronic databases were searched, until February 24, 2024. Studies were included for analysis based on satisfying quality appraisal standards and the established inclusion criteria associated with aerobic or resistance exercise in adults with a diagnosis of depression or anxiety. Random effects meta-analysis was performed where possible. Thirty-two randomised controlled trial studies (n = 3243 participants) met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review, and 26 studies (n = 2681 participants) were included in the meta-analyses. For the 25 studies assessing the effect of exercise on depressive symptoms, the pooled standardised mean difference (SMD) favoured exercise as a beneficial treatment of depression (-0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.28 to -0.66), with a large magnitude of effect. For the 11 studies reporting the effect of exercise on anxiety symptoms, the pooled SMD results revealed that exercise had a significant, moderate magnitude of effect favouring exercise treatment (-0.66, 95% CI -1.09 to -0.23). No studies excessively influenced the outcomes of depression and anxiety. Aerobic, resistance, or a mixture of aerobic and resistance exercise is beneficial for improving symptoms of depression and anxiety. Protocol Registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019119341 (date of registration: 5/2/2019).</p
Cyber Security for Hoax News Detection with Similarity Algorithm
No full textHoax news is false information disseminated to deceive or mislead audiences, often with the aim of swaying opinions or creating confusion. The rise of social media has amplified the spread of hoax news, particularly in sensitive areas such as politics and health. In response to this growing issue, this paper proposes a Natural Language Processing (NLP) approach of detecting hoax news using the Smith-Waterman similarity algorithm. By comparing news content with a curated dataset of verified hoaxes, the system calculates a similarity score to assess the likelihood of the news being false. The results of this study show that news articles analyzed using the Smith-Waterman algorithm achieve a high accuracy, with a similarity score exceeding 93% for news inputs over 100 words. Furthermore, the proposed system demonstrates an efficient processing time, completing the analysis in approximately 6.57 seconds. These findings underscore the algorithm’s potential for real-time application in detecting fake news on social media and other digital platforms. This research aims not only to enhance the technical capabilities of hoax detection systems but also to foster greater media literacy and a more informed public
New mobility trials and travel behaviour change for the context of a UK University campus:Insights from the “Choose Your Way Warwick” mobility hub ecosystem
No full textThe “Choose your Way Warwick” was a travel behaviour change Living Lab exercise funded by the UK's Department for Transport as part of the West Midlands Future Transport Zone programme. The aim of the trial, located in the University of Warwick campus, was to introduce and test new mobility services and interventions and investigate the extent to which these initiatives – collectively forming a mobility hub ecosystem − can encourage a shift from private car use to sustainable transport modes. During the trial, several new services and technologies were introduced, including e-scooters, demand responsive transport, cycle hire, and a smartphone application that was used for nudge messaging and rewards for sustainable travel. This paper presents the results from our qualitative interviews with staff and students at the University of Warwick. The interviews explored participants’ adoption and perceptions of the new mobility services as well as their current travel choices (inside and beyond the campus) and barriers to sustainable transport modes. The interviews, analysed using a data-driven thematic analysis, highlight six distinctive and diverse themes related to factors affecting the potential for travel behaviour change, namely: a) cost of travel; b) scheduling and flexibility; c) pro-sustainability attitudes and perception of sustainable travel; d) awareness and norms; e) availability of services and amenities; f) journey experience, health and safety. Significant barriers to the uptake of the mobility hub services were identified, including low awareness of the new transport services, habitual choices of car users, lack of infrastructure for active travel, and lack of transport alternatives outside of the trial area and the zone where the new services operated.</p
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