19684 research outputs found
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The Resilience of Agro Ecosystems Through Higher Education; Identification of Key Thematic Areas
No full textAgro ecosystems’ resilience is one of the contributing factors to global food security and end hunger. However, climate change and other anthropogenic factors have threatened agro ecosystems’ resilience worldwide. In this context, the study was conducted to explore the key concepts applicable to agro ecosystems’ resilience, which supports the development of an initial framework targeting to support agro ecosystems’ resilience-related research within higher education institutions as the next stage of the study. The methodology consists of a systematic literature review to identify the key thematic areas. A thematic analysis was conducted to extract the key themes from the reviewed sources, and based on classification techniques, key information was generated. The results were illustrated in three-tiered framework, illustrating different orders of concepts derived from the analysis. The first layer comprises five thematic areas related to agro-ecosystems’ resilience and higher education. They are resilience, agro-ecosystems, higher education, environment and policy and governance. The second layer demonstrates twenty-one concepts, which are extended from the first layer categories. The final, third, layer comprises of 125 operational level concepts relating to the second layer. The initial framework derived from the systematic literature review provides directions towards agro-ecosystems’ resilience with the support of higher education institutions by conducting survey to evaluate their present status and to identify enablers and barriers and for evaluating their research background and opportunities related to agro ecosystems resilience
Random Forest-Based Machine Learning Model Design for 21,700/5 Ah Lithium Cell Health Prediction Using Experimental Data
No full textIn this research, the use of machine learning techniques for predicting the state of health (SoH) of 5 Ah—21,700 lithium-ion cells were explored; data from an experimental aging test were used to build the prediction model. The main objective of this work is to develop a robust model for battery health estimation, which is crucial for enhancing the lifespan and performance of lithium-ion batteries in different applications, such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems. Two machine learning models: support vector regression (SVR) and random forest (RF) were designed and evaluated. The random forest model, which is a novel strategy for SoH prediction application, was trained using experimental features, including current (A), potential (V), and temperature (°C), and tuned through a grid search for performance optimization. The developed models were evaluated using two performance metrics, including R2 and root mean squared error (RMSE). The obtained results show that the random forest model outperformed the SVR model, achieving an R2 of 0.92 and an RMSE of 0.06, compared to an R2 of 0.85 and an RMSE of 0.08 for SVR. These findings demonstrate that random forest is an effective and robust strategy for SoH prediction, offering a promising alternative to existing SoH monitoring strategies.</p
In situ self-ion (Fe<sup>+</sup>) irradiation of ODS-FeCrAl alloy fuel cladding materials with different Cr contents:The early stages of Cr-rich α’ phase precipitation
No full textOxide-dispersion-strengthened FeCrAl (ODS-FeCrAl) alloys are candidate accident-tolerant fuel cladding materials for light water reactors because they demonstrate satisfactory resistance to materials degradation effects such as high-temperature oxidation, radiation-induced swelling, and creep. Their perspective deployment to market is challenged, however, by their inherent susceptibility to irradiation embrittlement caused by the precipitation of the brittle Cr-rich α’ phase at relatively low temperatures (≤475 °C). This work used in situ self-ion irradiation (150 keV Fe+) in a transmission electron microscope to elucidate the early stages of Cr-rich α’ phase precipitation in three candidate ODS-FeCrAl alloy fuel cladding materials with different Cr contents (10, 12, and 20 wt.%) and microstructures. The early stages of the process resulting in the precipitation of the Cr-rich α’ phase in these three ODS-FeCrAl alloys under Fe+ irradiation were investigated at room temperature and 300 °C up to total fluences of 1.7 × 1015 ions·cm-2 (2 dpa) and 3.4 × 1015 ions·cm-2 (4 dpa), using three damage dose rates (5 × 10–5, 3.3 × 10–4, and 2 × 10–3 dpa·s-1). Post-irradiation examination via scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy suggested that the precipitation of the Cr-rich α’ phase might be promoted by the phase separation of the alloy matrix into Cr-rich and Fe-rich regions. Interestingly, oxygen impurities segregated preferentially in the Cr-rich regions, possibly promoting the radiation-assisted formation of the Cr-rich α’ phase. α’ phase precipitation was more pronounced at room temperature when compared to 300 °C, and it was clearly promoted by the progressive increase in the Cr content of the ODS-FeCrAl alloy.</p
Unpacking the Construction of Online Identities of Hybristophilia Communities on TikTok
No full textThis study delves into the expressions of Hybristophilia, an intriguing phenomenon characterized by a sexual attraction to criminal offenders. While existing literature has primarily focused on manifestations including letter-writing and courtroom support, scant attention has been given to the online realm, leaving a notable gap in understanding the interplay between Hybristophilia, online identity constructions, and offline duality. Employing an innovative method termed the TikTok Matrix Analysis (TMA), the research team explored Hybristophilia content on the popular social media platform TikTok. This analytical method identified four prominent themes: Sexual Objectification, Trivialisation of Trauma, Romanticisation of Criminals, and Guiltiness. Notably, the content online exhibited a concerted effort to reshape the negative perception of the criminal offender and their actions, simultaneously serving as an outlet for the author’s admiration for the chosen offender. The findings highlight the transformative nature of Hybristophilia content online and its potential impact on both users and victims. By diluting the negative perception of criminal actions, these expressions may inadvertently contribute to minimizing the severity of offenses and overlooking the trauma experienced by victims. The study also underscores the importance of considering the ethical implications and limitations inherent in researching such sensitive topics. This research contributes to the broader understanding of Hybristophilia by shedding light on its manifestations within the digital landscape. As society navigates the complex intersection of online and offline identities, the study prompts further exploration into the consequences of these expressions on individuals, communities, and the justice system
Sport and exercise-based interventions for young people in alternative provisions ‘what, where, how, and for who’:a realist review
No full textPupils in alternative provisions face unique educational, health, economic, and behavioural challenges. Sport and exercise-based interventions represent an innovative means of addressing these challenges. However, given the sparsity of peer-reviewed research, little is known regarding the what, how, and for whom, that facilitates successful intervention implementation. The purpose of this realist review is to address this gap and provide recommendations as to how interventions can be implemented successfully. Due to the absence of peer-reviewed literature; evidence was drawn from wider fields including interventions conducted in mainstream schools including children with similar characteristics to the target population. Nine initial-rough-programme-theories were developed including two rival theories. These data are formed to highlight the interweaving interactions within context-mechanism-outcome configurations. Sport and exercise-based interventions can influence pupils’ academic attainment, attendance, and relationships by promoting citizenship, facilitating exposure to green environments, and fostering belongingness. However, circumstances exist where changes in context or mechanism can result in contrasting outcomes. The context-mechanism-outcome configurations formed the foundations of the recommendations made to intervention developers and implementers aiming at making sport and exercise-based interventions in alternative provisions accessible and successful. Finally, findings of this paper are underpinned by the fundamental need for adequate space and resources within alternative provisions.</p
Joy in the Detail:The 62 Group of Textile Artists
No full textThis co-curated exhibition with Ealish Wilson, presented at the Crafts Study Centre, showcases the breadth and vitality of contemporary textile practice from The 62 Group of Textile Artists. Featuring a diverse range of inventive and expressive works, the exhibition explores how scale—as a conceptual and physical constraint—can serve as a catalyst for innovation. Each piece reflects a confident and assertive personal response to the challenge of working small, highlighting how intimacy of scale can enhance material exploration, form, and meaning. The result is a dynamic and compelling collection that redefines smallness as a powerful and deliberate attribute, affirming the continued relevance and evolving language of textile art today
Constraint-based In-Station Train Dispatching
No full textIn-station dispatching is the problem of planning the movements of scheduled trains inside a railway station. Effective solutions for in-station dispatching are important for maximising the utilisation of railway infrastructure and for mitigating the impact of incidents and delays in the broader network. In this paper, we explore a constraint-based approach to perform in-station train dispatching. Our extensive empirical analysis of multiple modelling, search strategy, and solver choices, performed over synthetically generated, yet realistic, data, shows that our method outperforms the existing planning-based state-of-the-art approach. In addition, we present different optimisation criteria, which can be effortless defined thanks to the constraint-based approach.<br/
Operation of hybrid PM generators in a wind farm
No full textThe arduous environmental location and distance of off-shore wind farms impose significant technical challenges. Hybrid permanent magnet (HPM) generators combining PM and wound field rotor elements could be an effective alternative for higher power systems employing higher voltage electric machines and passive electronic rectification. Here, the terminal voltage of the HPM generator can be adjusted by modifying the wound field current within the operating constraints of the machine and system. This paper provides the operational constraints of a single generator and then explores the generator operation within a multi-machine wind farm
An Investigation of the Barriers Impeding Small-Scale Hydropower Schemes From Greater Deployment in England
No full textEngland holds significant potential for hydropower development, yet various challenges including environmental concerns con-tinue to limit extensive deployment. This study offers an interdisciplinary analysis of the key barriers hindering hydropowerexpansion in England, focusing on institutional, policy, financial, and environmental factors. Findings reveal that fragmentedregulations, unstable policy frameworks, and insufficient financial incentives collectively constrain the sector's progress. Toovercome these obstacles, the study recommends enhanced coordination among relevant stakeholders, the establishment ofmore consistent policy environments, improved financial support mechanisms, and a review of environmental regulations tobetter balance development and conservation goals. These insights aim to inform policymakers and guide strategic planning forsmall-scale hydropower in England. As the whole UK strives to diversify its renewable energy mix and achieve net zero emis-sions, addressing these barriers is critical for unlocking hydropower's contribution to a sustainable energy future
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