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Accueil des adolescents migrants peu ou pas scolarisés antérieurement: apport de l'entretien et de l'évaluation en langue choisie
No full textInternational audienceLes évaluations qui permettent de placer la plupart des élèves allophones primo-arrivants ne sont pas accessibles aux élèves éloignés de l’écrit qui sont placés dans des classes face à des enseignant.e.s qui ont peu ou pas d’information sur leurs compétences et leurs parcours individuel. Dans le cadre d’une recherche collaborative entre enseignantes, formatrices, masterantes et chercheuses, Améliorer l’accueil et le suivi langagier des adolescents migrants à Toulouse (ADMiT), nous avons mis en place dans cette ville du sud de la France deux entretiens avec les adolescents scolarisés dans quatre Unités Pédagogiques pour Elèves Allophones Nouvellement Arrivés (UPE2A) et Non ou Peu scolarisés antérieurement (NSA/PSA) : un premier entretien dédié à la biographie langagière en lien avec le parcours migratoire et un deuxième entretien au moyen de l’outil transculturel d’Evaluation Langagière pour ALlophone et primo-arrivant (ELAL) (Moro et al., 2018). Les deux entretiens, d’environ 60 minutes chacun, sont conduits avec un.e interprète dans la langue que choisit l’adolescent, puis transcrits et analysés. L’objectif de notre communication est de faire un bref état des lieux du processus de scolarisation des adolescents peu scolarisés antérieurement en France telle qu’elle ressort de travaux et rapports récents (Evascol 2018, Educinclu 2019, Cour des comptes, 2023), de présenter le groupe de 10 adolescents de 15 ans et plus retenu pour l’analyse et d’analyser l’apport de l’entretien et de l’évaluation en langue choisie l’entrée de l’adolescent dans la langue et en particulier dans l’écrit
Western Indian subantarctic phytoplankton blooms fertilized by iron-enriched Agulhas water
No full textInternational audienc
À quoi s’attendre à l’issue de la session budgétaire de 2025 après le dépôt tardif du projet de loi de finances gestion 2026 ?
No full text"The late submission of the 2026 finance bill barely triggers the activation of emergency measures provided for in paragraph 4 of article 47C, as specified by article 45 of the LOLF, except in the case of a special law beyond the conditions stipulated for Its Use, as in 2024. Nevertheless, the intrigues surrounding its vote are numerous. They reveal the undeniable Link between politics and public finances. This is the perfect illustration of the political scope of the finance bill, where its vote can become a standoff between the executive and legislative powers."Le dépôt tardif du projet de loi de finances pour 2026 n’entraîne guère l’activation des moyens d’urgence prévus à l’alinéa 4 de l’article 47C, précisés par l’article 45 de la LOLF, sauf à envisager une loi spéciale outre les conditions prévues pour son usage, comme en 2024. Néanmoins, les intrigues autour de son vote sont nombreuses. Elles révèlent le lien indéniable entre la politique et les finances publiques. C’est l’illustration parfaite de la portée politique de la loi de finances où le vote de ce dernier peut se muer en un moment de bras de fer entre les pouvoirs exécutif et législatif
European Collaboration for Lunar Investigation with Planetary Seismology and Electromagnetism (ECLIPSE): A European Initiative to Strengthen the International Lunar Seismic Network
No full textInternational audienceIn response to the exploratory call for missions within ESA’s science program, we propose the ECLIPSE mission to deploy a European geophysical station with seismometers and electromagnetic sensors on the lunar surface. Although data from the Apollo seismic network and subsequent geodetic studies provided initial models of the Moon's internal structure, its interior remains highly complex and not yet well understood. Numerous missions are being planned, with the aim of establishing permanent lunar bases. In this context, lunar seismology is of critical importance, and recent milestones—such as China’s Chang’e missions and India’s Chandrayaan-3—mark the beginning of a new era in lunar seismic exploration. NASA’s Farside Seismic Suite (FSS), part of the CLPS CP-12 flight, is set to perform the first seismic measurements on the Moon’s far side, while the Lunar Environment Monitoring Station (LEMS), included in Artemis 3, will deploy the first human-operated seismometer since Apollo. Meanwhile, China is preparing to send a seismometer aboard Chang’e 7 and later Chang’e 8. These efforts will lay the groundwork for an international lunar seismic network over the next decade.ECLIPSE aims to set up a European seismic station by deploying a three-axis seismometer on the lunar surface. The vertical axis will feature the last available unit of the Very Broad Band vertical (VBBZ) seismometer — the most sensitive flight-ready seismometer ever built — previously flown on InSight [1], and in preparation for FSS [2]. The horizontal components will consist of two geophones. The seismic suite will be complemented by a radiometer, magnetometer, electric field sensor, short period vertical geophone and a camera
ReefTEMPS: le Réseau d'observation des eaux côtières du Pacifique insulaire
No full textInternational audienceWhile the rise in global ocean temperature continues its course, reaching 1.45±0.12 °C above pre-industrial level according to the World Meteorological Organization in 2023, marine heatwave frequencies and intensities increase. Consequently, coral reef ecosystems, which are among the most vulnerable environments, are strongly impacted by dystrophic events and corals experiencing increasing frequencies of bleaching events. That has devastating consequences for the Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs) that strongly rely on these ecosystems. In situ observation remains the best alternative for providing accurate characterization of long-term trends and extremes in these shallow environments. This paper presents the coastal temperature dataset of the ReefTEMPS monitoring network (Varillon et al., 2025, https://doi.org/10.17882/55128; Liao et al., 2025, https://doi.org/10.17882/82291) in which moored stations are implemented over a number of PICTs over a wide region in the western and central South Pacific from New Caledonia to French Polynesia. These in situ temperature time series are unique in several ways: in the length of some historical stations dating back to 1958 for the oldest, thus providing more than 65 years of daily data; in the number of countries sampled (16 PICTs); and in the variety of coral ecosystems monitored (from atolls to high islands and from barrier reefs' external slopes to shallow and narrow lagoons). Measurement devices have evolved over the years to provide increasingly precise and frequent observations, so the ReefTEMPS network was endorsed as a French National Observation Service in 2020, a label ensuring quality-controlled and open-access data of long-term observations. All stations are publicly available in ASCII or formatted NetCDF files either in the ReefTEMPS dedicated information system, which also allows for a quick visualization of time series, or on the SEANOE marine data platform. All links and accesses to these temperature time series are provided herein. The longevity of these temperature time series allows for diagnosing long-term trends, highlighting the influence of multiple processes on temperature dynamics (e.g. internal waves, cyclones, seasonal, and climate modes) and documenting the time evolution of extreme events. All files are made publicly available on dedicated SEANOE repositories.En raison du réchauffement des océans, les écosystèmes des récifs coralliens sont fortement touchés par des phénomènes dystrophiques et les coraux subissent des épisodes de blanchissement de plus en plus fréquents. L'observation in situ reste la meilleure alternative pour caractériser avec précision les tendances et les phénomènes extrêmes dans ces environnements peu profonds. Cet article présente l'ensemble de données sur la température côtière du réseau de surveillance ReefTEMPS, qui couvre plusieurs pays et territoires insulaires du Pacifique (PICT) dans l'ouest et le centre du Pacifique Sud
Digital twin enables radiosensitive organic speciation in 3D
No full textInternational audienceState-of-the-art spectral imaging techniques using high-brilliance sources face an inherent trade-off between signal intensity and sample integrity, particularly in hyperspectral and multispectral imaging. Traditionally, optimizing acquisition parameters, such as source wavelength, intensity, and exposure time, relies on empirical adjustments to enhance image contrast. Here, we introduce a digital twin methodology to overcome these limitations. Focusing on x-ray Raman imaging, a powerful yet underutilized speciation probe constrained by low quantum efficiency, we demonstrate its application to sensitive organic samples. Our approach enabled a 10-fold reduction in acquisition time while maintaining operation below the damage threshold, paving the way for highfidelity spectral imaging with minimal sample degradation
Kerlinic Acid Preserves the Furan Moiety in Regio- and Diastereoselective Oxidations Giving Beta-Lactones and Oxirane Derivatives
No full textInternational audienceStrategic scaffolds in molecules increase the possibility of obtaining derivatives with potential uses in scientific and industrial areas. The regio- and stereoselective reactions can be considered to gain these tactical motifs. Natural diterpenes are key molecules for reaching such aims. Among this class of compounds, neo-clerodanes are highlighted by the presence of a furan moiety in their chemical structure. This work describes a regio- and stereoselective strategy to gain beta-lactone and oxirane derivatives from kerlinic acid (1) when the β,γ-unsaturated carboxylic acid system is oxidized, preserving the furan moiety. Oxidation of 1 yielded salviaolide (2), suggesting regio- and stereoselective means. A reaction mechanism was proposed when oxidation of the acetate (1a), benzoate (1b), and methyl ester (1c) derivatives from 1 were gained. The obtention of the epoxide derivative 3, kernolide (4), and kernolide epoxide (5) also supported the reaction mechanism. X-ray diffraction analysis of 3, Karplus-type analyses, and DFT calculations from hypothetical intermediates revealed conformational preferences that guide the regioselectivity. The stereoselectivity was attributed to the natural origin of 1. All compounds were characterized by their physical and spectroscopical data. These results suggest the feasibility of promoting regioselective oxidation on neo-clerodane compounds, preserving the furan moiety
One-sample survival tests in the presence of non-proportional hazards in oncology clinical trial
No full textIn oncology, conduct well-powered time-to-event randomized clinical trials may be challenging due to limited patients number. Many designs for single-arm trials (SATs) have recently emerged as an alternative to overcome this issue. They rely on the (modified) one-sample log-rank test (OSLRT) under the proportional hazards to compare the survival curves of an experimental and an external control group. We extend Finkelstein's formulation of OSLRT as a score test by using a piecewise exponential model for early, middle and delayed treatment effects and an accelerated hazards model for crossing hazards. We adapt the restricted mean survival time based test and construct a combination test procedure (max-Combo) to SATs. The performance of the developed tests are evaluated through a simulation study. The score tests are as conservative as the OSLRT and have the highest power when the data generation matches the model underlying score tests. The max-Combo test is more powerful than the OSLRT whatever the scenarios and is thus an interesting approach as compared to a score test. Uncertainty on the survival curve estimate of the external control group and its model misspecification may have a significant impact on performance. For illustration, we apply the developed tests on real data examples
REGISTRE SMA FRANCE: A nationwide observational registry of patients with spinal muscular atrophy in France.
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe neurodegenerative disease affecting children. Three innovative disease-modifying therapies (DMTs)-nusinersen, risdiplam, and onasemnogene abeparvovec-are available for treatment.ObjectiveTo provide a descriptive overview of patients enrolled in the Registre SMA France until July 22, 2024.MethodsRegistre SMA France is a multicenter, national observational registry that includes patients with SMA-children and adults, treated or untreated. Data collection began retrospectively in 2016 and prospectively in 2020, with a 10-year follow-up plan. The coordinating center is the neuropediatric department of Garches Hospital (AP-HP), while methodological and, regulatory and operational management, are provided by the Clinical Research Unit of AP-HP Paris-Saclay. Financial support is provided through unrestricted grants from Biogen, Novartis, and Roche. Data on patient characteristics, medical and surgical follow-up, treatments, adverse events, and quality of life are recorded via structured forms, with additional modules developed as required (e.g., hematological monitoring post-gene therapy in 2021). Data quality is ensured through routine checks and periodic monitoring.ResultsBy July 22, 2024, 1299 patients from 59 centers were enrolled (299 SMA1, 502 SMA2, 469 SMA3, 19 SMA4, 10 presymptomatic). Of these, 76.2% received DMT (nusinersen: 46.1%, risdiplam: 23.2%, onasemnogene abeparvovec: 9.2%), with 21.5% undergoing sequential or combination therapy. Major complications included ventilatory support (SMA1: 69.9%, SMA2: 64.5%, SMA3: 18.1%), enteral feeding (SMA1: 56.2%SMA1), and spine surgery (SMA2: 24.5%). Survival was significantly higher in treated SMA1 and SMA2 cases.ConclusionThis registry serves as a key resource for understanding the clinical course and treatment outcomes of SMA in the real world, supporting future research and informing clinical and policy decisions in the era of DMTs.Trial registrationNCT04177134