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Autistic traits relate to speed/accuracy trade-off but not statistical learning and updating
No full textInternational audienceCognitive and social alterations characterize Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), yet comprehensive explanations are challenged by ASD's heterogeneity. One candidate framework is predictive processing, which posits that predictive processes are altered in ASD (e.g., slower internal model updating). We tested this framework using the spectrum approach, which suggests that subclinical autistic traits are continuously distributed in the general population, with most diagnosed individuals above a threshold. We recruited neurotypical adults (N = 296) to examine the relationship between autistic traits and predictive processing. Using an implicit statistical learning task, we tested model updating in an unsupervised, ecologically valid manner, and assessed speed/accuracy trade-off to control for potential visuomotor performance confounds in ASD. We found no difference in model updating rate along autistic traits, suggesting no relationship between these traits and model updating in the general population, contrary to the slow updating hypothesis. However, our results reveal a difference in the evolution of speed/accuracy trade-off along the degree of autistic traits, potentially indicating a shift in the balance of goal-directed and habitual systems related to autistic traits. These findings set the stage for further research on the interaction between executive functions and predictive, habitual processes related to autistic symptoms
Bilayer orthogonal ferromagnetism in CrTe2-based van der Waals system
No full textInternational audienceSystems with pronounced spin anisotropy are pivotal in advancing magnetization switching and spin-wave generation mechanisms that are fundamental to spintronic technologies. Quasi-van der Waals ferromagnets like Cr1+δTe2 represent seminal materials in this field, renowned for their delicate balance between frustrated layered geometries and magnetism. Despite extensive investigation, the nature of their magnetic ground state and the mechanism of spin reorientation under external fields and varying temperatures remain contested. Here, we exploit complementary techniques to reveal a previously overlooked magnetic phase in Cr1+δTe2 (δ = 0.25 − 0.50), which we term orthogonal-ferromagnetism. This phase consists of atomically sharp single layers of in-plane and out-of-plane maximally canted ferromagnetic blocks, which differs from the stacking of multiple heterostructural elements required for crossed magnetism. Contrary to earlier reports of gradual spin reorientation in CrTe2-based systems, we present evidence for abrupt spin-flop-like transitions. This discovery further highlights Cr1+δTe2 compounds as promising candidates for spintronic and orbitronic applications, opening new pathways for device engineering
Effectiveness and Safety of a Second JAK Inhibitor in Ulcerative Colitis: The J2J Multicentre Study
No full textInternational audienceBackground While three Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) have demonstrated efficacy in ulcerative colitis (UC), scarce data exist regarding JAKi intraclass switching. Aim To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a second JAK inhibitor in UC. Methods This was a multicentre, retrospective, observational cohort including patients with moderate to severe UC who received a second‐line of JAKi after failure or intolerance of a first. The primary outcome was steroid‐free clinical remission (SFCR) at Weeks 8–14, defined as a partial Mayo score of 2 or less with no individual sub‐score above 1. Results Among the 169 patients from 28 participating centres, 105 received upadacitinib, 54 filgotinib and 10 tofacitinib as a second‐line of JAKi. Overall, 81/169 achieved SFCR at Weeks 8–14: 58/105 with upadacitinib, 18/54 with filgotinib and 5/10 with tofacitinib ( p = 0.03). In the multivariate analysis, upadacitinib was independently associated with higher odds of SFCR than filgotinib (OR = 3.15, 95% CI [1.52–6.79]). With a median follow‐up duration of 96 days, drug persistence at 6 months was 72.8% with upadacitinib, 57.2% with filgotinib and 66.7% with tofacitinib ( p = 0.099). 24.3% of patients (41/169) experienced at least one adverse event leading to treatment withdrawal in 9 patients (5%). No cases of death, cancer, or major acute cardiovascular events were reported. Conclusion A second‐line of JAKi provided clinical remission in about half of patients after induction, and was well tolerated
Estimation of waste water treatment plant methane emissions: methodology and results from a short campaign
No full textthis preprint was under review for the journal AMT but the revision was not accepted.International audienceThis paper describes different methods to estimate methane emissions at different scales. These methods are applied to a waste water treatment plant (WWTP) located in Valence, France. We show that Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) measurements as well as Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) can be used to measure emissions from the process to the regional scale. To estimate the total emissions, we investigate a tracer release method (using C2H2) and the Radon tracer method (using 222Rn). For process-scale emissions, both tracer release and chamber techniques were used. We show that the tracer release method is suitable to quantify facility- and some process-scale emissions, while the Radon tracer method encompasses not only the treatment station but also a large area around. Thus the Radon tracer method is more representative of the regional emissions around the city. Uncertainties for each method are described. Applying the methods to CH4 emissions, we find that the main source of emissions of the plant was not identified with certainty during this short campaign, although the primary source of emissions is likely to be from solid sludge. Overall, the waste water treatment plant represents a small part (3%) of the methane emissions of the city of Valence and its surroundings,which is in agreement with the national inventories
A logarithm law for nonautonomous systems fastly converging to equilibrium and mean field coupled systems
No full textInternational audienceWe prove that if a nonautonomous system has in a certain sense a fast convergence to equilibrium (faster than any power law behavior) then the time τ_r(x,y) needed for a typical point x to enter for the first time in a ball B(y,r) centered in y, with small radius r scales as the local dimension of the equilibrium measure μ at y, i.e.lim(r→0) log [τ_r(x,y)]/ [-log(r)]We then apply the general result to concrete systems of different kind, showing such a logarithm law for asymptotically authonomous solenoidal maps and mean field coupled expanding maps
Impact of frailty and older age on weaning from invasive ventilation: a secondary analysis of the WEAN SAFE study
No full textInternational audienceObjective To understand the impact of both frailty and chronologic age on outcomes of weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation (MV). Methods The study population consisted of patients enrolled in the ‘WorldwidE. AssessmeNt of Separation of pAtients From ventilatory assistancE (WEAN SAFE) study. We defined 4 non-overlapping groups, namely: ‘frail' (clinical frailty scale [CFS] score > 4; age < 80 years); ‘elderly' (CFS ≤ 4; age ≥ 80y), ‘frail \elderly' (CFS > 4; age ≥ 80 years), and a ‘not frail or elderly' population. The primary outcome was the impact of frailty and older age on delayed weaning and failed weaning from invasive MV. Secondary outcomes included the impact of frailty and age on ICU and hospital survival. Results In the study population, 760 (17%) were frail, while 360 (8%) were elderly, 197 (4%) were frail and elderly, while 3,176 (70%) were not frail or elderly. The frail and elderly cohorts were more likely to be female, had hypoxemic/hypercapnic respiratory failure or sepsis, and had more comorbidities. The proportion of delayed weaning and of failed weaning from invasive MV was significantly higher in the frail (28 and 23%), the elderly (25 and 19%), and the frail and elderly groups (22% and 25%), compared to the not frail or elderly population (12% and 13%, P < 0.01). ICU and hospital mortality was higher in the frail (21 and 33%), the elderly (19 and 31%), and the frail and elderly groups (26 and 46%), compared to the not frail or elderly population (12% and 18%, P < 0.001). In multivariate analyses, there was an independent association between frailty and delayed weaning initiation and weaning failure. Old age was independently associated with risk of weaning failure. Conclusions Frailty status had a more consistent impact than older age on weaning outcomes. However, overall outcomes in these cohorts are encouraging once separation attempts have been initiated
Antimicrobial stewardship in primary care telemedicine: the way forward
No full textInternational audienc
Neural network approaches for sea surface height predictability using sea surface temperature
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Sea Surface Height Anomaly (SLA) is a signature of the mesoscale dynamics of the upper ocean. Sea surface temperature (SST) is driven by these dynamics and can be used to improve the spatial interpolation of SLA fields. In this study, we focused on the temporal evolution of SLA fields. We explored the capacity of deep learning (DL) methods to predict short-term SLA fields using SST fields. We used simulated daily SLA and SST data from the Mercator Global Analysis and Forecasting System, with a resolution of (1/12)° in the North Atlantic Ocean (26.5–44.42°N, −64.25–41.83°E), covering the period from 1993 to 2019. Using a slightly modified image-to-image convolutional DL architecture, we demonstrated that SST is a relevant variable for controlling the SLA prediction. With a learning process inspired by the teaching-forcing method, we managed to improve the SLA forecast at 5 days by using the SST fields as additional information. We obtained predictions of 12 cm (20 cm) error of SLA evolution for scales smaller than mesoscales and at time scales of 5 days (20 days) respectively. Moreover, the information provided by the SST allows us to limit the SLA error to 16 cm at 20 days when learning the trajectory