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No full textNot AvailableThe fall armyworm (FAW), scientific name Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), poses a significant challenge to farmers and agricultural systems due to its ability to adapt, reproduce rapidly, and develop resistance to pesticides. Hence, it is essential to adopt effective and feasible approaches to managing FAW. The present research aimed at identifying the physio-morphological traits in 22 diverse maize genotypes that influence resistance to FAW. Among the tested ones, moderately resistant genotypes had the highest trichome density (CML 71, CML 67, and CML 335), minimum leaf area, and leaf width (DMRE 63, CML 71, and CML 67). Moderately resistant genotypes, viz., CML 67 (0.14 mm), CML 71 (0.14 mm), CML 561 (0.14 mm), and DMRE 63 (0.14 mm), exhibited significantly higher leaf toughness. Furthermore, the lowest relative water content was recorded in moderately resistant genotypes (DMRE 63, CML 71, and CML 67). The maximum cob length was observed in the moderately resistant genotype, CML 71 (18.56 cm), followed by CML 67 (18.26 cm), which was on par. Among moderately resistant genotypes, CML 71 had the greatest cob width of 4.97 cm, followed by CML 67 (4.88 cm), CML 561 (4.66 cm), CML 335 (4.66 cm), and DMRE 63 (4.62 cm), and these were statistically comparable. Of the genotypes evaluated, the moderately resistant genotypes CML 71, CML 67, and DMRE 63 registered significantly higher yields of 135.04 g/plant, 120.65 g/plant, and 117.92 g/plant, respectively. This information on physio-morphological traits is helpful in breeding programs focusing on maize resistance to FAW.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe requisite for novel potential dressings has emerged as a consequence of the incidences of injuries caused due to second
intention and expensive treatment costs for the management of them. New generation dressings are capable to accelerate
proliferation of cells and regeneration of tissue despite of the protective role to the wounds. Moreover, patient compliance
persists as an integral factor with regard to the fact that they create no damage to the newly regenerated tissue on removal
of the same. In the current study, we developed a κ- carrageenan film dressing, which is capable to accelerate tissue repair
and aids its removal by external stimulus without disturbing the regenerated tissue. The dressing is capable to absorb
excessexudate from the wound by maintaining hydrationto wound bed. The medical dressing was evaluated in male Wistar
rats by generating a pocket wound. The dressings were implanted in incised pocket wound for 16 days. Histological
analyses demonstrated that the dressing inserted on the injured area have showed minimal level of inflammatory events and
generated denser connective tissue on comparison to wounds devoid of dressings. The injured site sheltered with the
dressing demonstrated re-epithelization and angiogenesis to promote wound closure.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe introduction and widespread transmission of Escherichia coli that produces extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) pose an extreme task in controlling healthcare- and community-associated infections. The transmission of genes of obduracy by means of horizontal or clonal development could possibly enhance the swiftness in incidence of ESBL E. coli in the environment. When the virulent pathotypes possess the ESBL genes, it results in the population with increased risk of being infected, and all the treatment strategies become ineffective. Thus, it is necessary to further investigate the ways and means of perseverance of ESBL genes among clinical as well as community settings, and its diagnosis should also be done to find unknown carriers.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableAntibiotic resistance for a large diversity of clinically significant pathogens has been observed with increasing frequency over the past several decades. This pervasive issue is one of the most serious public health concerns of this century. Clinicians and researchers have been persuaded to develop innovative techniques to manage harmful microorganisms to address this problem. The bacterial virulence genes are mostly in the monitoring purview of quorum sensing signal molecules, called autoinducers, and are expressed only when the signal is beyond a threshold which is determined by the bacterial cell density. Hence, interfering with these signals will effectively silence the operon that harbors virulence genes, without being detrimental to bacteria so that there is no selective pressure. This interpolation with quorum sensing paths of microbes, known as antipathogenic and/or anti-virulence strategies, is one of several such promising approaches which mainly focus on disruption of bacterial pathogenicity and does not involve bacterial killing. Inhibition of indicator molecules is accomplished by signal dilapidation, use of natural or synthetic analogues, and various other strategies which are described in this chapter. Also discussed are the modes of action of bacterial quorum sensing and an overview of potential sources of bioactive components as QS inhibitors.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableAntibiotic residues are often found in the aquatic foods due to direct use in aquaculture or arising from pollution of waterbodies from nonpoint sources. Exposure to these antibiotic residues through aquatic food has far-reaching health implications, including the advent of antibiotic resistance microorganisms. Hence, it is important to screen for remnants of antimicrobial drugs in foods to establish regulatory control and help prevent public health emergencies. “Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)”- based estimation is the pivotal process for accurate quantitative estimation and confirmation of the rest of the drugs in food. This chapter provides an overview of antibiotic residue analysis in fish and fish products employing “LC-MS/MS.” A brief description of the principle of analysis using “LC-MS/MS” has been provided. Further, discussion is centered on the analysis of proscribed antimicrobials such as nitrofuran metabolites and chloramphenicol, and analysis of multiclass antibiotics in a multiresidue analysis approach.Not Availabl
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No full textChapter 11 of Training manual “Treatise on Fisheries Harvest and Post-Harvest Technologies”Not AvailableNot Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe objective of the current study was to optimize the cook-chill conditions of high-value whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) processed using the sous vide (SV) technique and to assess the effects of various time-temperature combinations on the physicochemical, textural, and sensory qualities. For optimization, a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach utilizing a Central Composite Design (CCD) was adopted. Optimum SV cooking conditions to acquire minimum texture (hardness) of 7235 g was 13.48 min and 81.87 °C, expressible moisture of 18.48% was 14.5 min and 84.5 °C, and cook loss of 5.58% was 5 min and 75 °C. Texture (hardness) and expressible moisture decreased while cooking loss increased with increasing time-temperature treatment. Redness and yellowness values increased (p < 0.05) with increasing SV cooking time-temperature, but lightness values were nearly consistent in all treatments. With increasing time and temperature, TBARs and total carotenoid content increased (p < 0.05). However, the TBARs values were within accepted limits and ranged from 0.05 to 0.08 mg malonaldehyde/kg. Sensory evaluation indicated that all SV cooked samples were well accepted, with overall scores ≥7. These results suggest that the SV cooking temperature and time had a substantial impact on the textural, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics of shrimp. In addition, increasing time-temperature increased cooking and moisture loss, but decreased hardness and higher sensory scores made the product more acceptable to consumers.Not Availabl
