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No full textNot AvailableMonosex tilapia is a widely cultured fish species in India on account of its capacity to adapt to varying culture conditions. However in India, the value addition options of this potential species are less explored leading to low market value for this species. This situation has created trading difficulties to the tilapia farmers and they are in search of options for better prize realization for this species. Present study aims to investigate the potential for more effective usage of tilapia through the preparation of value-added products and the assessment of its shelf life in chilled conditions (4oC). Momos are mince based products that are gaining more acceptance in the recent years. Dips are used as supplementary dishes along with momos which enhances its flavour. Protocols were standardized for the preparation of momos from tilapia and a dehydrated tomato-based dip was also developed. In the present study, the steamed momos had a moisture content of 53.99±1.05%, crude protein content of 31.11±0.20%, fat content of 9.38±0.37% and ash content of 0.91±0.06%. Fried momos indicated a moisture content of 43.36±0.46%, crude protein content of 29.67±1.54%, fat content of 16.09±0.69%, and ash content of 2.03±0.12%. The higher protein content in both the steamed and fried momos suggests its suitability as a healthy snack, especially for individuals who prefer seafood as a protein source. The TVBN values as well as oxidative parameters viz., TBARS of the samples gradually increased but were within the acceptability limit during the storage period. Storage study indicated a shelf stability of 10 days for fried momos and 13 days for steamed momos under chilled conditions (4oC). Present study suggests fish momos to be an ideal product to capture modern market on account of their superior nutritional profile, sensory quality and easiness in preparation.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableHost Plant Resistance (HPR) is the most important component for sustainable
management of insect pests. The purpose of the present work was to understand
the role of various morphological and biochemical factors as defense mechanism
and their interaction on different biological parameters attributed to survival and
development of pink stem borer (PSB), Sesamia inferens Walker in maize. The
resistant and moderately resistant genotypes (DMRE 63, CM 500 and WNZ Exotic
pool) suffered least leaf injury rating (LIR), dead hearts (DH%), percentage stem
tunneling (ST%), number of entry/exit holes (E/EH) and showed deleterious effects
on biological parameters of pink stem borer as compared to susceptible ones (CM
202 and BML 6). Resistance index among the genotypes varied from 0.11 to 0.46.
The variation in morphological traits such as number of nodes, internode distance
and stem diameter could not distinguish all the resistant genotypes from that of
susceptible genotypes in terms of its mean value. Higher levels of biochemical
constituents, viz., p-Coumaric acid (p-CA), ferulic acid (FA), acid detergent fibre
(ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) were observed in resistant genotypes
compared to susceptible ones. Antibiosis was expressed in terms of reduced
pupal weight when fed on WNZ Exotic pool, whereas larval weight and larval
survival affected when fed on DMRE 63. Higher concentration of p-CA content in
pith of resistant maize genotypes prolonged the pupal period of pink stem borer.
Higher concentration of p-CA and FA contents in rind reduced the adult
emergence, as they showed significant negative correlation between them. The
larval period was prolonged with higher levels of ADF and ADL contents in maize
genotypes either in rind or both rind and pith as both ADF and ADL content showed
a significant positive correlation with the larval period. The Pearson correlation
analysis of most of the biochemical constituents revealed significant negative
correlation with damage parameters. The correlation coefficients between p-CA
with DH (%), ST (%) and E/EH were r= -0.9642, r= -0.9363, and r= -0.9646,
respectively. Similarly, the correlation coefficients between FA with DH (%), ST (%)
and E/EH were r= -0.9217, r= -0.9563, and r= -0.9434, respectively and ADF with DH (%), ST (%) and E/EH were r= -0.9506, r= -0.9611, and r= -0.9709,
respectively. The study confirms that stem damage parameters can also be used as
selection criteria along with LIR to identify resistant genotypes against pink stem
borer. Based on the correlation analysis it was concluded that resistance to pink
stem borer in maize is the result of interaction of several morphological and
biochemical traits rather than a single factor. The findings obtained from the
present study can be utilised in pink stem borer resistance breeding programmes
to enhance and diversify the basis of resistance.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableSoil salinity is a major environment stress impairing crop production and accelerating soil degradation. Use of soil amendments are practical solutions for altering soil quality to enhance crop productivity in these soils. Hence, we systematically evaluated the impact of soil amendments practices on crop productivity, nutrient use efficiency, soil properties, soil quality index, economics and energetics on soybean-mustard cropping system in sodic Vertisol. In this study, eight treatments comprising of various combinations of soil amendments such as gypsum (@2.5 t ha−1), farmyard manure (FYM@10 t ha−1), crop residue ([email protected] t ha−1 of soybean residue during rabi and 3 t ha−1 of mustard residue during kharif season) with recommended fertilizer doses (RNPK) was evaluated in randomized block design with three replications for four consecutive years in soybean-mustard cropping sequences (2016–2019). Results demonstrated that application of gypsum with CR and FYM recorded a significant drop in exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) (45–48 %), and bulk density (BD) (3–6 %) than that of control. Organic amendment in conjunction with gypsum and chemical fertilizer significantly improved soil chemical, physical and biological properties than that under control and inorganic fertilizer alone treatments. Based on principal component analysis and correlation matrix, minimum data set identified ESP, pH, BD, organic carbon, available nutrients, biomass carbon, calcium content, dehydrogenase as the most important properties controlling soil quality. Integration of RNPK+Gypsum+CR and RNPK+Gypsum+FYM are found superior leading to higher crop yield in soybean (1.23 and 1.21 Mg ha−1 respectively), mustard (1.43 and 1.39 Mg ha−1 respectively), better nutrient recovery efficiency (77 and 53 % respectively), improved soil quality index (0.90 and 0.93 respectively), and higher economic return (benefit: cost ratio-2.88 and 2.1 respectively).Therefore, this study findings highlighted the conjunctive use of gypsum with organic amendments is effective in reclaiming salt stress, improving soil health and crop productivity under oilseed cropping sequence in degraded soils of semi-arid tropics.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe current study identified two new climate-resilient groundnut-based cropping systems (GBCSs), viz., groundnut–fenugreek cropping system (GFCS) and groundnut–marigold cropping system (GMCS), with appropriate systemmode bio-compost embedded nutrient management schedules (SBINMSs) for semi-arid South Asia. This 5-year field study revealed that the GMCS along with leaf compost (LC) + 50% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF50) in wet-season crop (groundnut) and 100% RDF (RDF100) in winter-season crop (marigold) exhibited the highest system productivity (5.13–5.99 t/ha), system profits (US$ 1,767–2,688/ha), and soil fertility (available NPK). Among SBINMSs, the application of 5 t/ha leaf and cow dung mixture compost (LCMC) with RDF50 showed the highest increase (0.41%) in soil organic carbon (SOC) followed by LC
at 5 t/ha with RDF50 and RDF100. Legume–legume rotation (GFCS) had significantly higher soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) than legume–non-legume rotations (groundnut– wheat cropping system (GWCS) and GMCS). Among SBINMSs, the highest SMBC (201 µg/g dry soil) and SMBN (27.9 µg/g dry soil) were obtained when LCMC+RDF50 was applied to groundnut. The SMBC : SMBN ratio was the highest in the GWCS. LC+RDF50 exhibited the highest SMBC : SOC ratio (51.6). The largest increase in soil enzymatic activities was observed under LCMC+RDF50. Overall, the GMCS with LC+RDF50 in the wet season and RDF100 in the winter season proved highly productive and remunerative with better soil bio-fertility. SBINMSs saved chemical fertilizers by ~25%’ in addition to enhanced system
productivity and system profits across GBCSs in semi-arid regions of South Asia. Future research needs to focus on studying the potential of diversified production systems on water and environmental footprints, carbon dynamics, and energy productivity under semi-arid ecologies.Not Availabl
Computer Experiment Designs
No full textNot AvailableIn computer experiments space-filling designs are having great impact. Most popularly used space-filling designs are Uniform designs (UDs), Latin hypercube designs (LHDs) etc. For further references onecanseeMckay(1979)andFang(1980). In this package, we have provided algorithms for generate efficient LHDs and UDs. Here, generated LHDs are efficient as they possess lower value of Maxpro measure, Phi_p value and Maximum Absolute Correlation (MAC) value. On the other hand, the produced UDs are having good space-filling property as they attained the lower bound of Discrete Discrepancy measure.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableGlobal food security, particularly in South Asia and low-income coastal regions like India, relies on seafood consumption, both fresh and dried. Seafood, encompassing small pelagic fish, dried varieties, and salt-cured fish, absorbs xenobiotics like micro/nanoplastics and their associated contaminants during processing. This occurs due to factors such as processing conditions, the status of fish muscle biochemistry, and the additives used, presenting largely unexplored health risks that have received minimal study attention. This study investigates the impact of salting on microplastics (MPs) contamination in cured fish, exploring the intricate relationship between salting, muscle biochemistry, and MPs under controlled conditions. Commercial solar salt used for curing contained an average of 40.72 ± 5.97 MPs/g. Microplastic abundance in cured fish decreased significantly, from 65.7 ± 6 to 3.36 ± 1.5 MPs items/g, with a lower salt-to-fish ratio of 1:10. Characteristics of MPs such as morphotype, size, colour and polymer type in both cured fish and curing salt exhibited similar trends. Protein content and MPs showed a strong negative correlation, while the lipid content correlation with MPs presence was weak. Various MPs indices such as contamination factor, load index and polymer induced risk index emphasized salt's significant role in enhancing contamination in cured fish, posing safety risks to consumers. Given the limited number of studies conducted on comprehending the uptake of microplastics in processed seafood, a critical aspect of food safety, the present study aims to illuminate the intricate interplay between fish biochemistry and microplastic characteristics. Additionally, it explores the role of salt in this dynamic, highlighting implications for both food safety and human health.Not Availabl
Seedling Vigour Index (SVI), weed competitiveness and root traits of aerobic rice under organic and inorganic sources nutrient management
No full textNot AvailableA field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2017 and 2018 to study the effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on SVI, weed competitiveness and root characteristics of aerobic rice with Integrated Nutrient Management in Aerobic rice. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four organic sources of nutrients as main plots viz: M1: Neem leaf manure @ 6 t ha-1; M2: Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1; M3: Goat manure @ 5 t ha-1; M4: Microbial consortia seed treatment @ 4g kg-1 + soil application @ 4 kg ha and four subplots with graded doses of fertilizers viz; S1: Control; S2: 50% RDF; S37: 5% RDF and S4:100% RDF (120-60-40). The study revealed that inorganic nutrient level of100% RDF exhibited a significantly superior Seedling Vigor Index (15.8) and lowest (13.1) was observed with control i.e.,0% RDF while organic nutrient source i.e., Neem leaf manure applied as a mulch, suppressed weed emergence resulted in lower weed population (3.7 no.m-2) and weed dry biomass (2.9 g). Both organic nutrient sources and inorganic nutrient levels exerted a remarkable effect on root traits viz; root length, root biomass, root volume. Application of M2 (vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1 ) orM3 (goat manure @ 5 t ha-1 ) and fertilizer dose of 100% RDF (120-60-40) resulted in higher root length, root biomass,root volume and root-shoot ratio.Not Availabl