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No full textNot AvailableAnthocyanins, considered as prebiotic ingredients for functional foods, were extracted from black soybean (BS), black grape (BG), black carrot (BCPm), and black rice (BR) using conventional solvent extraction (CSE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The study employed a split-plot design with CSE and MAE as main plot factors and anthocyanin extracts (AEs) as subplot factors. Anthocyanins were evaluated for stability (polymeric color, degradation index) and functionality (antioxidant capacity). Prebiotic potential on Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Weissella confusa was assessed in fermented soymilk. MAE showed higher extraction yield than CSE in BG (3-fold), BS (2-fold), BCPm (1.2-fold), and BR (1.6-fold). Black grape (1255.76 mg/L) and black soybean (976.5 mg/L) had highest anthocyanin with better stability, functionality, and prebiotic potential. The SCFA concentration (propionic acid and butyric acid) increased significantly in BG fortified-fermented soymilk. Overall, anthocyanin-enriched soymilk exhibited higher prebiotic potential, with MAE as the superior extraction method for anthocyanin functionality and stability.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableBiofouling in aquaculture cages is a potential problem and its management become major concern to the
planners and farmers. The study aimed to modify the surface of polyethylene aquaculture cage nets using organo
silane and to evaluate the effectiveness of a nano CuO:TiO2-carbon dot biocide treatment in inhibiting marine
biofouling through photocatalytic action. Polyethylene aquaculture cage net surface modified using organo
silane and the surface embedded with biocide of nano CuO:TiO2 and carbon dot (CD) derived from fish eye. The
biocide-treated surface was characterized using UV–Visible and Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometry. The
organo silane interacts with polyethylene via hydrogen bonding, CuO:TiO2 interacts with the silane’s Si, and the
carbon dots’ conjugated C––
C bonds interact with the transition metal and silane through van der Waals electrostatic
forces and hydrogen bonding. Varied concentrations of CuO:TiO2 and CD was coated sequentially over
silane surface modified polyethylene, exposed in the marine environment to evaluate biofouling inhibition efficiency
and found 0.05% each of CuO:TiO2 and CD was optimum. The CuO:TiO2–CD coated polyethylene cage
net tested for its biofouling inhibition for 8 months in marine environment and exhibited excellent biofouling
inhibition. The inhibition of biofouling was attributed to the enhanced photocatalytic action, resulting from
increased electron-hole recombination, thus generating ROS, O2٠, and OH٠ radicals. This led to the highest
electronic activity around the cage net and also the formation of an acidic environment deterred microorganisms.
The study highlighted the use of organo silane for surface modification of polyalkenes to load the biocide and
also CuO:TiO2–CD is a potential biocide for biofouling inhibition in aquaculture cages.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableAgricultural and industrial experimentation may often witness the effect of systematic trend. Trend effects, though remote, may still influence the response under consideration. The incorporation of trend effects in the model thus paves the way for proper model specification. Completely trend robust block designs, which are commonly known as trend-free block designs, are an important class of block designs in such a way that the analysis can be done in the usual manner as it could be done in case of normal block designs due to orthogonal nature of trend effects and treatment effects. This article deals with the construction of some classes of completely trend robust i.e. trend free constant block sum partially balanced incomplete block (TFCBS-PBIB) designs along with characterization properties. SAS macros have also been developed and made available in public domain to provide readymade solutions to the end-users.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe variety, rootstock, climate, soil and aging are some of the factors which determine the quality of
wine. Good quality wine examined by smell, balancing components, intensity, depth and finishing.
Rootstock-scion interactions induce different responses to grapevine physiology and consequently to
wine composition. This study aimed to the effect of eight rootstocks (Dogridge, 110R, 140Ru, 1103P,
101.14MGT, SO4, Fercal and Gravesac) on Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) wine quality. The flavonoid,
anthocyanin and DPPH radical scavenging activity was significantly higher in wine from CS/1103P
and phenol was highest in wine from CS/Gravesac. The sensory evaluation of CS/140Ru and CS/1103P
wine received greater acceptance based on visual, aromatic and palate descriptors. The information
generated will be useful in selecting ideal rootstock for Cabernet Sauvignon vine for the production of
best quality wines under sub-tropical climate.Not Availabl
Physiological and biochemical responses of garden pea genotypes under reproductive stage heat stress
No full textNot AvailableHigh temperature causes several morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in crop plants, and garden pea is highly sensitive to a higher temperature than other legume crops. This study assessed garden pea genotypes' physiological and biochemical responses during a reproductive stage in regular and heat stress season at the Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi (India). Forty-five garden pea genotypes, including 15 tolerant, 15 moderately tolerant, and 15 susceptible genotypes, were analyzed for three physiological, six biochemical, and 11 quantitative morphological traits under regular and heat stress seasons. Our results showed a considerable decrease in leaf water content, greenness index, and membrane stability index in heat stress season and a substantial increase in malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and antioxidant enzymes in heat stress season compared to the regular season. The 15 heat-tolerant genotypes showed a significant increase in antioxidant enzymes compared to the 15 heat-susceptible genotypes, which impart thermotolerance by scavenging reactive oxygen species generated in high-temperature stress conditions. Further, correlation and biplot analysis of morpho-physiological and biochemical traits indicated that physiological and biochemical traits were important in determining yield and related traits under heat stress conditions in garden pea genotypes. Thus, estimating critical physiological and biochemical traits could facilitate in differentiating thermotolerant genotypes from susceptible genotypes in garden peas and aid in heat-tolerant breeding programs of similar cool-season legume crops.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe General Crop Estimation Survey (GCES) scheme requires a large number of Crop Cutting Experiments (CCEs) to be conducted to get a reliable estimate below the district level. However, conducting a large number of CCEs imposes a financial burden on Govt. agencies. Additionally, largescale surveys like GCES often result in many outlier observations in the CCE data. To address this issue,this study was conducted to estimate the yield rate of cotton with a relatively fewer number of CCEs than the GCES scheme using the proposed Outlier Robust Geographically Weighted Regression (ORGWR) approach. Validation of the proposed methodology was done using the real CCE dataset of Amravati district for the 2012-13 agriculture year in Maharashtra. In this approach,the number of CCEs conducted for GCES scheme was reduced, and then this reduced number of the CCEs can be predicted using the proposed ORGWR approach. The predicted CCEs and the incomplete CCEs data are then combined to form a complete dataset. This complete dataset is used to calculate the crop yield accurately. The study conducted a comparison between the ORGWR approach and GCES methodology for estimating the average yield of cotton. The results showed that the ORGWR approach, when used with a lesser number of CCEs, yielded estimates that were almost equivalent to those obtained using the GCES methodology with the complete dataset. Moreover, the standard error of the estimate was reliable, indicating the validity of the results.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableActivities and achievements of ICAR-ATARI Kolkata during the year 2023Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThis livestock disease forewarning bulletin predicts the occurrence of livestock diseases at district level, two months in advance so as to enable the state Animal Husbandry departments to take necessary preventive measures.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableRandom roving survey was carried out for the incidence and relative abundance of different rice stem borers in
three coastal districts viz., Vizianagaram, Srikakulam and Nellore of Andhra Pradesh, India during Kharif 2021. The damage
was quantified through the dead hearts and white ears symptoms and species through a destructive sampling of the infested
tillers. The survey revealed the occurrence of three different species of rice stem borers viz., Yellow stem borer (YSB),
Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker), Pink stem borer (PSB), Sesamia inferens (Walker), and Gold fringed stem borer (GFSB)
Chilo auricilius (Dudgeon). The damage by stem borers ranged from 10.91 to 14.70 per cent in the surveyed mandals of
Srikakulam (Amadalavalasa, Srikakulam and Seethampeta), Vizianagarm (Merakamudidam, Therlam and Garividi) and Nellore
(Venkatagiri, Nellore and Dakkili) districts of Andhra Pradesh. Among the stem borers, YSB was the most predominant
species, with 84.26 per cent followed by GFSB with 12.41 per cent in Srikakulam and Vizianagaram districts. A high incidence
of GFSB, Chilo auricilius (80 %) was noticed in Seethampeta mandal in Srikakulam district, which is a hilly area where
sugarcane is grown predominantly. In Nellore district, yellow stem borer is the only species prevalent where mono-cropping
and staggered planting of rice throughout the year is practiced where low PSB incidence (3.33 %) was recorded in Venkatagiri
mandal of Nellore district. This study clearly brings out the variation in the abundance of rice stem borer complex prevailing in
rice-based cropping systems in different districts of Andhra Pradesh.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe Himalayan region is a most fragile ecosystem globally. Trees make up around 90 % of the global biomass carbon pool and previous studies have shown that tree carbon balance cannot be easily assessed by conventional methods. Considering trees as a backbone of the forest ecosystem, present study assessed the heterogeneity in tree carbon density using field-inventoried data and NDVI-based modelling with Sentinel 2 A imagery on Google Earth Engine. The specific aim of the study was to assess the spatial distribution of tree carbon density in the Darjeeling Himalayas using Sentinel 2 A. The object-based classification of forest area using a random forest algorithm showed a high accuracy (Kappa coefficient value of 0.92, OOB error 0.17). The regression model using NDVI as a predictor of tree carbon demonstrated a good fit (R2 = 0.78) for predicting tree carbon density. Validation results show high accuracy of the regression model in predicting tree carbon density with a low RMSE of 9.39 Mg ha 1 (R2 = 0.80, % RMSE = 11.55 %). The classification of tree carbon density into five classes revealed that a significant proportion of the forest area (57.05 %) falls under moderate carbon density (50–75 Mg ha 1). In Darjeeling Himalayas, majority of forests are under the carbon density between 50 and 75 Mg ha 1. Improvement and conservation efforts must be directed for very low carbon density (01–25 Mg ha 1) areas covering 0.05 %, and high carbon density (75–100 Mg ha 1) covering 36.22 % of the forest area, respectively, to balance the overall carbon storage potential of the region.Not Availabl