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No full textNot AvailableShark is a seafood commodity that is a good source of minerals and accumulates heavy metals and trace elements
through biomagnification, which can pose health risk if taken above the permissible limit. A study was conducted
on commonly landed eleven shark species (Scoliodon laticaudus, Rhizopriodon oligolinx, Sphyrna lewini (CR),
Carcharhinus macloti, Carcharinus limbatus, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides, Carcharhinus sorrah, Carcharinus falciformes(
VU), Glaucostegus granulatus, Chiloscyllium arabicum, Loxodon macrorhinus) and analyzed for their heavy
metal content, Hazard Index, Total Hazard Quotient, Metal Pollution Index, and also calculated the health risk
associated with the consumption. Most of the heavy metals and trace minerals were found to be within the
acceptable limit. The Targeted Hazard Quotient (THQ) and the Hazard Index (HI) of all the species except two
were less than 1 (HI ≤ 1.0). The Metal Pollution Index (MPI) is showing either no impact or very low
contamination. An overall study on hazard identification and health risk characterization in terms of heavy
metals shows contamination of some heavy metals in sharks, but there is no potential human health risk associated
with consumption.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableGuava (Psidium guajava L.) is an important fruit crop in the tropical and sub-tropical world. The morphological, biochemical, and molecular (using 56 microsatellite markers) characterization was carried out on 18 guava genotypes and related species (P. guineense) during 2018–2022. The present study exhibited a wider range of variability: fruit weight (61.5–68.4 g); fruit diameter (4.20–7.91 cm); total soluble solids (8.50–13.40 °Brix); titrable acidity (0.20–0.64%); reducing sugar (2.55–7.00 mg glucose /g); ascorbic acid (76.4–196.3 mg/100 g); total phenol (125.9–305.4 mg GAE/100 g pulp); and total flavonoid content (172.30–948.5 mg QE/100 g pulp). The antioxidant activities (FRAP and DPPH) showed a favorable relationship with ascorbic acid, total phenol, total flavonoid, and total flavonol content. Red-fleshed genotypes were found superior for all the quality parameters over white-fleshed genotypes. The molecular analysis generated 213 alleles from 56 markers, with 2–9 alleles per locus (mean = 3.80). Apart from the genetic diversity, the improved cultivars were also distinguished by a set of markers: RCGH-4 (mPGCIR-184 and mPGCIR-194); RCGH-1 (mPGCIR-108 and mPGCIR-243); RCG-11 (mPGCIR-206 and mPGCIR-325); and RCGH-7 (mPGCIR-16 and mPGCIR-19). The cluster analysis indicated that P. guineense was the most diverse of the cultivated species, and all the red flesh genotypes were close to each other. Furthermore, RCG-11 had a lower seed content (58.89 per 100 g pulp), while RCGH-1 and RCGH-4 were stable for fruit weight and seed number, which can be promoted for commercial production and future crop improvement programs.Not Availabl
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No full textThe article discusses various applications of AI in agriculture sector as well as the hurdles in utilizing AI to its full potential.Not availableNot Availabl
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No full textNot AvailablePolyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are abundant in fish oil, easily oxidise. Therefore, stabilisation is necessary, preferably through encapsulation and the addition of antioxidants. This research looked on multiple emulsification for PUFA-rich fish oil by utilising a wall material (whey protein and chitosan) and an antioxidant (betalain) combination. Spray-dried, microparticles filled with PUFA were successfully created (80% yield) and characterised. It was determined that the emulsion droplet size was 0.917 μm. Good oxidative stability was observed after 4 weeks of storage, as evidenced by a moderate (4%) drop in EPA and DHA content and a low peroxide value (PV) of 4.8 ± 0.23 meq/kg oil in microparticles. Microencapsulation of PUFA-rich fish oil was successfully accomplished using multiple emulsion technology, as evidenced by encapsulation efficiency values of 87.73 ± 0.21% and loading efficiency values of 67 ± 0.11%. These results suggest that structurally stabilised healthful lipids could be added to foods using these innovative emulsions, which provide greater stability and versatility for a wide variety of uses.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThis livestock disease forewarning bulletin forecast the livestock disease occurrence two months in advance and communicated to the state Animal husbandary departments for taking necessary action.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableAgriculture is a major part of the economy in the majority of developing and third world nations. An accurate and well-timed crop yield prediction will not only help in crop management, crop insurance but will also facilitate policy and decision-makers to frame apt strategies and policies regarding food security to combat hunger and eventually achieve zero hunger, one of the most important Sustainable Development Goals. Over the past decades, crop yield has been predicted through mathematical, statistical, and survey-based models. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, and Deep learning methods could be a potential replacement to statistical modelling, because it produces precise results and can handle complexity and nonlinearity in data much more effectively. There are several fields in agriculture in which remote sensing can be advantageous, viz. crop yield forecasting, soil property detection, crop type classification, and meteorological data assessment. This chapter provides a framework of the existing methodologies of crop yield prediction and aims to describe the recent crop yield prediction techniques based on artificial intelligence and remote sensing approaches. It also focuses on the potential advantages of artificial intelligence methods on crop yield prediction at field and regional levels.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableLodging resistance in rice is a complex trait determined by culm morphological and culm physical strength traits, and these traits are a major determinant of yield. We made a detailed analysis of various component traits with the aim of deriving optimized parameters for measuring culm strength. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS)-based genome-wide association study (GWAS) was employed among 181 genotypes for dissecting the genetic control of culm strength traits. The VanRaden kinship algorithm using 6,822 filtered single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealed the presence of two sub-groups within the association panel with kinship values concentrated at<0.5 level, indicating greater diversity among the genotypes. A wide range of phenotypic variation and high heritability for culm strength and yield traits were observed over two seasons, as reflected in best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) estimates. The multi-locus model for GWAS resulted in the identification of 15 highly significant associations (p< 0.0001) for culm strength traits. Two novel major effect marker–trait associations (MTAs) for section modulus and bending stress were identified on chromosomes 2 and 12 with a phenotypic variance of 21.87% and 10.14%, respectively. Other MTAs were also noted in the vicinity of previously reported putative candidate genes for lodging resistance, providing an opportunity for further research on the biochemical basis of culm strength. The quantitative trait locus (QTL) hotspot identified on chromosome 12 with the synergistic association for culm strength trait (section modulus, bending stress, and internode breaking weight) and grain number can be considered a novel genomic region that can serve a dual purpose of enhancing culm strength and grain yield. Elite donors in the indica background with beneficial alleles of the identified major QTLs could be a valuable resource with greater significance in practical plant breeding programs focusing on improving lodging resistance in riceThe research was conducted as part of ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR-IIRR)- Institute/IRC Project-GEY/CI/BR/25: “Broadening the genetic base of indica rice and modify plant type by introgressing traits from Tropical japonica” and funding support from ICAR-IIRR and DBT project BT/PR32853/AGIII/103/1159/2019- “Development of Haplotype based Near Isogenic Lines (Haplo-NILs) for Enhanced Genetic Gain in Rice”
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No full textNot AvailableThe study was done to optimize the steam blanching of shrimp
(Metapenaeus dobsoni) for drying purposes. Response surface methodology
was used to study the interaction effects of salt concentration and blanching
time on drying rate, shrinkage, rehydration ratio, redness index, chewiness,
and salt content of shrimp. The optimized steam blanching conditions were
salt concentration: 0.5% and blanching time: 2 min. The experimental values
were validated with the predicted values using the mean relative percent
deviation modulus (%P) for drying rate, shrinkage, rehydration ratio, redness
index, chewiness, and salt content of shrimp and was found to be 0.06, 2.62,
2.25, 8.55, 5.45, and 1.72, respectively.Not Availabl
Nutrient management in ber (cv Seo) based agri-horti system.
No full textGrowth and production data of ber