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No full textNot AvailableIrrigation of rice using groundwater is considered one of the main contributors
to north-west India's declining water level. The present study hypothesizes that
zero-till direct seeding of rice (ZTDSR) with the optimum irrigation schedule
may reduce irrigation compared to puddled transplanted rice (PTR). Crop
growth stage-dependent predefined soil matric potential (SMP), that is, 15,
30 and 45 kPa based irrigation schedules either during the entire growing
period or their combinations during the vegetative phase in ZTDSR, were com pared with PTR for two consecutive seasons. The results showed that irrigation
in ZTDSR at lower SMP at any growth stage caused adverse effects on yield.
Irrigation at 15 kPa during the entire crop season with straw mulch was
found to be the best schedule for ZTDSR. ZTDSR with 15 kPa irrigation,
however, saved 36.2 cm of water and recorded higher water productivity but
produced 20% less grain yield over the prevailing PTR. A higher groundwater
system loss (GWSL) was found in the PTR (29.2 cm) than in the best ZTDSR
(23.6 cm) schedule, which indicates better groundwater management in the
ZTDSR than in the PTR. Hence, the ZTDSR has the potential to save irrigation,
achieve higher water productivity and manage the depletion of groundwater
resources in rice–wheat dominant north-west India.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableActinobacteria are gram positive and filamentous, is one of the dominant bacterial group and are of great economic importance. Actinobacteria are important sources of major bioactive compounds such as antibiotics, antifungals, immunosuppressants, antiviral, antitumor compounds, and enzymes. Streptomyces, one of the best characterized genus of the Actinomycetes and diverse with more than 600 species, is responsible for the synthesis of the twothird of the known active biomolecules. The genomes of the actinobacteria contains large gene clusters termed as biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) accountable for the synthesis of the secondary metabolites and most of the BGCs which are silent under the laboratory conditions are treasure sources of novel biomolecules. Here we review the important biosynthetic pathways underlying the synthesis of secondary metabolites.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe weight of liver in. tuna varies from 1.1 to 2.0% of total body weight. Soluble protein concentrate (SPC) from tuna liver was prepared using papain. SPC contained 10.8% total N and 4.3% α - armino N. The results showed that the peptone, beef extract, yeast extract and glucose were well substituted by a single ingredient i.e. SPC at 2.5% level (medium 7) to get identical growth of sulphite reducing Clostridia (SRC), compared to the same in differential reinforced clostridial medium (DRCM) at 37°C. During the study on the quality of seawater and fresh water samples by most probable number (MPN) method, it was found that medium 7 with SPC and DRCM gave similar result.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableEstimation of pan evaporation (Epan) can be useful in judicious irrigation scheduling for enhancing agricultural water productivity. The aim of present study was to assess the efficacy of state-of-the-art LSTM and ANN for daily Epan estimation using meteorological data. Besides this, the effect of static time-series (Julian date) as additional input variable was investigated on performance of soft-computing techniques. For this purpose, the models were trained, tested and validated with eight meteorological variables of 37 years by using preceding 1-, 3- and 5- days’ information. Data were partitioned into three groups as training (60%), testing (20%), and validation (20%) components. It was observed that the models performed well (best) with preceding 5-days meteorological information followed by 3-days and 1-day. However, all LSTMs simulated peak value of Epan was more accurate as compared to lower values. Meteorological data with julian date improved the performance of LSTMs (0.75<NSE 1; PBias< 10; KGE 0.75). The ANN trained using only meteorological data (preceding 5-days information) had better performance error statistics among all other ANNs and LSTMs with minimum MAE (0.68 to 0.86), RMSE (0.93 to 1.22), PBias (-0.73 to 2.44) and maximum NSE (0.83 to 0.84) and KGE (0.89 to 0.92). Overall, it was inferred that the forecasting of meteorological parameters using a few days preceding information along with Julian date as the time series variables resulted in better estimation of Epan for the study region.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableIn the modern era, intensive agricultural practices such as agrochemicals are applied in excessive amounts to enhance agricultural production. However, imbalanced adoption of these chemicals has arisen in the dwindling of agriculture factor productivity and soil quality. To maintain soil fertility and production, these chemical fertilizers must be supplemented with organic inputs. Keeping this in the backdrop, a research trail was established during 2018–19 and 2019–20 years at Research Farm of Agriculture University, Kota, India. The treatment setup was comprised of 5 treatment modules viz., conservation tillage + organic management (CAOM), conservation tillage + chemical management (CACM), conventional tillage + chemical management (CTCM), conventional tillage + organic management (CTOM) and the package of practices (PoPs) with four replications. Results indicated that the highest organic carbon (0.68%), bacterial (29.11 × 107 cfu g−1), fungal (4.77 × 104 cfu g−1), actinomycetes populations (5.67 × 104 cfu g−1), acid phosphatase (44.1 µg g−1 h−1), urease (45.3 µg g−1 h−1) and dehydrogenase (23.3 µg triphenylformazan [TPF] g−1 h−1) activity in soil were found in the treatment of conservation organic system during both the years of study at each soil depth. In contrast to other parameters, the highest system productivity was observed with conservation chemical crop management approaches, with a soybean equivalent yield of 4615 kg ha−1 in a soybean–wheat system of production. Furthermore, the soil quality index (SQI) significantly varied from the lowest score (0.30) at 45–60 cm layer of soil in the package of practices to the highest score (0.92) at 0–15 cm layer of soil with regards to the conservation organic which shows, 206.67 percent enhancement through the soil profile of various crop management practices. The SQI variation from 0–15 to 45–60 cm soil depth was 130.0, 81.08, 60.0, 175.0 and 83.33 percent, respectively, for CAOM, CACM, CTCM, CTOM and PoPs. Amongst, different systems, the highest mean performance was noticed under the conservation organic systems for physical and biological properties. Hence, in line with the salient outcome, we may propose that the conservation chemical system needs to be followed to improve crop productivity, whereas, conservation organic seems a good option for soil health with long-term viability.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableA tri-hierarchical incomplete block (TriHIB) design is defined as an arrangement of v equi-replicated treatments in three levels of blocking such that each block of the first level contains m1 blocks of second level and that of
second level contains m2 blocks of the third level. Every level of a TriHIB design, treated independently, is an incomplete block design (IBD) and ignoring any one level of blocking, results into a bi-hierarchical incomplete
block (BiHIB) design. Here, two general methods of construction of TriHIB designs are proposed. In the first method, popular association schemes (viz., triangular, Latin square and rectangular) of partially balanced IBDs
have been used for developing three series of designs with equal/unequal block sizes at higher levels of blocking. Second method yields another series of designs, through cyclic development of two initial sequences, with equal block sizes at first two levels and equal/unequal block sizes at the third level of blocking. A list of parameters of TriHIB designs for number of treatments up to 30 is presented, along with efficiency factors. Further, for easy accessibility and wider adaptability of these designs, an R package ‘Tri.Hierarchical.IBDs’ has been developed for the generation of the proposed designs.Not Availabl
