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Anther-derived microspore embryogenesis in pepper hybrids orobelle and Bomby
No full textNot AvailableBackground
Traditional breeding methods have long been employed worldwide for the evaluation and development of pepper cultivars. However, these methods necessitate multiple generations of screening, line development, evaluation, recognition, and crossing to obtain highly homozygous lines. In contrast, in vitro anther-derived microspore culture represents a rapid method to generate homozygous lines within a single generation. In the present study, we have optimized a protocol for microspore embryogenesis from anther cultures of pepper hybrids Orobelle and Bomby.
Results
We achieved early and successful embryo formation from both genotypes by subjecting the buds to a cold pretreatment at 4 °C for 4 days. Our optimized culture medium, comprised of MS medium supplemented with 4 mg/L NAA, 1 mg/L BAP, 0.25% activated charcoal, 2.6 g/L gelrite, 30 g/L sucrose, and 15 mg/L silver nitrate, exhibited the highest efficiency in embryo formation (1.85% and 1.46%) for Orobelle and Bomby, respectively. Furthermore, successful plant regeneration from the anther derived microspore embryos was accomplished using half-strength MS medium fortified with 2% sucrose and 0.1 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), solidified with 2.6 g/L gelrite. The ploidy status of the microspore-derived plantlets was analyzed using flow cytometry technique. Notably, the haploid plants exhibited distinct characteristics such as reduced plant height, leaf length, leaf width, and shorter internode length when compared to their diploid counterparts derived from seeds.
Conclusion
Our findings highlight the potential of anther culture and microspore embryogenesis as an advanced method for accelerating pepper breeding programs, enabling the rapid production of superior homozygous lines.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableRandom roving survey was carried out for the incidence and relative abundance of different rice stem borers in
three coastal districts viz., Vizianagaram, Srikakulam and Nellore of Andhra Pradesh, India during Kharif 2021. The damage
was quantified through the dead hearts and white ears symptoms and species through a destructive sampling of the infested
tillers. The survey revealed the occurrence of three different species of rice stem borers viz., Yellow stem borer (YSB),
Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker), Pink stem borer (PSB), Sesamia inferens (Walker), and Gold fringed stem borer (GFSB)
Chilo auricilius (Dudgeon). The damage by stem borers ranged from 10.91 to 14.70 per cent in the surveyed mandals of
Srikakulam (Amadalavalasa, Srikakulam and Seethampeta), Vizianagarm (Merakamudidam, Therlam and Garividi) and Nellore
(Venkatagiri, Nellore and Dakkili) districts of Andhra Pradesh. Among the stem borers, YSB was the most predominant
species, with 84.26 per cent followed by GFSB with 12.41 per cent in Srikakulam and Vizianagaram districts. A high incidence
of GFSB, Chilo auricilius (80 %) was noticed in Seethampeta mandal in Srikakulam district, which is a hilly area where
sugarcane is grown predominantly. In Nellore district, yellow stem borer is the only species prevalent where mono-cropping
and staggered planting of rice throughout the year is practiced where low PSB incidence (3.33 %) was recorded in Venkatagiri
mandal of Nellore district. This study clearly brings out the variation in the abundance of rice stem borer complex prevailing in
rice-based cropping systems in different districts of Andhra Pradesh.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe study investigated fish consumption patterns and consumer perceptions in Kerala, focusing on coastal and inland districts during 2020. Using a sample of 396 households from four districts and employing suitable tests, the study reveals significant disparities in monthly and per capita fish consumption, with coastal areas displaying higher rates. The majority of consumers hold a moderate perception of nutritional and health benefits, indicating a need for targeted health awareness programs. Coastal and inland consumers differ significantly in their perceptions, with coastal residents demonstrating greater awareness of dietary advantages, while inland consumers express resignation to lower quality due to supply chain limitations. Urban consumers exhibit an optimistic health perception, contrasting with rural concerns about certification systems and government inefficiencies in ensuring safe fish. The study emphasizes the necessity for customized information dissemination and awareness programs to address the diverse concerns of fish consumers in Kerala.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableIndian mustard (Brassica juncea L) constitutes a new host record for Alternaria citri Ellis & Pears (NFCCI 2704)
fungus in India and worldwide. At the outset during 2011-12, leaves of Indian mustard (B. juncea) cultivar Varuna were found infected with yellow leaf spots and these were also observed in succeeding years upto 2022-23 in rapeseed-mustard fields in Bharatpur, India.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThis article delves into the transformative role of Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs), operating under the aegis of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), in elevating the socio-economic status of farmers across India. As integral component of the National Agricultural Research System (NARS), KVKs serve as dynamic knowledge and resource centres, focused on the assessment, refinement, and dissemination of location-specific agricultural technologies. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) portal, developed by the ICAR, designed to provide farmers with a plethora of resources and services stands out as a beacon of innovation. Through on-farm demonstrations, technology assessments, and capacity-building programme, KVKs facilitate to empower farmers with the latest advancements in agriculture. The collaborative efforts of KVKs with public, private, and voluntary sectors underscore their comprehensive approach to improve the agricultural economy at the district level. The current arcticle explores the multifaceted functions of KVKs, emphasizing their pivotal role in connecting research initiatives with the extension system and farmers. Moreover, this arcticle serves as a comprehensive exploration of how KVKs, as catalysts for agricultural innovation, contribute to the holistic betterment of farmers and the sustainable development of Indian agriculture.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableWomen in agriculture even though they play a primary role in most of the activities are
facing obstacles such as gender norms, lower literacy rates, and lower income, all of which
contribute to their limited access to technological advancements such as digital agricultural
services. Digital technologies have the potential to support women in agriculture by
facilitating their access to markets and services, enhancing their economic well-being, and
empowering them to make informed decisions. Moreover, women farmers face a lot of
challenges to access these digital solutions. The potential strategies for scaling the access to
digital agricultural services especially in the agricultural value chains have been outlined in
this article to help stakeholder design capacity building programs for women farmersNot Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableAsiatic hard clam (Meretrix meretrix) is an underutilized bivalve resource. This study discusses dried clam powders prepared from this resource to enhance its utilization and improve nutritional security in protein-deficient populations. Dried clam powder was prepared from Asiatic hard clam and the effects of different pre-cooking methods (boil-dried clam powder, BDCP; steam-dried clam powder, SDCP; and microwave-dried clam powder, MDCP) on nutritional (proximate composition, amino acid profiling, mineral profiling, fatty acid profiling) and physicochemical qualities were investigated.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableIn biological and life sciences, including fields like agriculture and medicine, we frequently encounter data with repeated measures. Repeated measures indicate that measurements have been taken on the same individual unit multiple times, either over time or across space. If a population contains repeated measures, there will necessarily be correlation within that population. Analyzing data with a repeated measures structure requires special consideration because it can invalidate standard analysis of variance techniques. This project investigates a prediction approach that has not been previously explored in the presence of intraclass correlation within the population. In this study, we attempt to predict the population total by drawing samples from a repeated measures population using Probability Proportional to Size with Replacement (PPSWR). The prediction approach outlined by Brewer (1963) and Royall (1970) is employed. The estimates of variance (σ²) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ρ) are obtained through analysis of variance (ANOVA) by fitting a one-way random effects model and equating the mean squares (MS) to the expected mean squares (EMS).Not Availabl