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No full textNot AvailableA sensor-based performance monitoring system was developed to monitor and measure the various critical performance parameter of a tractor implement system. It includes the real-time measurement of tractor forward speed, wheel slip, three-point linkage force, implement draft and tractor stability during field operations. The sensors comprised of hall sensor, load cell and a gyro sensor. The microcontroller received the data from various sensors, process the data as per the developed control algorithm to calculate the parameters and displays it on the LCD screen near the tractor operator as well as records the data on the SD card. An alarming system was also included to warn the operator using a buzzer whenever the value of the parameters exceeds the optimum range. The performance of the developed system was evaluated in various field conditions along with varying operational conditions like engine RPM, forward speed and implement depth for three different tractor-implement combinations. The wheel slip measured with the developed system was found to be 96.64 per cent accurate as compared to the manual measured slip. The draft measured using the developed system was validated with a calibrated spring balance and found to be very accurate (R2 = 0.99). The developed system was able to monitor, record and display the value of the parameters with a high degree of precision. It is very accurate, affordable and can be mounted on any tractor-implement system. It can be also used as a decision support system during field operations.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe tribe Noviini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is economically important as its members are mainly predators of giant scales belonging to the family Monophlebidae and occasionally, mealybugs (Pseudococcidae). At present, 17 species of the tribe, all belonging to the sole recognized genus Novius Mulsant, are known from the Indian region. An illustrated account of the Indian species of Novius is presented here with brief diagnostic accounts, illustrations of the genitalia and details on the distribution, host insects and associated host plants. Life stages of the species are also illustrated wherever available. An updated checklist of Novius species of the Indian subcontinent is provided.Not Availabl
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No full textChapter 6 of training manual "ISO 22000/HACCP for fish processing establishments"Not AvailableNot Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableN6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is a major RNA epigenetic regulatory mechanism. The dynamics of m6A levels in viral genomic RNA and their mRNAs have been shown to have either pro- or antiviral functions, and therefore, m6A modifications influence virus-host interactions. Currently, no reports are available on the effect of m6A modifications in the genome of Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). In the present study, we took PPRV as a model for nonsegmented negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses and elucidate the role of m6A modification on viral replication. We detected m6A-modified sites in the mRNA of the virus and host cells, as well as the PPRV RNA genome. Further, it was found that the level of m6A modification in host cells alters the viral gene expression. Knockdown of the METTL3 and FTO genes (encoding the m6A RNA modification writer and eraser proteins, respectively) results in alterations of the levels of m6A RNA modifications in the host cells. Experiments using these genetically modified clones of host cells infected with PPRV revealed that both higher and lower m6A RNA modification in the host cells negatively affect PPRV replication. We found that m6A-modified viral transcripts had better stability and translation efficiency compared to the unmodified mRNA. Altogether, from these data, we conclude that the m6A modification of RNA regulates PPRV replication. These findings contribute toward a way forward for developing novel antiviral strategies against PPRV by modulating the dynamics of host m6A RNA modificationDBT/Wellcome Trust India Alliance (grant no. IA/E/17/1/503689 awarded to B.S.
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No full textNot AvailableRNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are essential for post-transcriptional gene regulation in eukaryotes, including splicing control, mRNA transport and decay. Thus, accurate identification of RBPs is important to understand gene expression and regulation of cell state. In order to detect RBPs, a number of computational models have been developed. These methods made use of datasets from several eukaryotic species, specifically from mice and humans. Although some models have been tested on Arabidopsis, these techniques fall short of correctly identifying RBPs for other plant species. Therefore, the development of a powerful computational model for identifying plant-specific RBPs is needed. In this study, we presented a novel computational model for locating RBPs in plants. Five deep learning models and ten shallow learning algorithms were utilized for prediction with 20 sequence-derived and 20 evolutionary feature sets. The highest repeated five-fold cross-validation accuracy, 91.24% AU-ROC and 91.91% AU-PRC, was achieved by light gradient boosting machine. While evaluated using an independent dataset, the developed approach achieved 94.00% AU-ROC and 94.50% AU-PRC. The proposed model achieved significantly higher accuracy for predicting plant-specific RBPs as compared to the currently available state-of-art RBP prediction models. Despite the fact that certain models have already been trained and assessed on the model organism Arabidopsis, this is the first comprehensive computer model for the discovery of plant-specific RBPs. The web server RBPLight was also developed, which is publicly accessible at https://iasri-sg.icar.gov.in/rbplight/, for the convenience of researchers to identify RBPs in plants.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailablePurpose In the present study, gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) prevalence in sheep and goats from India was estimated by scientometrics.
Methods The GIP prevalence studies (86) reported during 1998–2021 was obtained from online databases, and offline literatures, meta-analysis was undertaken by using “meta” package in R-Software.
Results The pooled GIP prevalence in India was 65% (95% level CI 56–74%, PI 12–96%) in sheep, 74% (95% level CI 66–80%, PI 14–98%) in goats and 68% (95% level CI 62–73%, PI 15–96%) in sheep and goats. Period-wise analysis revealed a higher GIP prevalence during 1998–2010 than the recent periods. Among the zones, GIP prevalence was higher in the Central zone (79%) in sheep, North zone (82%) in goats, and Central zone (78%) in sheep and goats. Based on the state-wise analysis, a higher GIP prevalence was observed in Haryana for sheep, Himachal Pradesh for goats, and Uttarakhand for sheep and goats. In India, a higher prevalence was reported by nematodes than other parasite classes. Based on climatic regions, a higher GIP prevalence was observed in semi-arid Steppe type region (84%).
Conclusion The high prevalence zones, states, species, sample types, parasite classes, parasite species and climate regions of GIP will be useful in decision-making and resource use efficiency by policymakers and stake holders. There is an urgent
need to prevent the occurrence of GIP infections in sheep and goats by adopting scientific management practices, effective therapeutic measures, and hygienic practices on farms to augment the economic benefits to sheep and goat farmers in India.NICRA Projec
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No full textChapter 3 of training manual "ISO 22000/HACCP for fish processing establishments"Not AvailableNot Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious viral disease of high economic importance, caused by FMD virus (FMDV), a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus, affecting cloven-hoofed animals. Preventive vaccination using inactivated virus is in practice to control the disease in many endemic countries. While the vaccination induces antibodies mainly to structural proteins, the presence of antibodies to the non-structural proteins (NSP) is suggestive of infection, a criterion for differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). Also, there is a growing demand for enhancing the stability of the FMD vaccine virus capsid antigen as the strength of the immune response is proportional to the amount of intact 146S particles in the vaccine. Considering the need for a DIVA compliant stable vaccine, here we report generation and rescue of a thermostable and negative marker virus FMDV serotype O (IND/R2/1975) containing a partial deletion in non-structural protein 3A, generated by reverse genetics approach. Immunization of guinea pigs with the inactivated thermostable-negative marker virus antigen induced 91% protective immune response. Additionally, a companion competitive ELISA (cELISA) targeting the deleted 3A region was developed, which showed 92.3% sensitivity and 97% specificity, at cut-off value of 36% percent inhibition. The novel thermostable-negative marker FMDV serotype O vaccine strain and the companion cELISA could be useful in FMDV serotype O enzootic countries to benefit the FMD control program. KEY POINTS: • Thermostable foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O with partial deletion in 3A. • Inactivated thermostable marker vaccine induced 91% protection in guinea pigs. • Companion cELISA based on deleted region in 3A could potentially facilitate DIVA.Not Availabl