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No full textNot AvailableAppropriate amino acid substitutions are critical for protein engineering to redesign catalytic properties of industrially important enzymes like lipases. The present study aimed for improving the environmental stability of lipase from Pseudomonas plecoglossicida S7 through site-directed mutagenesis driven by computational studies. lipA gene was amplified and sequenced. Both wild type (WT) and mutant type (MT) lipase genes were expressed into the pET SUMO system. The expressed proteins were purified and characterized for pH and thermostability. The lipase gene belonged to subfamily I.1 lipase. Molecular dynamics revealed that Y12F-palmitic acid complex had a greater binding affinity (-6.3 Kcal/mol) than WT (-6.0 Kcal/mol) complex. Interestingly, MDS showed that the binding affinity of WT-complex (-130.314 ± 15.11 KJ/mol) was more than mutant complex (-108.405 ± 69.376 KJ/mol) with a marked increase in the electrostatic energy of mutant (-26.969 ± 12.646 KJ/mol) as compared to WT (-15.082 ± 13.802 KJ/mol). Y12F mutant yielded 1.27 folds increase in lipase activity at 55 °C as compared to the purified WT protein. Also, Y12F mutant showed increased activity (~ 1.2 folds each) at both pH 6 and 10. P. plecoglossicida S7. Y12F mutation altered the kinetic parameters of MT (Km- 1.38 mM, Vmax- 22.32 µM/min) as compared to WT (Km- 1.52 mM, Vmax- 29.76 µM/min) thus increasing the binding affinity of mutant lipase. Y12F mutant lipase with better pH and thermal stability can be used in biocatalysis.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableFinger millet is a key food security crop widely grown in eastern Africa, India and Nepal. Long considered a ‘poor man’s crop’, finger millet has regained attention over the past decade for its climate resilience and the nutritional qualities of its grain. To bring finger millet breeding into the 21st century, here we present the assembly and annotation of a chromosome-scale reference genome. We show that this ~1.3 million years old allotetraploid has a high level of homoeologous gene retention and lacks subgenome dominance. Population structure is mainly driven by the differential presence of large wild segments in the pericentromeric regions of several chromosomes. Trait mapping, followed by variant analysis of gene candidates, reveals that loss of purple coloration of anthers and stigma is associated with loss-of-function mutations in the finger millet orthologs of the maize R1/B1 and Arabidopsis GL3/EGL3 anthocyanin regulatory genes. Proanthocyanidin production in seed is not affected by these gene knockouts.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableShrimp aquaculture, especially during the hatchery phase, is prone to economic losses due to infections caused by luminescent vibrios. In the wake of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria and the food safety requirements of farmed shrimp, aqua culturists are seeking alternatives to antibiotics for shrimp health management, and bacteriophages are fast emerging as natural and bacteria-specific antimicrobial agents. This study analyzed the whole genome of vibriophage-ϕLV6 that showed lytic activity against six luminescent vibrios isolated from the larval tanks of P. vannamei shrimp hatcheries. The Vibriophage-ϕLV6 genome was 79,862 bp long with 48% G+C content and 107 ORFs that coded for 31 predicted protein functions, 75 hypothetical proteins, and a tRNA. Pertinently, the vibriophage-ϕLV6 genome harbored neither AMR determinants nor virulence genes, indicating its suitability for phage therapy. There is a paucity of whole genome-based information on vibriophages that lyse luminescent vibrios, and this study adds pertinent data to the database of V. harveyi infecting phage genomes and, to our knowledge, is the first vibriophage genome report from India. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of vibriophage-ϕLV6 revealed an icosahedral head (~73 nm) and a long, flexible tail (~191 nm) suggesting siphovirus morphology. The vibriophage-ϕLV6 phage at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 80 inhibited the growth of luminescent V. harveyi at 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% salt gradients. In vivo experiments conducted with post-larvae of shrimp showed that vibriophage-ϕLV6 reduced luminescent vibrio counts and post-larval mortalities in the phage-treated tank compared to the bacteria-challenged tank, suggesting the potentiality of vibriophage-ϕLV6 as a promising candidate in treating luminescent vibriosis in shrimp aquaculture. The vibriophage-ϕLV6 survived for 30 days in salt (NaCl) concentrations ranging from 5 ppt to 50 ppt and was stable at 4 °C for 12 months.Not Availabl
Assessment of diagnostic accuracy and effectiveness of trans-abdominal real-time ultrasound imaging for pregnancy diagnosis in breeding sows reared under intensive management
No full textNot AvailableEarly and accurate determination of pregnancy is critical to optimum reproductive performance in pigs and enables farmers
to early rebreed or cull non-pregnant animals. Most of the conventional diagnostic methods are unsuitable for systematic
application under practical conditions. The advent of real-time ultrasonography has made it possible to establish relatively
more reliable pregnancy diagnosis. The present study was carried out to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and effectiveness of
trans-abdominal real-time ultrasound (RTU) imaging vis-à-vis pregnancy status in sows reared under intensive management.
Trans-abdominal ultrasonographic examinations were performed using a mechanical sector array transducer and portable
ultrasound system in crossbred sows from 20 days post-insemination for up to next 40 days. Animals were followed up for
subsequent reproductive performance with farrowing data used as the definitive test for deriving predictive values. Accuracy
for diagnosis was determined by diagnostic accuracy measures like sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood
ratios. Before 30 days of breeding, RTU imaging had 84.21% sensitivity and 75% specificity. Relatively higher false diagnosis
rates were obtained in animals checked at or before 55 days after AI than in animals checked after 55 days (21.73% versus
9.09%). Negative pregnancy rate was low with 29.16% (7/24) false positives. Overall sensitivity and specificity, using farrowing
history as the gold standard, were 94.74% and 70.83% respectively. The sensitivity of testing tended to be slightly
lower in sows with litter size of less than 8 total born piglets, compared to sows with 8 or more piglets. Overall positive
likelihood ratio was 3.25 while negative likelihood ratio was 0.07. The results indicate that pregnancy in swine herds can be
reliably detected earlier in gestation by 30 days post-insemination using trans-abdominal RTU imaging. This non-invasive
technique with portable imaging system can be used as an integral part of reproductive monitoring and sound management
practices for profitable swine production systems.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailablePre-milling treatments of pigeon pea are labour and time-intensive batch operation, which is a big
problem due to batch processing nature and results in excessive material handling, leading to increased
processing duration with low final product recovery and chances of contamination in the handling
process. For easy milling and to improve milling efficiency, pre-treatment of pigeon pea is required. So
far, only long and batch type pre-milling treatments have been developed, and no such continuous type
pre-milling treater is available for this purpose. Hence this study was undertaken to the developed system
of 10 kg/h capacity of continuous pre milling treater for pigeon pea was optimized for continuous
treatments of pigeon pea to determine the best treatment condition for maximizing dehulling yield and
dhal yield while minimizing the dehulling loss. The best condition was obtained for pigeon pea with 10%
moisture content treated with the microwave power level of 90% for about 1.5 min to achieve a dehulling
yield of 49.15%, dhal yield of 74.55%, dehulling loss of 7.67%. Thus, it is recommended that the
continuous pre-milling treatment is more suitable for pigeon pea processing and presents an improvised
short and continuous method for pre-milling treatments for commercial adoption.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableCommercial aquaculture has grownup manifold in the past four decades and is considered an important food-producing sector worldwide. However, the sector has received equal criticism for unplanned development and its impact on important coastal resources. Coastal aquaculture in India is regulated through the Coastal Aquaculture Authority Act 2005 with restrictions on land classes and mandatory buffer zone provisions. Hence aquaculture development can happen only in a permitted land class adhering to the regulations of the Government of India. However, unregulated and unlicensed aquaculture operations continue to exist. The advancement of geospatial techniques coupled with satellite data products can offer a wide range of choices in aquaculture development regarding site selection, impact assessment, macro-level planning, and aquaculture zoning. The important criteria in aquaculture planning were land use, distance from the water source, source water characteristics, soil quality, soil texture, adjoining land type, and accessibility. These factors can be integrated through the geographical information system (GIS) to assess the zones for aquaculture expansion. Likewise, multi-temporal data analysis capability helps to quantify the impacts of aquaculture on other resources and to direct the sector toward sustainable development without multiuser conflicts. This study highlights the issues in coastal aquaculture development, criteria selection in spatial planning, and spatial decision support systems to manage aquaculture development in a sustainable and responsible manner.Not Availabl
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Get PDFNot AvailableThe calibration approach is a popular technique for incorporating auxiliary information for estimation of population parameters in survey sampling. In general, the Calibration Approach assumes the availability of population-level auxiliary information. On the contrary, in large scale surveys, it is often the case that population-level data on auxiliary variable is not available, but it is relatively inexpensive to collect. In the present article, in case of non-availability of population-level relatively inexpensive data on auxiliary variable under two stage sampling, we developed product type calibration estimator of the finite population total using double sampling approach along with the sampling variance and variance estimator. The study variable is assumed to be inversely related with the auxiliary variable. Proposed product type calibration estimator was evaluated through a simulation study which showed that the proposed product type calibration estimator was performing efficiently over traditional Narain-Horvitz-Thompson type expansion estimator as well as product estimator of the finite population total in case of two stage sampling involving two phases at both the stages.Not Availabl
