KRISHI Publications and Data Repository
Not a member yet
68730 research outputs found
Sort by
Not Available
No full textNot AvailableIn light of the recent surge in digitization within agriculture, the scientific and technical personnel of the council require specialized training programs aimed at enhancing their digital competencies. This is essential to keep them abreast of the latest tools and software for efficient computer applications. Notably, software such as Microsoft Excel, R, Python, and DBMS plays a pivotal role in analyzing data derived from various agricultural experiments. To address this need, ICAR-IASRl conducted a 7-day HRM-approved training program titled "Digital Competency, New Tools, and Software for Efficient Computer Applications" for the scientific and technical staff of ICAR from January 03-09, 2024. The primary objective of the program was to furnish participants with a comprehensive understanding of tools widely employed in developing cutting-edge digital solutions for agriculture. Through hands-on practical sessions, participants were expected to enhance their proficiency in navigating and utilizing these tools and software. The program also featured demonstrations of popular e-governance initiatives of ICAR, IT applications for NARES, KRISHI (Agricultural Knowledge Resources and Information System Hub for Innovations), Al-DISC (Artificial Intelligence-based Disease Identification System for Crops), and NARES-BLP (Blended Learning Platform) commonly used by the Scientific and Technical staff associated with ICAR. This training manual serves as a handy reference for participants to review the topics covered in the course. These include the development of Google forms, basics of Python, techniques for data handling and visualization, and statistical data analysis using MS-Excel and R. The manual also covers planning and designing of agricultural experiments using R, development of web applications and mobile applications, database management systems, and cyber security, among other topics.Not Availabl
Not Available
No full textNot AvailableTobacco, an important commercial crop, plays a crucial role
in farmers’ incomes and livelihoods to a sizable population and contributes
significant exchange earnings to the Indian economy. Currently, India is the
second-largest tobacco producer after China, with a production of 758 million
kg (13% of global production) and exports of 190 million kg of tobacco (9%
of global tobacco export volume). However, there are uncertainties surrounding
the tobacco sector, such as growing public health and environmental issues
associated with tobacco production and consumption and changing national and
international tobacco-related policy regimes. In this context, the current study
investigates the determinants of tobacco exports and geographical shifts in export
destinations over the years.Not Availabl
Not Available
No full textNot AvailableMicrowave processing is used in industry for drying food commodities as it improves the quality of products and reduces the drying period. In the present study, the effects of microwave power of 600 W (105 and 100 min), 800 W (95 and 90 min), and 1000 W (80 and 65 min) and temperature (60 and 70 °C) on the drying kinetics and quality of microwave-dried shrimp were investigated. The results revealed that increasing the microwave power and temperature increase the drying rate. During the drying process, protein, fat, and ash content increased, whereas the moisture content decreased. The energy value of the dried shrimp increased from 54.41 to 287 kcal g−1. The yield of dried shrimp was in the range of 24–25%. The pH, trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA-N), total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), free fatty acids (FFA), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) values increased slightly in the dried shrimp. Moreover, the hardness of the fried shrimp decreased, while its springiness, gumminess, cohesiveness, and chewiness increased slightly. The lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*), chroma, browning index, whiteness index, and ΔE increased in the dried shrimp. The results indicated that the quality of the dried shrimp and drying time decreased when the microwave power was increased.Not Availabl
Not Available
No full textMonograph on "Crop Cutting Experiment Techniques for Determination of Yield Rates of Field Crops"Agricultural statistics pertaining to crop area, yield, and production are indispensable for effective resource allocation and planning within the agricultural sector. Reliable and timely information on these statistics serve as vital inputs for policymakers and planners. The availability of reliable information on crop yield is an essential component of any country’s agricultural statistical system as it plays a pivotal role in estimating crop production. Estimation of crop yield by subjective methods have limitations in terms of the reliability of the resulting crop yield data. On the other hand, objective methods, such as whole-plot harvesting, are expected to provide more accurate estimates but are often expensive and time-consuming. To overcome the challenges associated with these methods, the Crop Cutting Experiment (CCE) technique was developed in India during nineteen forties. This method involves sampling of small subplots within cultivated fields to estimate crop yield. The CCE technique has proven to be a valuable approach for obtaining reliable crop yield estimates in a more cost-effective and efficient manner. Within few years, the CCE technique gained widespread acceptance as the recommended standard by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy, for estimating crop production. The Directorate of Economics and Statistics (DES), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare, Government of India, has also embraced the crop-cut method for estimating crop yield of major crops under the General Crop Estimation Surveys (GCES) Scheme during nineteen fifties.
Information on the CCE technique can be found in various reports, manuals, and research papers scattered over different sources. Thus, an effort has been made to bring out this Monograph on “Crop Cutting Experiment Techniques for Determination of Yield Rates of Field Crops” as a comprehensive document on the CCE technique. This document focuses specifically on the CCE technique for estimating yield rates of field crops. The Monograph has five Chapters and four Annexures. It provides detailed guidelines for conducting CCE. It also offers a concise historical background on the development of the agricultural statistics system and the CCE technique in the country. A detailed discussion on other available methods of crop yield estimation has also been provided. Being a premier Institute in the country, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (ICAR-IASRI) has played a pivotal role in development and adoption of CCE technique at International and national level. A brief sketch on recent activities of the Institute in development and adoption of CCE technique at International and national level during last decade has also been presented in this Monograph.
This comprehensive document is intended to be highly beneficial for the officials across all states of the country, aiding them in collecting high-quality data on crop yield. Moreover, it will serve as a valuable resource for policymakers, stakeholders, researchers, students, and those involved in crop yield based schemes in the country. Additionally, this document can serve as a guideline for researchers and planners in other countries who are using the CCE technique for crop yield estimation or are planning to adopt in future
Not Available
No full textNot AvailableIn many agricultural, forestry, environmental, and ecological surveys, data are often spatial in nature and exhibit spatial nonstationarity. A well-known method for addressing spatial nonstationarity and capturing the spatially varying relationships between different variables is Geographic Weighted Regression (GWR). The calibration approach is one of the most widely used techniques in sample surveys for incorporating the known population characteristics of auxiliary variables by changing the original sampling design weights. The model-calibration approach is an improvement on the conventional calibration approach that can handle a variety of assisting working models. Two-stage sampling is one of the most frequently used sampling strategies in large-scale sample surveys. In the present study, a couple of GWR model-calibration estimators were proposed under two-stage sampling, assuming the availability of population-level complete auxiliary information. Under a set of regularity assumptions, the asymptotic properties of the developed estimators have been evaluated such as design unbiasedness, model unbiasedness, approximate variance, and estimators of variances. The performance of the developed estimators has been compared with the existing estimators through a spatial simulation study and a design-based simulation based on real data. The performance of the proposed estimator was found to be more precise than the existing estimators under two-stage sampling.Not Availabl
Not Available
No full textNot AvailableThe ideal leaf area is essential for optimizing photosynthesis and resource distribution, which
improves both yield and quality. Leaf retention is a cultural practice that involves maintaining definite
number of leaves above the bunch to optimize photosynthetic efficiency and fruit quality. The
experiment was conducted at the ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes with different treatments of number of leaves above the bunch (10, 12, 14, 16 and >16 leaves). The parameters
measured included leaf area, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, bunch
weight, berry quality and raisin recovery. The results revealed that retaining 14 leaves above bunch
with leaf area of 1066.33 cm2 resulted in maximum bunch weight (365.00 g), 50-berry weight
(123.31 g), yield/vine (23.72 kg) and raisin recovery (26.54 %) while, minimum bunch weight
(300.00 g), 50-berry weight (103.48 g), yield/vine (19.20 kg) and raisin recovery (24.35 %) were
observed in more than16 leaves above the bunch. However, the leaf area/shoot (2888.00 cm2
), leaf
area/vine (69312.00 cm2
), leaf area/bunch (1066.33 cm2
) and leaf area/g berry weight (2.92 cm2
/g)
were found sufficient for high quality grape and raisin production in a vine spaced at 9 X 5 feet
distance which was achieved through 14 leaves above the bunch in Manjari Kishmish grape. It is
therefore recommended to maintain approximately 14 leaves above the bunch in Manjari Kishmish
that will help to maximize photosynthetic efficiency, enhance leaf area distribution and support
higher yield, raisin and better berry qualityNot Availabl
Not Available
No full textNot AvailableThis study evaluated the quality parameters of different grape varieties for raisin production in tropical
climates. The study was conducted at experimental farm of ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes Pune
Maharashtra India. The field experiment was conducted in randomized block design (RBD) with three
genotypes as treatments replicated seven times. The growth and quality parameters include shoot length,
diameter, inter-nodal length, leaf area, and the number of canes/vines, bunches / vine, average bunch
weight, berry diameter, TSS, acidity, yield, raisins recovery and sensory evaluation of raisins. The findings
highlight Manjari Kishmish grapes exhibited the highest yield, raisin recovery, and overall acceptability
among the varieties tested. Also, Manjari Kishmish and Thompson Seedless showed high total soluble
solids (TSS) and optimal acidity levels, contributing to better raisin quality. Significantly, highest shoot
length and shoot diameter was observed in Kishmish Rosavis. Manjari Kishmish was preferred for raisin
colour, and flavour while Kishmish Rosavis for sweetness. The study concluded that grape variety
significantly affects raisin quality with Manjari Kishmish being the best choice for raisin production in
tropical regions of Maharashtra.Not Availabl
Not Available
No full textNot AvailableBunch thinning is important practice for enhancing the grape quality and yield. The effects of bunch load on
yield and berry quality in ‘Manjari Medika’ juice purpose grape variety was evaluated during 2019-20. Four
bunch load levels (40, 60, 80 and 100 bunches/vine) were maintained at fruit setting stage. Bunch size and
berry weight were decreased with the increase in bunch load. However, Manjari Medika being a processing
variety, irrespective of its reduction in berry size, juice recovery per unit area along with its juice quality in
terms of antioxidant properties is important. Higher bunch load /vine delayed the maturity by a week, from
the juice, compounds viz., gallic acid, quercetin hydrate, caftaric acid, resveratrol, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol,
catechin hydrate, and epicatechin were analyzed. Significant variations were observed in the concentrations
of these compounds across the bunch levels while, indicating a potential relationship between bunch size
and phenolic compound accumulation. Higher antioxidant content was recorded at 60 and 80 bunch loads at
harvest. Considering the juice recovery with maintained quality, yield and antioxidant content, 80 bunches/
vine can be more beneficial to processing industry.Not Availabl
Not Available
No full textNot AvailableSemi-Latin rectangles represent row-column designs where each row-column intersection contains the same number of experimental units, denoted
as k >1. Additionally, each treatment appears an equal number of times in each row ( r n , say) and in each column ( c n , say) ( 1 r n ≥ and 1 c n ≥ may
or may not be same). Partially Balanced Semi-Latin rectangles (PBSLR) constitute a subset of Semi-Latin rectangles (SLR), serving as generalizations
of Latin squares and Semi-Latin squares (SLS). These designs find utility in various agricultural and industrial experiments, particularly situations
where one effect is considered a column effect and the other a row effect, with the intersection (block/cell) accommodating precisely four units. This
article introduces two methods for constructing PBSLR designs with a block size of 4. Also, R package has been developed for generating the designs.Not Availabl