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Get PDFNot AvailableIntegrated farming system (IFS) approach is a powerful tool for ensuring the livelihood security of small and mar-ginal farmers. The precision of IFS experiments can be enhanced using statistical and computational tools. Two-part designs are helpful in selecting the best possible components in IFS. They involve two groups of treatment arranged in incomplete blocks with respect to both groups, and the concurrence of treatment pairs within and between groups is constant. The fusion of two in-complete block designs in a systematic manner can yield two-part designs. Further, for situations where certain experimental units are not available, two-part structurally incomplete designs are proposed.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableTwo IPR systems are highly relevant to crop sector in India. They are Geographical Indications and Protection of plant varieties and farmers rights. In this paper an attempt is made to examine the potential effect of these IPRs on inclusive and sustainable agricultural development. Creation of producer groups, review of product standards from time to time, value chain development under GI system, characterization of farmers varieties to promote their use in plant breeding are the key measures for realizing the full potential of the IPR systems for inclusive and sustainable agricultural development.Not Availabl
Exploring broilers and native fowls of Andaman and Nicobar Islands as a source of b-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae even with limited anthropogenic activities and docking-based identification of catalytic domains in novel b-lactamase variants
No full textNot AvailableThe present study was conducted to detect the occurrence of b-
lactamase and biofilm-producing Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Klebsiella
in broilers and native fowl reared in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.
The study also included molecular docking experiments to confirm the nature
of the catalytic domains found in the b-lactamase variants obtained and to
reveal the clonal relationship of the isolates with human clinical strains from
the database.bleMaterials and methods: A total of 199 cloacal swabs were collected from
five poultry breeds/varieties (broiler, Vanraja, Desi, Nicobari, and layer) in three
districts of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. E. coli, Salmonella enterica, and
Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated by standard techniques and confirmed
by PCR. Phenotypical b-lactamase producers were identified by a double-disc
test. The genes (blaCTX, blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaAmpC) were screened,
and selected sequences of b-lactamase variants were submitted to DDBJ.Homologymodeling,model validation, and active site identification of dierent
b-lactamase variants were done by the SWISS-MODEL. Molecular docking
was performed to identify the catalytic domains of the b-lactamase variants.
The selected b-lactamase sequences were compared with the Indian ESBL
sequences from human clinical strains in NCBI-GenBank.
Results: In total, 425 Enterobacteriaceae strains were isolated from the
collected samples. Klebsiella pneumoniae (42.58%) was found to be the most
prevalent, followed by Salmonella enterica (30.82%) and E. coli (26.58%). The
phenotypical antibiogram of all 425 isolates showed the highest resistance
against oxytetracycline (61–76%) and the lowest against gentamicin (15–
20%). Phenotypical production of b-lactamase enzymes was observed in
141 (33.38%) isolates. The isolation rate of b-lactamase producing E. coli,
Salmonella enterica, and Klebsiella pneumoniae was significantly higher (p <
0.05) in the birds reared in the South Andaman district (25.6, 17.5, and 18.7%,
respectively) than in Nicobar (11.5, 7.6, 7.1%, respectively). Genotyping of the
b-lactamase-producing isolates revealed the maximum possession of blaTEM,
followed by blaSHV and blaCTX−M. The nucleotide sequences were found to be
similar with blaCTX−M−15, blaSHV−11, blaSHV−27, blaSHV−228, blaTEM−1, and
blaAmpC in BLAST search. Distribution of studied biofilm-associated genes
in Enterobacteriaceae strains from dierent varieties of the birds revealed
that the layer birds had the maximum possession, followed by Vanraja, Desi,
broilers, and Nicobari fowls. The phylogenetic analysis of selected sequences
revealed a partial clonal relationship with human clinical strains of the Indian
subcontinent. Molecular docking depicted the Gibbs free energy release for 10
dierentmacromolecules (proteins) and ligand (antibiotic) complexes, ranging
from −8.1 (SHV-27 + cefotaxime) to −7 (TEM-1 + cefotaxime) kcal/mol.
Conclusion and relevance: The study revealed b-lactamase variants
circulating in the fowl population of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India),
even in remote places with low anthropogenic activity. Most of the strains
possessed blaTEM−1, followed by blaCTX−M−15. Possession of blaSHV−11,
blaSHV−27, and blaSHV−228 in poultry Enterobacteriaceae strains was not
reported earlier from any part of the world. The phylogenetic analysis revealed
a partial clonal relationship of b-lactamase sequences with the human clinical
strains isolated from the Indian subcontinent.Not Availabl
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No full textRashmi Bhanuprakash, a graduate cum home maker with an agriculture background dreamt of staring a unique venture in agriculture fieldNot AvailableNot Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableStreptomyces, one of the largest genera belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria, contribute to more than 60% of the clinically relevant antibiotics. The present study outlined the genomics and the metabolomics of a mangrove-derived Streptomyces murinus THV12 strain. The Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform-based whole-genome sequencing of the Streptomyces strain generated a consensus sequence of 8,363,247 bp with 107 contigs and 7345 protein-coding genes, which shared significant homology with genes from Streptomyces murinus. The detection of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (smBGCs) in the genome performed using the pipeline antiSMASH v6.1.1 revealed that the strain harbored 47 secondary metabolite clusters, which represented 17.9% of the 8.3 Mb genome. The smBGCs belonged to the metabolite categories: PKS, NRPS, ectoine, lassopeptides, lantipeptides, melanin, siderophores, terpenes and other putative products. The strain showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with a inhibition zone of 30 mm against Gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans. The secondary metabolite profiling of the crude extracts from the fermentation broth of THV12 was performed with the HPLC system coupled with an Orbitrap Exploris120 high-resolution mass spectrometer. As revealed by in silico analysis, compounds such as actinomycin D, pentamycin, desferrioxamine E and cinnabaramide A were detected with MS/MS analysis. Apart from this, compounds belonging to different chemical scaffolds, such as cyclic and linear peptides, bacterial alkaloids, linear polyketides and terpenoids, were also present in the fermentation broth of the strain when cultivated under the OSMAC (One Strain Many Compounds) approach. Thus, the combined strategy of genome mining and metabolomics of the mangrove-derived strain aided in exploring the chemical diversity of BGCs and new chemical entities, which can contribute to drug leads.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableIn this review article, a comprehensive meta-analysis based on available literature information has been undertaken to make a relative comparison of total arsenic in rice grain. This involves analyzing the findings of various peer-reviewed studies that examined arsenic-contaminated Asian regions. Also, this article highlights the regional-level human health risks caused by the consumption of arsenic-contaminated rice in the three regions of Asia. Deriving such information at the continental level is of major importance in view of the need for proper monitoring and alleviating serious and continually emerging human health issues in arsenic-contaminated areas. One aim of this paper is to highlight the potential of a viable modeling approach for appraising the danger posed by arsenic in soil-plant-human system. There is an urgent need to fix the safe limit of bioavailable arsenic in soil because total arsenic in soil is not a good index of the arsenic hazard. Our hypothesis is finding out whether the modeling approach can be used in establishing a safe limit of bioavailable arsenic in soils with reference to human health. To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, we have selected reported rice grain arsenic content data from Asian countries following the PRISMA guidelines. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk was calculated following the US EPA’s guidelines. It emerged that adults in Asian countries are prone to a high risk of cancer due to their consumption of arsenic-contaminated rice. South Asia (SA), South East Asia (SEA), and East Asia (EA) exceeded the US EPA-prescribed safe limit for cancer risk with~100 times higher probability of cancer due to rice consumption. The hazard quotient for the ingestion of arsenic containing rice was 4.526±5.118 for SA, 2.599±0.801 for SEA, and 2.954±2.088 for EA. These figures are all above the permissible limit of HQ of 1. The solubility free ion activity model can predict arsenic transfer from soil to rice grain based on easily measurable soil properties and be used to fix the safe limit of bioavailable arsenic in paddy soils. The methods and findings of this review are expected to be useful for regional-level policymaking and mobilizing resources to alleviate public health issues caused by arsenic.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe study was conducted to develop ready to
disperse bioactive edible coating (BEC) powder
using fish protein hydrolysate added with chitosan
and clove oil and evaluate their bio-preservation
effect in mackerel fillets during refrigerated storage.
Mackerel fillet’s quality was measured by monitoring
the changes in the microbial growth (mesophilic
and psychrotrophic bacterial counts), biochemical
quality parameters (pH, TBARS, TVB-N, TMA and
PV), and sensory quality during 18 days of storage.
The initial mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacterial
count of mackerel fillets were 4.51 ± 0.37 and 3.68
± 0.25 log CFU/g respectively and a significant
increase was observed in control samples compared
to 10 % and 20 % BEC solution coated samples
during storage. Control samples exceeded the
acceptable limit on day 9, whereas the samples
coated with 10 % and 20 % BEC solution exceeded
the limit on 15th and 18th day of storage, respectively.
In biochemical quality analysis, the pH value
increased steadily in control sample than the BEC
solution coated samples. Lowest TBARS value was
measured in 20 % BEC treated sample (1.72 ± 0.05
mg MDA/kg) followed by 10 % BEC solution treated
sample (1.94 ± 0.09 mg MDA/kg) at the end of
storage, while control sample exceeded the acceptable
limit (2.22 ± 0.12 mg MDA/kg) on 12th day,
which revealed that BEC solutions effectively
prolonged the shelf life of mackerel fillets. The
sensory values gradually decreased in all the samples corresponding to the microbial and biochemical
quality changes. The study revealed that
the FPH based BEC powder incorporated with
chitosan and clove oil showed an excellent biopreservation
effect in mackerel fillets and could
have broad potential applications in food products
as a natural bio-preservative.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableFish skin, a major component of fish waste, has been utilized in this study for the facile synthesis of phosphorus-doped carbon dots (PCDs). The study aimed to synthesize and investigate the potential application of PCDs as an effective material against corrosion when reinforced in different epoxy polymers. The UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopic characterization of PCD from fish skin confirmed the presence of multifluorophores and P doping, while transmission electron micrograph images revealed that the synthesized PCD had a diameter ranging from 6 to 8 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer analysis showed the presence of a carbon skeleton with conjugated carbon double bonds, amines, -OH groups, aromatic rings, and phosphate groups. PCD reinforcement in three epoxy polymers and their coating over BIS 2062 carbon steel showed that PCD and epoxy polymers synergistically acted to improve the corrosion resistance of the coatings. An optimum concentration range of 0.01%–0.02% PCD was found to provide maximum corrosion resistance. PCD reinforcement has a potential impact on surface morphologies and electrochemical characteristics of epoxy coatings.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableMangrove ecosystems have provided a variety of
goods and services to the coastal communities over
centuries (Primavera et al., 2002). Mangrove forests
are considered as safe nursery ground for several
organisms including finfish, crustaceans and molluscs.
Toothless lucine, mangrove clam Anadontia
edentula is widely distributed in the mangrove forest
of Indo-Pacific extending from East and South
Africa towards Madagascar and the Red Sea and to
eastern Polynesia and from southern Australia to
northern Japan (sealifebase.ca). It is an edible clam
living in burrows, from surface up to about half
meter deep in the inter tidal zones of the mangrove
areas. Mangrove clams are collected by the local
population for consumption and it fetch a good
price in south east Asian countries like Philippines
(Primavera et al., 2002).Not Availabl