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No full textChapter 8 of training manual "ISO 22000/HACCP for fish processing establishments"Not AvailableNot Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableContext. Phytic acid is the major storage form of phosphorus in cereals and is considered an antinutritional factor because it chelates major mineral micronutrient cations, resulting in micronutrient malnutrition in humans. For monogastric animals fed maize (Zea mays L.) grains, the stored phosphorus does not release into the digestive tract, leading to phosphorus deficiency and environmental pollution. Aims. The aim of the study was to develop maize lines with a lower level of phytic acid that might substantially enhance the nutritional value of maize. Methods. The lpa1 mutant allele conferring low phytic acid was transferred into the parental lines of popular maize hybrid DMH 121 (i.e. BML 6 and BML 45) through marker-assisted backcross breeding. Foreground selection was performed using a co-dominant single nucleotide polymorphism marker through a high-resolution melting approach, and background selection was undertaken using 50–55 polymorphic sequence-tagged microsatellite site markers. Key results. Near-isogeneic lines were produced with >90% recurrent parental genome and reduction of phytic acid content by up to 44–56% compared with the original lines. Conclusions. The near-isogeneic lines carrying lpa1 can be used to reconstitute DHM 121 with low phytate content. Implications. The low-phytate maize hybrids produced can be useful in reducing micronutrient malnutrition in humans, as well as environmental pollution.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailablePlant diseases pose a significant concern to worldwide food production. Numerous diseases, including viruses, bacteria, fungus, insect pests, and nematode parasites, pose significant production and economic losses. Breeding for resistance or tolerance, chemical control, and biological control are major pillars of disease management techniques. The transgenic method of disease management has been made possible by the discovery of RNA silencing processes. A regulatory framework can be used to develop transgenic plants that are resistant to diseases, therefore RNA interference is a desirable all-natural solution to this problem. Utilizing RNA silencing processes and precisely suppressing the targets of invading pathogens, host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) has been successfully implemented in crop disease control. Here, an attempt to review the knowledge accumulated over the years about the underlying mechanisms of RNAi, with a focus on insects and plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) was done. Further, description of the canonical processes of RNA interference (RNAi), its experimental and translational applications, and new RNA-based plant pathology-relevant technologies is explainedNot Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableIn India, spent buffaloes are the main contributors of meat, which is tough and low priced and poor demand in the market. In this context, a new technological intervention is needed for restructuring of meat to enhance value-added meat production. Accordingly, an investigation was carried out to analyze the efficacy of different levels of flaxseed flour (C, T1, T2, and T3) as a novel binder for making of Restructured Buffalo Meat Slices (RBMS). The results revealed that T3 (RBMS added with 6% flaxseed flour) demonstrated significantly (P<0.01) higher cooking yield, water-holding capacity (WHC), batter stability and lower diameter shrinkage than control and RBMS incorporated with 2 % and 4 % flax seed flour. None of the treatments had significant influence on pH, total protein extractability, collagen content and solubility of RBMS. Moreover, T3 revealed significantly (P<0.01) higher moisture, total protein, total fat and total ash content than RBMS formulated with other levels of flax seed flour. Conversely, significantly lower in hardness, springiness, chewiness and higher in cohesiveness than other treatments. However, T3 influenced the colour scores, though at different degrees. Ultra structural images of cooked samples displayed the protein matrix between myofibrils which indicates gel network of flaxseed gum and proteins, subsequently caused more cohesiveness. This implies that the flaxseed flour acted as excellent novel binder for binding meat pieces. T3 has proven significantly greater sensory scores than other treatments. Thus, it is clearly evident that T3 has improved most of the quality attributes of buffalo meat and can be recommended as a novel value added technology for meat industry.Not Availabl
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No full textChapter 1 of training manual "ISO 22000/HACCP for fish processing establishments"Not AvailableNot Availabl
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No full textChapter 5 of training manual "ISO 22000/HACCP for fish processing establishments"Not AvailableNot Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableVarious stresses which include majorly drought, salt and metal ions present in the
soil adversely affects the growth and survival of the rice cultivars produced by various methods.
To combat these researchers and scientist with the help of computational and systems biology
are characterizing proteins involved for the resistance of these stresses to have the availability
and reach of the rice cultivar across the globe with cost effectiveness keeping in mind. There are
many of the proteins which are yet to be discovered, and many of them which have been
discovered do not have their 3-D structure determined. So, there comes the application of
homology modelling. Another reason for choosing homology modelling is, since proteins which
are targeted here are membrane bound, they are hard to crystallize hence homology modelling
becomes the most suitable way to determine and study their functionality. Proteins such as
remorin 1.4, Phospholipase D, HIR protein LT1A, LT1B are some of the proteins which came
into light after some research from already uploaded data from various journals and protein
databases such as the UniprotKB. Using the database proteins were characterized based on
biotic and abiotic stresses and proceeded accordingly. For modelling, an online software named
SWISS Model was used to select the template and even helped in making the whole model with
required scores to assess the quality of the model, respectively. To further refine the model
modrefiner online software was used to refine the model to the extent where its score is better
with bad angles and bonds removed respectively hence giving us a refined version of the model
compared to the ones made by SWISS model directly. Templates or reference sequences were
chosen based on ideal characteristics seen in Arabidopsis thaliana also seeing their sequence
similarity which were automatically shown in the SWISS Model. Managed to model three of the
total proteins mentioned which showed great scores after refining models. ERRAT online
software was also used to give us the verification of the structure obtained.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableIntroduction: Marine microbes are known to produce novel bioactive compounds. In this work, the
bacterium Actinoalloteichus cyanogriseus, AU-RM-4, isolated from marine soil sediment, capable of
producing high amounts of black extracellular melanin pigment when grown on anaerobic
actinomycetes agar is reported. The maximum melanin production was approximately 2.5 mg/mL.
Methods: The melanin pigment was recovered using acid treatment and the characteristic melanin
absorption peaks at 253 nm and 291 nm were observed in the UV range. The antibacterial activity of
the melanin pigment against a range of clinically infectious bacteria was assayed in vitro by disc
diffusion and serial dilution methods.
Results: The A. cyanogriseus melanin showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus
and Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC value -500 μg/mL). The effects of the AU-RM-4 melanin on the
morphology of pathogenic bacteria were observed under scanning (SEM) and transmission electron
microscopy (TEM). It is concluded that A. cyanogriseus isolate AU-RM-4 is a promising melaninproducing
marine bacterium, whose melanin pigment has antibacterial activity against certain
pathogenic bacteria (S. aureus and K. pneumoniae).
Conclusion: Melanin produced by A. cyanogriseus AU-RM-4 could have commercial potential in the
pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries for the production of pharmaceutical formulations, and also
in the food industries as a colouring and antibacterial agent.Not Availabl