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No full textNot AvailableTriclosan (TCS) is a biocide widely used in personal care and medicinal products. TCS persists in sediments and
has been detected worldwide, making sediments a vital route of TCS exposure to aquatic organisms. This
experiment explored the bioaccumulation and toxicological effects of TCS-contaminated sediment. The study
revealed that the half-life of TCS in the sediment-water system was 21.52 days. Exposure of Clarias magur juveniles
to 0.4 and 0.8 mg kg 1 TCS-spiked sediment resulted in high Biota-Sediment Accumulation Factor (BSAF)
with the highest bioaccumulation in the liver (29.62–73.61 mg kg 1), followed by gill (9.22–17.57 mg kg 1),
kidney (5.04–9.76 mg kg 1), muscle (2.63–4.87 mg kg 1) and brain (1.53–3.20 mg kg 1). Furthermore, a
concentration-dependent increase in oxidative stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase
(CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) was documented during 45 days of exposure in gill, liver, kidney,
muscle, and brain tissues of exposed fish. A similar increasing trend was also recorded for liver transaminase
enzymes such as glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) during the
experimental period compared to control. Serum biochemical analysis revealed a significant time and
concentration-dependent increase in serum glucose, serum GOT, and serum GPT, while serum total protein and
albumin decreased significantly during exposure. These findings demonstrate high bioaccumulative and toxic
nature of TCS in fish, promoting multiple physiological and biochemical dysfunctions through sediment exposure.
The study underscores the urgent need for strengthened regulations and robust monitoring of triclosan
across various environmental matrices, including sediment, to mitigate the detrimental impacts of TCS
effectively.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableBrooding is most essential component of poultry life. It is used to keep chicks warm during the crucial period of life when thermoregulatory system is under developed. It ensures proper growth of body tissue and developed tissue helps in getting proper body temperature and proper body framework. It also helps in development of good feather cover. For economical farm management, proper brooding should be utmost priority of a farmers.Not Availabl
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No full textNot Available• Backyard poultry in integration with crop, fisheries and other livestock used as components support for one another and both component benefiting each other ultimately lead to higher productivity.
• Under different combination income can be increased by 41 to 302% , employment potential from 30% to 485% (with a mean increase of 143% over single enterprise) and also enhance soil fertility and climate change effect.
• Constraints in adoption of these practices like financial, biophysical and sociocultural, institutional and policy.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableBombay duck (Harpadon nehereus) is one of the most abundant and preferable marine species in the Maharashtra and Gujrat regions. While Bombay duck is mostly consumed in dried form, the major problems associated with traditionally sun-dried Bombay duck are contamination by insects or pests; uneven drying which leads to spoilage; and poor quality of the end product. Chitosan and its derivatives are used as an edible coating in food applications due to its antioxidant and antimicrobial actions. In the present work, the effect of chitosan coating and drying on the quality of Bombay duck was studied. Five different samples were prepared as follows: (i) control (without any treatment); (ii) dip-treated in 1% acetic acid (AA); (iii) dip-treated in 0.5% chitosan dissolved in 1% acetic acid (CAA); (iv) dip-treated in 1% malic acid (MA); and (v) dip-treated in 0.5% chitosan dissolved in 1% malic acid (CMA). All samples were dried at 50°C. When biochemical, microbiological, and sensory analyses were assessed for four months, results indicated the sample coated with chitosan pre-dissolved in either acetic acid or malic acid had lower TVB-N (86.5 - 115.25 mg/100 g) and TPC (5.3 - 5.5 log10 CFU/g) than the control (TVB = 163 mg/100 g; TPC = 7.4 log10 CFU/g); a similar trend was also observed for TBA values. Even though the microbial analysis revealed that TPC crossed the limit of acceptability (5.2 log10 CFU/g) by the second month in the control, AA, CAA, MA, and CMA levels were acceptable up to three months. Sensory analysis showed that the overall acceptability score was higher for sample coated with chitosan. These results suggested that chitosan coating and drying could improve the quality of dried Bombay duck.Not Availabl
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No full textR PackageWhen the number of treatments is large with limited experimental resources then Row-Column(RC) designs with multiple units per cell can be used. These designs are called Generalized Row-Column (GRC) designs and are defined as designs with v treatments in p rows and q columns such that the intersection of each row and column (cell) consists of k experimental units. For example (Bailey & Monod (2001)), to conduct an experiment for comparing 4 treatments using 4 plants with leaves at 2 different heights row-column design with two units per cell can be used. A GRC design is said to be structurally complete if corresponding to the intersection of each row and column, there appears at least two treatments. A GRC design is said to be structurally incomplete if corresponding to the intersection of any row and column, there is at least one cell which does not contain any treatment. Function SCGRC_I, SCGRC_II, SCGRC_III generates three series of structurally complete GRC designs and SIGRC_I, SCGRC_II generates two series of Structurally incomplete GRC designs.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableWe report for the first-time higher zinc (Zn) solubilization efficiency and plant growth promotion by an entomopathogenic fungus (EPF), Metarhizium pingshaense IISR-EPF-14, which was earlier isolated from Conogethes punctiferalis, a pest of global importance. The Zn solubilizing efficiency of the fungus varied depending on the type of insoluble source of Zn used, which was observed to be 1.6 times higher in Zn3(PO4)2–amended media compared to ZnO media. In liquid media, there was a 6.2-fold increase in available Zn in ZnO–amended media, whereas a 20.2-fold increase in available Zn was recorded in Zn3(PO4)2 medium. We ascribe the production of various organic acids such as gluconic, keto-gluconic, oxalic, tartaric, malonic, succinic and formic acids, which in general, interact with insoluble Zn sources and make them soluble by forming metal cations and displacing anions as the major mechanism for Zn solubilization by M. pingshaense. However, the type and amount of organic acid produced in the media varied depending on the source of Zn used and the incubation period. Application of the fungus alone and in combination with insoluble Zn sources enhanced various plant growth parameters in rice and cardamom plants. Moreover, the uptake of Zn in rice plants was enhanced up to ~2.5-fold by fungal application. The fungus also exhibited various other plant growth-promoting traits, such as production of Indole-3-acetic acid, ammonia, siderophores, solubilization of mineral phosphate, and production of hydrolytic enzymes such as α-amylase, protease, and pectinase. Hence, apart from its use as a biological control agent, M. pingshaense has the potential to be used as a bio-fortifier to enhance the solubilization and uptake of Zn from nutrient poor soils under field conditions. Our findings shed light on the broader ecological role played by this fungus and widen its scope for utilization in sustainable agriculture.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableEfficient detection of selected persistent organic pollutants(POPs)is extremely important for the safety of humans and for the moderation of agriculture.This calls for the design of versatile nanosensors capable of
sensing toxicPOPs with high sensitivity and selectivity.Inspired bythis,the sensing characteristics of carbonnitride(C3N5) monolayers towards elected POPs are reported,such as Dichlorodi phenyltrichloroethane(DDT), Methoxychlor(DMDT),Fenthion(FT),Fenitrothion(FNT),andRennol(RL),
employ in density functional theorycalculations.Analysis of results predicts adsorption energiesof−0.93,−1.55,−1.44,−0.98,and−1.15eVforDDT, DMDT,FT,FNT,andRM,respectively,onC3N5 monolayers.Significant charge transfers among organic pollutants andC3N5 lead to distinct
electronic properties of the conjugated complexes,revealed by the density of states,electrostaticpotential,andworkfunctioncalculations.Todetectthe selected pollutants in high humidity,the effects due to aqueous medium are considered.Additionally,astatistical thermodynamic analysis utilizing the
Langmuir adsorption model is utilized to explore the influence of temperature
and pressure.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableGrapevine is one of the economically most important fruit crops cultivated worldwide. Grape production is significantly affected by biotic constraints leading to heavy crop losses. Changing climatic conditions leading to widespread occurrence of different foliar diseases in grapevine. Chemical products are used for managing these diseases through preventive and curative application in the vineyard. High disease pressure and indiscriminate use of chemicals leading to residue in the final harvest and resistance development in phytopathogens. To mitigate these challenges, the adoption of potential biocontrol control agents is necessary. Moreover, multifaceted benefits of endophytes made them eco-friendly, and environmentally safe approach. The genetic composition, physiological conditions, and ecology of their host plant have an impact on their
dispersion patterns and population diversity. Worldwide, a total of more than 164 fungal endophytes (FEs) have been characterized originating from different tissues, varieties, crop growth stages, and geographical regions of grapevine. These diverse FEs have been used extensively for management of different phytopathogens globally. The FEs produce secondary metabolites, lytic enzymes, and organic compounds which are known to possess antimicrobial and antifungal properties. The aim of this review was to understand diversity, distribution, host–pathogen-endophyte interaction, role of endophytes in disease management and for enhanced, and quality production.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe seaweeds are in focus for their immunity and gut health-stimulating potentials in humans and
farm animals, but their potential as a gut health-promoting agent and performance booster to
replace antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in broiler chicken-feed remains to be evaluated. In vivo
feeding experiments were conducted on commercial broiler chickens (1–42 days post-hatch) to
evaluate dried aqueous exact of red seaweed Eucheuma denticulatum (referred to as PBD 5). Each
of the three test diets (basal diet with three dosing regimens of PBD5, 0.25 g kg 1 for 0–6 weeks,
0.25 g kg 1 for 0–4 weeks or 1.0 g kg 1 for 0–2 weeks), along with an AGP supplemented diet
(Virginiamycin (V), 20 ppm in basal diet), and a control diet was fed to 13 pen replicates of five
chicks in each. PBD5 at 1.0 g kg 1 diet for 0–2 weeks improved (P < 0.05) cumulative feed
efficiency (4.65 % improvement at 28 d, and 3.74 % at 35 d) than the control and comparable to
the V group and the trend in improvement persisted up to 42 d. The group fed with PBD5 @ 1.0 g
kg 1 for 0–2 weeks had significantly (P < 0.05) higher serum IgG level, glutathione peroxidase
levels, fat digestibility, and expression of occludin and avian beta-defensin 4 gene in the gut and a
trend of increased expression of growth hormone receptor gene in the liver as compared to the
control with no significant effect on body weight, phytohemagglutinin response or haemagglutination
inhibition titer. At d 25 of age, fecal E. coli count was significantly (P < 0.01) lower in
the seaweed extract groups and the V group as compared to the control. It can be concluded that
dried aqueous extract of E. denticulatum at 1 g kg 1 diet for 0–2 weeks can be used as an
alternative to antibiotic growth promoter in broiler chickens to improve feed efficiency and
reduce gut pathogen load, and the improved performance was associated with increased
expression of gut immunity and growth hormone receptor genes.Sea6Energy Pvt Lt
Zinc oxide nanoparticles alleviate chromium-induced oxidative stress by modulating physio-biochemical aspects and organic acids in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
No full textNot AvailableExtensive chromium (Cr) release into water and soil severely impairs crop productivity worldwide. Nanoparticle (NP) technology has shown potential for reducing heavy metal toxicity and improving plant physicochemical profiles. Herein, we investigated the effects of exogenous zinc oxide NPs (ZnO-NPs) on alleviating Cr stress in Cr-sensitive and tolerant chickpea genotypes. Hydroponically grown chickpea plants were exposed to Cr stress (0 and 120 μM) and ZnO-NPs (25 μM, 20 nm size) twice at a 7-day interval. Cr exposure reduced physiochemical profiles, ion content, cell viability, and gas exchange parameters, and it increased organic acid exudate accumulation in roots and the Cr content in the roots and leaves of the plants. However, ZnO-NP application significantly increased plant growth, enzymatic activities, proline, total soluble sugar, and protein and gas exchange parameters and reduced malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels, Cr content in roots, and organic acid presence to improve root cell viability. This study provides new insights into the role of ZnO-NPs in reducing oxidative stress along with Cr accumulation and mobility due to low levels of organic acids in chickpea roots. Notably, the Cr-tolerant genotype exhibited more pronounced alleviation of Cr stress by ZnO-NPs. These findings highlight the potential of ZnO-NP in regulating plant growth, reducing Cr accumulation, and promoting sustainable agricultural development.Not Availabl