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No full textNot AvailableTamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) is a large and long-lived tropical tree. Although the distinctly acidic pulp of its fruit finds multiple applications in nutrition, medicine, and industry, the genetic diversity of tamarind and the dentification of unique genotypes suitable for different applications have received little attention. To address this gap, molecular genetic diversity of 91 genotypes of tamarind from different regions in India was assessed using
start-codon-targeted (SCoT) markers and sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. Of the 46 markers tested, 10 SCoT and 10 SRAP markers were polymorphic, and the polymorphic information content values ranged from 0.38 to 0.45 with a mean of 0.40 for both the primers. Genetic relationships among the genotypes investigated using a neighbor-joining tree showed the 91 genotypes to be composed of four distinct clusters, and analysis of population structure showed them to be corresponding to four pure-population groups (the probability score was 0.80 or higher). Principal component analysis of the molecular variance showed it to be along three axes: axis 1 explained 31.83% of the variation; axis 2, 12.40%; and axis 3, 9.99%. The analysis
of molecular variance indicated that 2% of the variance was observed among populations, and 10% of the variance was due to the differences among individual plants. Most (88%) of the variation was found within individuals. The study demonstrated significant genetic diversity among the genotypes of tamarind, which can help in targeted breeding not only for overall improvement of the crop but also for the enhancement of specific traits. The identified markers can serve as valuable genomic resources for the conservation and utilization of tamarind.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe natural resin exudate from the bark of Shorea roxburghii G. Don possess a unique fragrance. In this study, we have characterized the S. roxburghii resin for its physicochemical properties and chemical composition. The physicochemical properties such as melting point, ash content, volatile matter and acid number of S. roxburghii resin were determined and compared with those of S. robusta resin. The chemical compounds and groups responsible for the fragrance of this resin were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). The results revealed that S. roxburghii resin has higher volatile matter (3.21%) and lower melting point (64-65 ºC), ash content (0.14%) and acid number (16.88) as compared to S. robusta resin. A total of 37 compounds were identified in the S. roxburghii resin sample by GCMS. These included monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids and triterpenoids. The sesquiterpene hydrocarbons comprising β Elemene, β Caryophylene, β Farensene, Selinene, α Panasinsen etc., was the largest group. It was followed by triterpenoids which included Lup-20(29)-en-3-one, β Amyrin, α- Amyrin, Urs-12-en-28-al and others. The oxygenated compounds such as terpinyl acetate and caryophyllene oxide were also identified in the resin. The chemical components of the resin can be further isolated and characterized for the development of various industrial applications.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) in cattle and buffaloes from different zones and climatic regions in India was determined by scientometrics. The GIP prevalence studies (64) described during 2004–2021 were retrieved from online databases, and offline literature and meta-analyses were conducted by meta package in R-Software. The GIP prevalence in India was 47% (95% level CI 41–54%, PI 12–85%) in cattle, 42% (95% level CI 35–50%, PI 9–84%) in buffaloes and 45% (95% level CI 40–51%, PI 12–84%) in cattle and buffaloes obtained from 40,884, 27,624 and 74,579 samples, respectively. The GIP prevalence was higher in the South zone (60%) for cattle, North zone (52%) for both buffaloes, and cattle and buffaloes. A higher GIP prevalence was observed in Tamil Nadu for cattle, Chhattisgarh and Tamil Nadu for buffaloes, and Karnataka for cattle and buffaloes. Prevalence of Ostertagia spp. in cattle, Buxtonella spp. in buffaloes, and Haemonchus spp. in cattle and buffaloes were higher among parasitic species. The polar and Semi-Arid Steppe climatic region harbours more
GIP than other regions. Thus, the higher prevalence zones, states, sample types, parasite classes, parasitic species, and climatic regions identified in the present study may be used by policymakers for making informed decisions and effectively using scarce resources. However, there is a need to prevent GIP infections by implementing scientific managemental practices in dairy farms, rotational use of anthelmintic drugs, appropriate control, and preventive measures, which will result in beneficial dairy farming in India.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe safety and effectiveness of oxytetracycline can potentially manage bacterial infections in fish. This, in turn, might
reduce the concerns related to its use in aquaculture and human consumption, such as toxicity, antimicrobial resistance,
and other associated risks. The primary objective of this study was to assess how adding oxytetracycline dihydrate to
the diet affects its effectiveness, safety, and the presence of residues in T. putitora. T. putitora fingerlings, subjected to
experimental infection with Aeromonas hydrophila at a concentration of 108
CFU mL−1
, received an oral administration
of oxytetracycline dihydrate. The oxytetracycline dihydrate was added to the feed (corresponding to 2% of the fish body
weight) at concentrations of 44.1, 88.2, 132.3 and 176.4 mg Kg−1
fish body weight per day. This treatment was carried out
for 10 consecutive days. The biochemical and physiological responses of T. putitora and efficacy of oxytetracycline dihy-
drate were determined through estimation of microbial load (CFU mL−1
), haematogram, serum biomarkers, behavioral
characteristics, non-specific immunity and residue depletion. Experimentally infected fish showed disease progression and
induced histopathological conditions with highest microbial load (CFU mL−1
) in the muscle of both control and treated
fish. The fish haematogram showed increased leucocyte and haemoglobin content, influenced by dietary oxytetracycline
dihydrate. The fish demonstrated adaptive physiological response to oxytetracycline dihydrate at 44.1 to 88.2 mg and
resulted in increased albumin and globulin content. The serum-enzyme assay showed significant increase in aspartate
aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in the test fish
(<0.05). Oxytetracycline dihydrate at 88.2 to 132.3 mg Kg−1
fish body weight per day recorded higher feed intake (75%),
significant survivability (66–68%) and histopathological recovery. The suppressed immune response was manifested with
decreased respiratory burst and lysozyme activity. The palatability, treatment of bacterial infection, histopathological
changes and survivability by fingerlings of golden mahseer determined the safety and optimized the therapeutic potential
of the oxytetracycline dihydrate at 88.2 mg Kg−1
fish body weight per day for 10 days to contain the infection by A.
hydrophila. A withdrawal period of 8-d was recommended as oxytetracycline dihydrate concentration depleted below the
legal maximum residue limit (MRL 2.0 mg g−1
) in the edible muscle of the golden mahseer reared at an average water
temperature of 20 °C. This is considered safe for human consumption.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableDual frame (DF) surveys are a special case of multiple frame (MF) surveys considering two frames covering the entire population. Dual frame surveys are applicable in those situations, where, one frame may cover the entire population but is very expensive to sample; so an alternate frame may be available that does not cover the entire population but is easily available. Unbiased variance estimation in dual frame surveys can be difficult and complicated than corresponding estimators under single frame surveys. Again, the variance of dual frame estimator involves population variances of the individual domains which are generally unknown. Due to this reason, obtaining an unbiased estimate of the variance of the dual frame estimator is quite complex in the case of dual frame surveys. In this article, we propose a Post-stratified Rescaling Bootstrap with Unknown Domain size (PstRBUD) method for variance estimation of the dual frame estimator of population total. The proposed rescaled bootstrap method was compared to that of standard bootstrap methods in simulation analysis. The proposed PstRBUD method provides an unbiased estimation of the variance of the dual frame estimator of population total, according to simulation results.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableOn-farm testings were conducted to study the performance of foxtail millet variety SiA -3223 (Renadu) in Kharif season from 2020 and 2021 in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh. Ten demonstrations were conducted each year with three foxtail millet varieties SiA -3223 (TO1), SIA-3156 (TO2) and Prasad (TO3). During two years of assessment, the pooled results revealed that the highest panicle length was observed in SiA-3223 variety (26.8 cm) followed by SiA-3156 (23.8cm) and Prasad (21.5cm) varieties. Highest test weight (3.6 gm) and seed yield (2369 kg/ha) also recorded in SiA-3223 variety when compared with SiA-3156 and Prasad varieties. The per cent increase in yield was 15.5 % and 45.3 % higher in SiA-3223 variety when compared with SiA-3156 and Prasad varieties respectively. The average highest net income (Rs. 30508/ha) and benefit cost ratio (3.16) was realized in SiA- 3223. The lowest net income (Rs. 16840/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.20) was recorded in Prasad variety. Hence SiA-3223 (Renadu) variety is the high yielding improved variety when compared with other existing varieties.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThis annual report for the period January to December 2023 highlights the research achievements, capacity building programmes, outreach activities, research projects, technology development and commercialization, research publications, awards and recognitions and other review meetings of ICAR NIVEDI.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThis study presents an assessment of the performance and economic viability of solar dryers for drying perishable agricultural products. The dryer was constructed using locally sourced materials such as galvanized iron sheet, M.S. angle, glass, and S.S. wire mesh. The ability to tilt the dryer allows for optimal solar radiation absorption throughout the year in Jodhpur, India. It is well-established that a tilted surface captures more solar radiation compared to a horizontal plane, hence the utilization of a solar dryer in this research. A drying experiment was carried out in January 2023 using the dryer to dehydrate red chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). The maximum stagnation temperature inside the drying chamber was recorded at 65°C, which decreased to 55°C when loaded with 10 kg of chilli, while the outside ambient temperature was 26°C on a clear sky day (from 08:00 h to 18:00 h) in January 2023. Over the course of seven days, the moisture content of the chilli decreased from 80% (wet basis) to approximately 9%. The open sun drying method took 14 days for reducing the moisture content of red chillies to the same level. The dryer's thermal efficiency was calculated to be 16.25%. The economic analysis of the solar dryer indicated a high internal rate of return (IRR) of 82.5% and a short payback period of 1.50 years, highlighting its cost-effectiveness. The cost-benefit ratio was found to be 1.98, demonstrating the potential of solar dryers as a substitute for traditional drying methods. Economic parameters such as net present value (₹40220) and system annuity (₹5430) confirmed the economic feasibility of the system. Inclined solar dryers in remote or rural areas have the potential to significantly reduce post-harvest losses and carbon emissions. The adoption of solar dryers would greatly benefit farmers in the arid region of Rajasthan.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableCurrently, consumers prefer very healthy and nutritious foods in their diet. Fish and fishery products are considered a nutraceutical for providing health benefits to humans. As a result, proteins, peptides, lipids, carbohydrates, pigments, and minerals are explored from marine sources for supply as a nutraceutical or dietary supplement. It has been reported that bioactive peptides from fish protein hydrolysates found to have anticancer, anti-coagulant, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, hypocholesterolemic effects, antimicrobial, antioxidative, antihypertensive, antithrombotic, and calcium binding activities, etc. Due to nutraceutical effects on human health, marine collagen is also marketed as dietary supplements, capsules, powder drink mixes, syrups, etc. Astaxanthin, from crustaceans, can be used as a dietary supplement with a very potent antioxidant effect on human health. In addition to the consumption of fish, the intake of fish oil-fortified food will meet the daily requirement of omega-3 fatty acids. Chitosan and its oligomer have wider nutraceutical application which includes; wound healing, drug delivery system, hemostatic, lipid absorption reduction, hypocholesterolemic effect, etc. Due to biological activity and non-toxic nature, bioactive from aquatic secondary raw materials can be used for the production of nutraceuticals for human health.Not Availabl