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No full textNot AvailableProfitable and sustainable cattle farming requires good management skills of dairy owner. This article focuses on the various management strategies related to feeding, breeding or reproduction, housing, health, and other management practices of dairy animals which are to be adopted by the dairy farmers for reducing the input cost of dairy production. An early identification of problems and their prompt interventions not only reduce the risk of farming but also increase the income from dairy enterprise.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableLambda cyhalothrin is frequently used to combat defoliating insects, especially beetles, however it also has a significant impact on naturally occurring non-target species. Two grape epiphytic bacteria, Bacillus inaquosorum strain LC1 and Bacillus spizizenii strain LC2, were found to degrade lambda cyhalothrin. The biodegradation of pesticide in a liquid medium, in soil and on grape berries was investigated. In liquid medium on day 0, approximately 4.5 µg/ml of lambda cyhalothrin was detected in all the test and control broth. The concentration of lambda cyhalothrin in control, LCI treated broth and LC2 treated broth was 3.66 µg/ml, 1.83 µg/ml and 1.41 µg/ml respectively, after 10 days. Maximum degra- dation of lambda cyhalothrin was shown by LC2 bacteria in comparison to control. During the field study, the average degradation of lambda cyhalothrin for both the years was 66.13% by isolate LC 1 and 80.79% by LC2. The average natural degradation of lambda cyhalothrin was 37.50% in control. The degradation efficiency of LC1, when compared to autoclaved soil, was high in non-autoclaved soil. indicating that the natural microflora of soil affected the degradation process of LC1. On the other hand, the degradation efficiency of LC2 in non-autoclaved soil and on grape berries was high which suggested that the bacteria were able to live through, in addition to competing with other microorganisms under field environment.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe present study investigates the effect of shucking on the biochemical composition of black clam meat (Villorita cyprinoides). The clams were subjected to steaming and the nutritional quality parameters including proximate composition, fatty acid profile and lipid quality indices were estimated. There was an increase in protein content from 5.54% to 12.96%, fat content from 1.33% to 2.56%, and ash content from 0.64% to 1.19% along with a reduction in moisture content after steaming. The alpha amino acid content increased from 210mg% to 224mg% and the non-protein nitrogen content increased from 78mg% to 95mg% by steaming. The lipid oxidation index, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances increased from 0.25 to 0.66mg malonaldehyde/Kg in shucked clam. The palmitic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were the major fatty acids present both in fresh and shucked clam meat. However, the saturated fatty acid content (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) had no significant change in their proportion. The PUFA content was 30% in both samples with ~66% constituted by n3 PUFA and ~33% constituted by n6 PUFA. The artherogenic index of fresh meat was 0.72 and shucked meat was 0.79 and thrombogenic index of both shucked and unshucked clam was ~0.29. It can be concluded that steam aided shucking preserves the proximate composition and fatty acids of black clam meat and hence can well be suggested for shucking.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableGlobal trends of Biofloc Research in the Aquaculture Sector: A Metadata Scientometric AnalysisNot Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe study focuses on the abundance and characteristics of ubiquitous microplastic (MP) pollutants in different natural molluscan settling sites along the southwest coast of India. It assesses its bioavailability within the tissue of selected locally abundant edible bivalves and gastropods viz., Villorita cyprinoides, Paphia malabarica, Crassostrea madrasensis, Perna perna, and Babylonia spirata. The mean MP abundance was found to be 140.83±32.62 items/L in water, 270.56±102.48 items/kg in sediment and 15.33 ± 15.56 MP/g of the soft tissue of molluscan samples. Transparent and blue-coloured fibres of size >500 µm, primarily comprising polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, low-density polyethylene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene terephthalate, were the most dominant forms of MPs. Interestingly, except for Babylonia spirata, a negative correlation has been observed between MP abundance and different morphometric characteristics in all the studied species. Hence, pre-emptive measures are needed to reduce the MP load by employing effective bioremediations to ensure food safety.Not Availabl
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No full textNot Availableग्वार रेगिस्तान क्षेत्र की एक महत्वपूर्ण फली है, जिसका नाम गाय के चारे के लिए संस्कृत शब्द से लिया गया है। इस फसल का उद्गम भारत और पाकिस्तान के पश्चिमी और उत्तर-पश्चिमी क्षेत्रों में हुआ हैं, जिसे कई वर्षो से वनस्पति, हरी खाद, हरे चारे, बीज और ग्वार गोंद (ग्वार गम) के निष्कर्षण के इस्तेमाल के लिए उगाया जाता रहा है। लेकिन पिछले कुछ दशकों के दौरान, इसकी औद्योगिक उपयोग के लिए लोकप्रियता मे वृद्धि हुई है। भारत, विशेष रूप से, राजस्थान का वैश्विक ग्वार उत्पादन मे 80% हिस्सा है, जो कि सालाना लगभग 1-1.25 मिलियन टन होता है। ग्वार गम का उत्पादन ज्यादातर भारत और पाकिस्तान में होता है, हालांकि यह संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका, चीन, ऑस्ट्रेलिया और अफ्रीकी महाद्वीप के कुछ हिस्सों सहित अन्य देशों में भी होता है। यह कम समय मे तैयार होने वाली फसल है, जो बुवाई के बाद 3 से 4 महीने में काटी जाती है। ग्वार का पौधा रेतीली मिट्टी में अधिक वृद्धि दर्शाता है। बीज अंकुरण और परिपक्वता के लिए रोपण से पहले और बाद में वर्षा की आवश्यकता होती है। बेहतर विकास के लिए इसे भरपूर धूप और थोड़ी वर्षा की भी जरूरत होती है।Not Availabl
Manual on Pesticide residue and phytochemical analysis in tobacco and chilli
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No full textNot AvailableFlour from nine varieties of millets-finger millet, foxtail millet, little millet, kodo millet, pearl millet, proso
millet, barnyard millet, browntop millet and sorghum was compared with corn flour in the formulation of
fresh tilapia sausages, at 10% inclusion level. The parameters compared were proximate composition,
colour, texture attributes, and sensory acceptability. Millet flour-added sausages showed a significant
difference (p < 0.05) for most of the varieties in the biochemical constituents compared to the control.
Millet flour inclusion did not affect the textural characteristics of sausages and resulted in comparable
viscoelastic properties as revealed by the folding test. The colour of raw millet flour did not have any
correlation with the final sausage colour. In sensory evaluation, the millet-included sausages presented
higher overall acceptability scores than the one prepared using corn flour. Millet flour in fish sausage
formulation was concluded to be an ideal healthy substitute to conventionally used flours in sausage and
contribute to SDG-2.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe Baddi-Barotiwala-Nalagarh (BBN) region of Indian Himalayas is one of the most important pharmaceutical
industrial clusters in Asia. This study investigated the distribution, and ecological and human health risks of four
most frequently used pharmaceuticals [ciprofloxacin (CIP), norfloxacin (NOR), cetirizine (CTZ) and citalopram
oxalate (ECP)] when co-occurring with metal ions in the Sirsa river water of the BBN region. The concentration
range of the selected pharmaceuticals was between ‘not detected’ to 50 μgL 1 with some exception for CIP
(50–100 μgL-1) and CTZ (100–150 μgL-1) in locations directly receiving wastewater discharges. A significant
correlation was found between the occurrences of NOR and Al (r2 = 0.65; p = 0.01), and CTZ and K (r2 = 0.50; p
= 0.01) and Mg (r2 = 0.50; p = 0.01). A high-level ecological risk [risk quotient (RQ) > 1] was observed for algae
from all the pharmaceuticals. A medium-level risk (RQ = 0.01–0.1) was observed for Daphnia from CIP, NOR and
ECP, and a high-level risk from CTZ. A low-level risk was observed for fishes from CIP and NOR, whereas CTZ
and ECP posed a high-level risk to fishes. The overall risk to ecological receptors was in the order: CTZ > CIP >
ECP > NOR. Samples from the river locations receiving water from municipal drains or situated near landfill and
pharmaceutical factories exhibited RQ > 1 for all pharmaceuticals. The average hazard quotient (HQ) values for
the compounds followed the order: CTZ (0.18) > ECP (0.15) > NOR (0.001) > CIP (0.0003) for children (0–6
years); ECP (0.49) > CTZ (0.29) > NOR (0.005) > CIP (0.001) for children (7–17 years), and ECP (0.34) > CTZ
(0.21) > NOR (0.007) > CIP (0.001) for adults (>17 years). The calculated risk values did not readily confirm the
status of water as safe or unsafe because the values of predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) would depend on
various other environmental factors such as quality of the toxicity data, and species sensitivity and distribution,
which warrants further research.Not Availabl