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No full textNot AvailableThe establishments registered with the Committee for Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CCSEA), Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) certified, and AAALAC International accredited were obtained from online sources. The spatial distribution map of the establishments was prepared by collecting latitude and longitude using Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) version 3.4 Madeira, an open-source software. The establishments registered with CCSEA, GLP certified, and AAALAC accredited in India were 1583, 52, and 28, respectively and the period was confined to 1999 to 2023. Based on the organization nature, more private establishments were registered with CCSEA [1132], GLP [48], and AAALAC International [28] than Government establishments. The type of animals used for animal experiments by the establishments revealed that the small animals were in CCSEA [91.5%], GLP [68%], and AAALAC International [71%] compared to large animals. Based on the breeding purpose, establishments carrying in-house breeding were in CCSEA [79%], GLP [71%], and AAALAC International [70%]. The purpose of registration showed a higher number of establishments with educational purposes for CCSEA, and contract establishments for GLP and AAALAC International. The state-wise analysis revealed a higher number of establishments registered with CCSEA, GLP certified, and AAALAC International accredited were in Maharashtra, Telangana, and Maharashtra, respectively. The goals of CCSEA, GLP, and AAALAC International are to enhance the animal well-being and quality of animal experiments, improve laboratory animal facility standards, and enhance biological research on humans and animals. Further, there is a need for a good monitoring system for the establishments involved in animal experiments in India.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThis research explored a novel multimodal approach for disease management
in cauliflower crops. With the rising challenges in sustainable agriculture, the
research focused on a patch spraying method to control disease and reduce
crop losses and environmental impact. For non-destructive disease
assessment, a spectral sensor was used to collect spectral information from
diseased and healthy cauliflower parts. The spectral data sets were analyzed
using decision tree and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms to identify
the most accurate model for distinguishing diseased and healthy plants. The
Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2024572
RESEARCH ARTICLE
chosen model was integrated with a low-volume sprayer (50‒150 L·ha‒1
),
equipped with an electronic control unit for targeted spraying based on
sensor-detected regions. The decision tree model achieved 89.9% testing
accuracy, while the SVM model achieved 96.7% accuracy using
hyperparameters: cost of 10.0 and tolerance of 0.001. The research
successfully demonstrated the integration of spectral sensors, machine
learning, and targeted spraying technology for precise input application.
Additionally, the optimized sprayer achieved a 72.5% reduction in chemical
usage and a significant time-saving of 21.0% compared to a standard sprayer
for black rot-infested crops. These findings highlight the potential efficiency
and resource conservation benefits of innovative sprayer technology in
precision agriculture and disease managementNot Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableGroundwater modeling is a crucial tool for simulating groundwater level behavior under
climate change scenarios, and for studying the effects of water management strategies
on sustainability of groundwater resources. In this study, two types of models, namely,
a physical-based numerical model called MODFLOW, and a data-driven model called
Genetic Algorithm-based Multilayer Perceptron (MLP-GA), were evaluated for the
reliable predictions of groundwater levels in the semi-arid region of the Karnal district,
Haryana. Seven hybrid MLP-GA models were developed with different combinations of
input variables such as rainfall, crop evapotranspiration, deep percolation, and irrigation
water requirement. The numerical model and hybrid MLP-GA models were calibrated
and validated using groundwater-level data from the pre-monsoon period. Among the
hybrid models, the model M-1 with four input variables (crop evapotranspiration, rainfall,
deep percolation, and applied irrigation water) and 4-29-1 (four input nodes, 29 neurons
in the hidden layer, and one output node) model architecture performed the best, but the
numerical model showed superiority over the MLP-GA models. The numerical model
and M-1 model were used to predict future groundwater levels under projected climate
change scenario. According to the numerical model, under RCP4.5 scenario, groundwater
levels in the study area were projected to decline by 7.7 meters by the year 2039 compared
to the reference year of 2015. The M-1 model predicted decline of 5.0 meter by the year
2039. The study concluded that all input variables are essential for accurately simulating
groundwater levels using MLP-GA models, and that the numerical model is more reliable
for assessing the impact of climate change on groundwater behavior for future periods.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThree days training programme under the RAES project on Blended Learning Project (Online)IASR
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No full textNot AvailableThis book will guide to design, implement and manage IFS, and to help the stakeholders
to develop a framework on IFS for the sustainability and profitability across different agro-climatic zones of West Bengal.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailablePartially Balanced Incomplete Block (PBIB) designs find extensive use in various fields, including
agriculture, animal studies, and biomedical research. In biomedical research, especially with animals,
there is often a need to account for carryover effects from previous experiments. This necessitates
the development of designs that ensure uniform cumulative exposure to treatment levels. Constant
block-sum designs have been introduced in the literature to address this requirement. In such
designs, treatment levels are treated as quantitative, and the goal is to ensure that, by the end of
the experiments, all experimental units have received the same constant cumulative dose. In this
article, we delve into three distinct three-associate class association schemes, utilizing the Petersen
Graph, Pappus Graph, and Hexagon Graph. We provide detailed insights into the construction
methods for constant block-sum PBIB(3) designs, along with illustrative examples to facilitate
understanding and practical application.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableTurnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV) is the widest spread viral disease causing 30-90% yield losses in oilseeds Brassica crops at about 35 countries in the world especially when it is associated with Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV), and Beet Western Yellows Virus (BWYV). Its origin is from a virus of wild orchids, which acquired the pathogenicity on Allium spp. and then through wild Brassica plants became pathogenic to cultivated Brassica and Raphanus. The TuMV is a member of genus Potyvirus in the family potyviride has flexcious filamentous particles 135 Å wide with a model length of 729 nm, containing a single copy of a single stranded positive sense RNA (ssRNA) genome. Virions are 720 x 15-20nm, flexcious rods and are composed of 95 % coat protein (CP) and 5 % RNA. Under field conditions, it is transmitted by more than 89 species of aphids in non-persistent transmission mode, however, mainly by Myzus persicae and Brevicoryne brassicae. In general symptoms of TuMV infection are vein clearing, chlorotic mottling, leaf distortion, mosaic, necrosis, and plant stunting and in severe cases host death. Symptom variation in different Brassica species may be observed influenced by environmental conditions, virus strains, aphid vector activity, host genotypes, crop growth stage, and association of other viruses. Its host range is very wide infecting more than 318 species of 156 genera in dicots and monocots including several field crops, ornamentals and weeds. Pathogenic variability in TuMV has been recorded from more than 20 counties in the form of strains/pathotypes and phylogenetic groups infecting different hosts. The molecular mechanisms of host infection and pathogenesis have been observed through identification of effectors and determinant genes during host-virus interactions. The effectors alter the host metabolism to suit viral replication to increase its capability to become more virulent for increased cell infection and pathogenesis. Host resistance to TuMV in Brassica crops governed by both qualitative and quantitative genes. In B. rapa (A) genome, 15 dominants and 6
recessive genes have been mapped to provide resistance to different isolates/pathotypes of TuMV. Five dominant genes and QTLs have been mapped in Aand C genome of B. napus. One dominant and 3 recessive genes have been mapped in A genome of B. juncea lines. In B. oleracea (C) genome, one dominant gene TuRBO2 has been mapped to provide broad-spectrum resistance to TuMV isolates. The Raphanus sativus cv. Daikan has resistance to pathotypes 1 and 8, while cv. Sparkler has extreme resistance to pathotype 1, 7, 8 of TuMV. In Arabidopsis thaliana (A) genome, 5 dominant genes and 2 recessive genes have been mapped in different ecotypes to provide resistance to TuMV isolates/pathotypes. During Arabidopsis-TuMV interaction, upregulation of GSTs as well as cellular and apoplastic GGT with GR activities limits TuMV replication to exhibit resistance. It is difficult to control TuMV because of its wide host range as reservoirs of inoculum, high variability, numerous insect vectors, and development of resistance to insecticides in aphid vectors to make them ineffective. Use of host resistant cultivars is the most effective management method. The use of integrated approaches with precautionary measures to prevent introduction and spread of virus through early warning system for virus incidence can help in effective management TuMV.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableEnclosure culture, also known as cage culture or pen culture, refers to the practice of rearing aquatic organisms in netted enclosures or pens installed in natural water bodies such as rivers, floodplain wetlands, lakes or reservoirs. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the economic feasibility of enclosure culture, particularly in inland open waters. This chapter aims to explore the economic aspects of enclosure culture in such environments, analysing its potential benefits, challenges, and factors influencing its feasibility.Not Availabl