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No full textNot AvailableAbstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) presents economic challenges in enzootic countries impacting small ruminant productivity. The state of Karnataka, India, implemented a mass vaccination campaign in alignment with the PPR-Global Eradication Programme (GEP) and the National Strategic Plan for PPR eradication. This study was conducted from January to March 2023 to assess seroconversion in post-vaccinated goats and sheep at the epidemiological unit (epi-unit) level, aligning with the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines in the PPR Global Control and Eradication Strategy (GCES). Before vaccination, 3466 random serum samples were collected from small ruminants of three age groups (6–12 months, 1–2 years, and >2 years) across 116 epi-units, spanning 82 taluks in 28 districts. Post-vaccination sero-monitoring included 1102 serum samples collected from small ruminants of the 6–12-month age group only, across 111 epi-units covering 64 taluks in 23 districts. The PPRV antibody status was determined using an indigenous hemagglutinin (H) protein monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA kit. Pre-vaccination, the PPR seropositivity rates were 55%, 62%, and 66% in the age groups of 6–12 months, 1–2 years, and >2 years, respectively, with a 61% PPRV antibody prevalence across all the age groups. Notably, 41% of the epi-units exhibited antibody prevalence rates of ≥70%, indicating a substantial population immunity, possibly attributed to the previous vaccination program in the state since 2011. In contrast, only 17% of the epi-units had below 30% seroprevalence rates, emphasizing the need for intensified vaccination. Statistical analysis of the data revealed significant correlations (p 95% coverage) targeting small ruminant populations aged >4 months is advocated, aiming to achieve the desired herd immunity of >80%. This study offers crucial insights into PPR baseline seroprevalence/immunity status and vaccine efficacy, guiding national strategies towards a PPR-free India and further supporting the global eradication initiative.he research was conducted at ICAR-NIVEDI through the PPR-EP project (ANSCNIVEDICOL2022800133) funded by the DAHD, Government of India, under the Critical Animal Disease Control Programme (CADCP) of Livestock Health & Disease Control (LH&DCP) scheme No. K-11053(5313)/21/2019-LH (E-14082)
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No full textNot Availableऐसे युग में जहां प्रौद्योगिकी, पारंपरिक प्रथाओं को बदलने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाती है, भाकृअनुप द्वारा विकसित कृषि विज्ञान केंद्र ;केवीकेद्ध पोर्टल नवाचार के एक प्रतीक के रूप में खड़ा है। यह आॅनलाइन प्लेटपफाॅर्म, वेबसाईटजजचेरूध्धआण्पबंतण्हवअध्पदध् पर उपलब्ध है। इसे किसानों को कृषि उत्पादकता बढ़ाने और टिकाऊ कृषि पतियों को बढ़ावा देने के उद्देश्य से ढेर सारे संसाधन और सेवाएं प्रदान करने के लिए तैयार किया गया है। कृषि विज्ञान केंद्र, किसानों के लिए ज्ञान और संसाधन केंद्र के रूप में कार्य करते है। भाकृअनुप के तत्वावधान में, ये केंद्र उन्नत कृषि प्रौद्योगिकियों का प्रसार करने, व्यावहारिक प्रशिक्षण प्रदान करने और खेत पर प्रदर्शन आयोजित करने में सहायक है। यह लेख भारतीय कृषि के क्षेत्रा में कृषि विज्ञान केंद्रों के महत्व, कार्यों और प्रभावों पर प्रकाश डालता है।Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableMillets, the earliest domesticated grains since the Indus Valley Civilization (3000 B.C.), are renowned as “Hardy Cereals” for their drought resilience and minimal irrigation requirements. Millets are nutritionally rich in protein, vitamins and minerals. As per the 2016-17 report of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, India, the area under the cultivation of millets in India has reduced by 60% (14.72 million hectares). Despite the manifold benefits associated with millet cultivation, farmers face significant challenges, primarily stemming from the inadequate infrastructure required for processing, lack of extension services and marketing millets. The government is making efforts to increase millets production through various promotional campaigns such as the National Millets Year and International Millets Year. In this article we have attempted to illustrate the millet scenario in world and in India with the analysis of the trends in area, production and productivity of the major and the minor millets of the country.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableSeedlac manufactured from sticklac using developed integrated small scale lac processing unit with different treatments to know the variation in yield, color parameters and quality parameters. Mean seedlac yield obtained for seedlac manufactured using developed unit with different treatments of washing agent did not show any appreciable difference while mean impurity content was found within the standard limit. Color parameters of the manufactured seedlac with integrated unit were better compared to seedlac manufactured using small scale lac processing unit with same treatment. Addition of higher amount of washing agent within permissible limit, improves the lightness, redness and yellowness of seedlac manufactured using developed integrated unit compared to seedlac manufactured using small scale lac processing unit. All the quality parameters of manufactured seedlac using developed unit with different treatment of washing agent were determined and found within the acceptable limit as per standard values IS: 6921 – 1973. Grain size of seedlac manufactured from sticklac through the developed integrated unit was found similar to grain size of seedlac manufactured through small scale lac processing unit and were in accordance with the specification IS: 6921 – 1973. Maximum water soluble lac dye (a by-product of lac industry) was recovered from wash water of 1st batch washing with more than 50% dye content and lighter in color.Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delh
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No full textChapter 16 of Book Transformation of Agri-Food SystemsGlobally, fish has been realized as a nature’s super-food with the global per capita availability for consumption of 20.2 kg/year/person. Aquatic system has provided 157.4 million tons of aquatic animals as food and served as a source for 25 million tonnes of easily digestible proteins packed with essential amino acids and health beneficial peptides. Marine fish is well-recognised for their richness in therapeutic fatty acids including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The richness in terms of essential micronutrients like vitamins and minerals has made the fish as a better and sustainable choice to address the nutritional issues at global scale. India has contributed 8% (162.48 lakhs tonnes) to the global fish production with the very below global per capita average annual consumption (6.31 kg/year/person). Global as well as Indian fish production has significant quantity as wastage due to post-harvest loss and process related waste generation, and nearly accounts to 27–39%. In the contest of Indian fisheries, minimizing post-harvest loss and improving the waste utilization through innovative solutions could greatly transform the aquatic food system to support the food and nutritional security of India. Innovations in technologies through research and development could strengthen the strategies to minimize the post-harvest fish loss. Innovations are demanded in fish processing methods, product development, processing machineries, handling tools, and supply chain. Implementing the developments happening in allied sectors, including information technology and artificial intelligence to strengthen the forward and backward linkages will result in a well-managed supply chain and cold chain. Bridging the information, knowledge and technological gaps between producers and consumers would be a key for reducing the post-harvest fisheries loss. The innovations in technologies to be friendly with local culture and should satisfy the peculiar local needs for better adoptions by many numbers so as to achieve the transformation envisaged in aquatic food system for building a healthy and wealthy nation.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThis livestock diseases forewarning bulletin predicts the occurrence of the livestock diseases outbreak two months in advance and communicates to State animal husbandry departments to take necessary preventive measures.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableThe reliance of modern agriculture on effective agrochemicals is undeniable, but
concerns for user and environmental safety are driving innovation in formulation.
New formulations tackle these challenges by focusing on improved efficacy.
This involves developing novel active ingredients with better target specificity
and stronger performance against pests, diseases, and weeds. Techniques like
nanoencapsulation and smart-release technologies show promise in delivering
chemicals directly to targets and extending their effects, ultimately reducing overall
use. Safety and environmental concerns are addressed by formulations minimizing
harm to non-target organisms and reducing chemical residues. Biopesticides
derived from natural sources and biological control agents offer safer alternatives.
Furthermore, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approaches which prioritize
preventive measures and biological controls are being integrated. Sustainability
is a key focus, with formulation scientists exploring methods to minimize the
environmental footprint through improved efficiency and targeted application via
precision agriculture and variable-rate systems. User-friendly formulations further
promote responsible use.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableProtein hydrolysates are composed of peptones and peptides, and their type depends on the biological
source and manufacturing process. We studied the survival response of Salmonella enterica in the
presence of casein, soy protein, and fish protein hydrolysates at refrigeration and freezing temperatures.
Fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) was identified as the only capable hydrolysate of sustaining the viability of
S. enterica for 60 days at refrigeration temperatures. None of the three hydrolysates were able to
impart cryoprotection to S. enterica under freezing conditions. The survival rate of S. enterica in FPH
was further enhanced by growing the inoculum on agar instead of broth. An optimization study using
response surface methodology was also conducted to identify suitable concentrations of protein
hydrolysates capable of maximizing the survival of S. enterica. The results of this study can be used
to manage Salmonella-related food safety incidents by replacing animal-sourced with plant-sourced
protein hydrolysates at the recipe development stage, as well as the use of FPH in microbiological
growth media and the formulation of secondary reference materials. These results indicate that
FPH produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of Stolephorus indicus at lower concentrations (5%) can serve
as nutritive agents in culture media, contribute to long-term preservation, and can be used in the
formulation of quantitative reference materials for Salmonella.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableOrobanche is the major production constraint affecting the income of Flue Cured Virginia (FCV) tobacco
farmers. The present study is an attempt to analyze the knowledge level and identify the constraints faced
by the respondents in orobanche management in FCV tobacco. Expost facto research design and random
sampling procedure has been adopted in selection of respondents. To collect the data from the respondents
in totally, 60 farmers from two tobacco growing regions viz., Southern Light Soils (SLS) & Southern Black
Soils (SBS) in Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh (30) and Karnataka Light Soils (KLS) region in Mysuru
district of Karnataka (30) were sampled. The primary data was collected during 2021-22 based on field
survey and interaction with FCV tobacco farmers. The results revealed that farmers knowledge on orobanche
management practices is low in both the study areas. Correlation studies showed that there is a positive
and significant relationship between level of education, farming experience, trainings attended and
information seeking behaviour with the knowledge level of the respondents. For analyzing the constraints
faced by the farmers in parasite management, Henry Garrett ranking technique was employed. Results revealed
that the most serious constraints perceived by the majority of the farmers among all were problematic
soils, favourable weather condition, easy spread of the parasite, physical removal after flowering, low
credibility on extension personnel, lack of know-how on biology of the parasite, small and marginal land
holdings, tenancy ownership, lack of strict quarantine measures and lack of compensation to the farmers
in case of crop failure caused by orobanche.Not Availabl