19082 research outputs found
Sort by
Using the Dark Count Rate of SPAD Implemented in CMOS FD-SOI Technology for True Random Number Generator
No full textC-NCA : Chained Neural Cellular Automata for Fast and Accurate Thermal Ablation Estimation
No full text
Meiosis and retinoic acid in the mouse fetal gonads: An unforeseen twist.
No full textIn mammals, differentiation of germ cells is crucial for sexual reproduction, involving complex signaling pathways and environmental cues defined by the somatic cells of the gonads. This review examines the long-standing model positing that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) acts as a meiosis-inducing substance (MIS) in the fetal ovary by inducing expression of STRA8 in female germ cells, while CYP26B1 serves as a meiosis-preventing substance (MPS) in the fetal testis by degrading ATRA and preventing STRA8 expression in the male germ cells until postnatal development. Recent genetic studies in the mouse challenge this paradigm, revealing that meiosis initiation in female germ cells can occur independently of ATRA signaling, with key roles played by other intrinsic factors like DAZL and DMRT1, and extrinsic signals such as BMPs and vitamin C. Thus, ATRA can no longer be considered as 'the' long-searched MIS. Furthermore, evidence indicates that CYP26B1 does not prevent meiosis by degrading ATRA in the fetal testis, but acts by degrading an unidentified MIS or synthesizing an equally unknown MPS. By emphasizing the necessity of genetic loss-of-function approaches to accurately delineate the roles of signaling molecules such ATRA in vivo, this chapter calls for a reevaluation of the mechanisms instructing and preventing meiosis initiation in the fetal ovary and testis, respectively. It highlights the need for further research into the molecular identities of the signals involved in these processes.journal articlereview20252024 10 29importe
Comparing the Capacity of Intraoral Scanner and Expert Scoring in Detecting Potential Deviations in Guided Endodontics: An In Vitro Study
No full textIntroduction: Guided endodontics recently offers a conservative solution for conducting root canal treatment in cases of obliterated canals, but guide mispositioning remains a challenge. Recently, intraoral scanners (IOS) were proposed to detect deviations, but their effectiveness compared to expert visual assessments during guide insertion is uncertain. The objective of the present study was to primarily compare the risk of deviation predicted by an IOS vs expert assessment and secondarily identify factors influencing this risk.
Methods: Using a design of experiments approach, 16 endodontic guides were 3D-printed to assess the influence of guide thickness, internal offset, number of supporting teeth, and presence of windows. Guide positioning was evaluated digitally with the Trios 4 IOS to calculate angular deviation and visually by 10 experts using a Likert scale. The overall agreement between the value of angular deviation (less than or greater than 2°) and the expert score (positive or negative) was calculated.
Results: The mean angular deviation was 4.32° (SD = 2.40°) and the mean expert score was -0.29 (SD = 1.39). Angular deviation was most influenced by greater guide thickness (41.4%) and internal offset (27.0%), which both increased it. The most influential factor for expert scores was internal offset (90.5%), which decreased ratings. Agreement between IOS and expert scores averaged 60.6% (SD = 39.1%), with the highest agreement for guides with a high internal offset.
Conclusions: Experts effectively detected positioning errors with high internal offset but struggled with other factors where IOS was more accurate. IOS shows promising potential for improving guide fitting in clinical practice.
Keywords: 3D printed template; accuracy; computer-aided design; guided endodontics; intraoral scanner; root canal preparation
Reduction of Prostate Cancer Risk: Role of Frequent Ejaculation-Associated Mechanisms
No full textProstate cancer (PCa) accounts for roughly 15% of diagnosed cancers among men, with disease incidence increasing worldwide. Age, family history and ethnicity, diet, physical activity, and chemoprevention all play a role in reducing PCa risk. The prostate is an exocrine gland that is characterized by its multi-functionality, being involved in reproductive aspects such as male ejaculation and orgasmic ecstasy, as well as playing key roles in the regulation of local and systemic concentrations of 5α-dihydrotestosterone. The increase in androgen receptors at the ventral prostate is the first elevated response induced by copulation. The regulation of prostate growth and function is mediated by an androgen-dependent mechanism. Binding 5-DHT to androgen receptors (AR) results in the formation of a 5α-DHT:AR complex. The interaction of the 5α-DHT:AR complex with the specific DNA enhancer element of androgen-regulated genes leads to the regulation of androgen-specific target genes to maintain prostate homeostasis. Consequently, ejaculation may play a significant role in the reduction of PCa risk. Thus, frequent ejaculation in the absence of risky sexual behavior is a possible approach for the prevention of PCa. In this review, we provide an insight into possible mechanisms regulating the impact of frequent ejaculation on reducing PCa risk
Enhancing Visual Discrimination Task: Optimized Mouse Motivation in the Touchscreen Paradigm
No full text
