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Electrochemical Study of Zr from Anodic Dissolution using a Consumable Zirconium Nitride Anode
Get PDFZirconium nitride (ZrN) has proved to be a promising new catalyst material. Bearing in mind its recyclability at end-of-life, the objective of this work was to demonstrate recovery of Zr in an electrochemical process using a consumable ZrN anode. A mechanically stable ZrN anode was made from synthetic ZrN powder by spark plasma sintering. The anodic dissolution was carried out in an equimolar NaCl-KCl molten salt at 727 °C (1000 K) by potentiostatic polarization. Cyclic voltammetry of the molten salt was performed before and after the anodic dissolution. It was successfully demonstrated that Zr ions were dissolved into the molten salt. The electrochemical characterization of the electroactive species showed a two-step electrochemical process, related to the reduction steps Zr(IV)/Zr(II), and Zr(II)/Zr. Analysis of voltammograms showed diffusion controlled electrochemical reactions and the diffusion coefficients calculated correlated well with values reported in the literature.acceptedVersio
Et digitaliseringssprang i skrittvis fart. Evaluering av Brønnøysundregistrenes BRsys-prosjekt
Get PDFSvak gjennomføring, høy nytte Brønnøysundregistrenes BRsys-prosjekt for fornyelse av sin plattform for 17 registre for en rekke departementer er evaluert. Status drøye tre år før gjeldende prosjektslutt er: • Betydelig forsinket, redusert omfang av leveranser (men med høy kvalitet) grunnet bl.a. feil i kostnadsestimering, vedvarende svak gjennomføringsevne, svak eierstyring og uheldige operasjonelle valg for et så stort og nyskapende prosjekt; mye læring • Effektbildet dominert av automatisert saksbehandling som gir foretak momentan til-gang på lån mot pant (tidligere 3-4 dagers ventetid), utløser gevinst (over 15 år) på over to ganger samlet prosjektkostnad; for øvrig tidsgevinster i og utenfor etaten • Utløser ytterligere digitaliseringstiltak • Løsningen er relevant og levedyktig, men FDV-kostnader betydelig høyere enn antatt • Samfunnsøkonomisk lønnsomt.Et digitaliseringssprang i skrittvis fart. Evaluering av Brønnøysundregistrenes BRsys-prosjektISBN: 978-82-14-07077-4publishedVersio
"Vi kan være en lokal Google" Fleksibilitetsformer for senkarrierer.
Get PDFDenne rapporten beskriver hvordan fleksibilitet i arbeidssituasjon og arbeidstid kan være
virkemidler for å få flere seniorer til å stå lengre i arbeid. Målet har vært å få kunnskap om
hvordan eksisterende og nye former for fleksibilitet kan bli en innarbeidet del av ulike
virksomheters arbeidsprosesser. Vi har Intervjuet ledere, tillitsvalgte og ansatte i syv
virksomheter som har kommet godt i gang med å praktisere ulike løsninger for
senkarrierer. Vi belyser virksomhetenes arbeid ut fra et organisasjonsperspektiv, et
arbeidstakerperspektiv og et ledelsesperspektiv. Vi beskriver virksomhetenes arbeids former og innholdet av løsningene, arbeidstakeres forventninger, og hva økt fleksibilitet
vil kreve av arbeidsgivere og arbeidstakere. Videre ses sider ved arbeidstakernes
kompetanse, arbeidssituasjon og motivasjon i relasjon til digitalisering og grønn
omstilling. Tillitsbasert ledelse, godt arbeidsmiljø, partsbasert forankring og
kompetansekultur er sentrale organisatoriske fremmere for senkarrierer.
ISBN: 978-82-14-07106-
1publishedVersio
Influence of platform dynamic yaw motions on wake, and subsequent impacts on downwind turbine power and loads.
Get PDFThe floating foundations of FOWTs cause turbine motions that introduce new unknowns to the field of wind turbine wake estimation, that again leads to uncertainties in the load and power estimation of wake affected turbines. Recent studies have shown significant effects of floater motions on power production and emphasizes the need for the effect to be integrated into existing wind farm energy yield tools. Also, field measurements in installed FOWT wind farms have shown that there are measurable effects of the wake on floater yaw motions and mooring line loads. This paper describes a study that aims to quantify the effect of time-varying yaw misalignment, from floater motion and/or turbine yaw control, on the power production and turbine loads. 2 IEA 15 MW wind turbines supported by the UMaine VolturnUS-S semisubmersible, serves as the case study. The wind field and power production was simulated including the effect of steady and time-varying yawed inflow. The response of the downwind turbine in the waked wind field was simulated. Power production and loads for the downwind turbine in yaw cases are benchmarked against results for the downwind turbine without time varying turbine yaw and show that including the upwind turbine yaw motion resulted in higher mean power (up to 4%), but also larger power fluctuations. It also lead to larger standard deviations in the mooring line tension. These effects seem to decrease with increasing wind speeds and turbine spacing, and increase with the amplitude of yaw motion.publishedVersio
Feasibility of Biochar from Seaweed for Ferroalloy Production
Get PDFBiochar from seaweed, specifcally sugar kelp, cultivated on the Norwegian coastline has been investigated as a possible biocarbon source for the metal industry to reduce the dependency on terrestrial biomass. Pre-processing of the biomass prior to pyrolysis is needed to reduce the water and ash content and was performed by water and acid washing followed by drying. The three types of biochar were obtained after pyrolysis at a temperature of 550 °C. Characterization of the three batches of biochars showed that pre-processing of the seaweed as was done during the water and acid washing, plays an important role on the removal of ash content. Due to the enormous amount of woody biomass needed for example in the ferroalloy industry to replace fossil coal, replacing only parts of the woody biomass with kelp biochar could have a signifcant impact. Water washing combined with acid washing had the best results considering the ash and fxed carbon contents. Microstructural analysis of the seaweed biochars showed a very porous material with the crystal structure resembling that of charcoal, albeit a lower degree of crystallinity.publishedVersio
Manganese- and Nitrogen-Doped Biomass-Based Carbons as Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Get PDFManganese- and nitrogen-doped carbon materials were produced using NaOH-activated wood char and wood-processing residues such as wood chips and black liquor and evaluated as oxygen reduction catalysts for further application in fuel cells or metal–air batteries. The elemental and chemical composition, with special attention given to types of nitrogen bonds and the structure, morphology, and porosity of the obtained catalyst materials were studied. The catalytic activity was assessed in an alkaline medium using the rotating-disk electrode method. It has been shown that synthesized and doped N-Mn catalytic materials based on biomass precursors with different chemical structures are a promising alternative to modern oxygen reduction catalysts based on precious metals.publishedVersio
A Review Of Overhead Power Line Component Degradation Models
Get PDFThis paper presents a literature review of degradation models for overhead power line (OHL) components. These models are important for informing decisions on when, where, and how to best renew parts of OHLs. The OHL components are grouped into the categories: conductors (the components that carry the electric energy), support structures (components that ensure the conductors are lifted overhead), and interfaces (the components that connect the conductors to the support structure). As found in the literature review, the available condition information, degradation processes, and failure modes varies between the three component categories. Thus, the suitability of the available approaches for degradation modeling, e.g., data-driven or physics-based, vary between the different categories. Another observation from the literature review is that degradation models have, over time, been expanded to better account for the condition information, attributes, and environmental loads on the individual components. Keywords: degradation models, lifetime models, overhead power lines, critical infrastructure, power distribution system, literature reviewA Review Of Overhead Power Line Component Degradation ModelspublishedVersio
Nanoparticle-loaded microbubbles for treatment of lung cancer
Get PDFLung cancer is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of death, with poor prognosis and high unmet clinical need. Chemotherapy is a common part of the treatment, either alone or in combination with other treatment modalities, but with limited efficacy and severe side effects. Encapsulation of drugs into nanoparticles can enable a more targeted delivery with reduced off-target toxicity. Delivery to the lungs is however often insufficient due to various biological barriers in the body and in the tumor microenvironment. Here we demonstrate that by incorporating drug-loaded nanoparticles into air-filled microbubbles, a more effective targeting to the lungs can be achieved. Fluorescence imaging and mass spectrometry revealed that the microbubbles could significantly improve accumulation of drug in the lungs of mice, compared to injecting either the free drug by itself or only the drug-loaded nanoparticles. Therapeutic efficacy was verified in a preclinical mouse model with non-small cell lung cancer, monitoring tumor growth by luminescence.publishedVersio
Rethinking Distribution Network Operational Planning with Flexibility Resources
Get PDFThe transition to active distribution grids necessitates reevaluating planning and operation processes, where they are no longer considered independent. So, operational planning emerges as the crucial link to navigate the demanding new conditions in active distribution grids assisted by emerging technologies. Distribution grid operational planning can ensure proactive management of grid problems, faster adaptability, providing detailed information to the control centers, as system conditions change, and integrating this information into slower processes like long-term grid planning. Typically, operational planning is conducted for day-ahead, weekahead, and seasonal time horizons. Detailed or near-real-time operational planning, on the other hand, is uncommon in today’s distribution grid. Current operational planning is characterised by manual and often paper-based approaches that are translated into only offline grid reconfigurations or personnel dispatch. With the availability of measurements and sensors, distribution grids are becoming more monitored, allowing the determination of the full state of the system, i.e., all important variables such as current, voltages and powers. Also, with the wide integration of intermittent forms of energy resources and as the activation of flexibility resources becomes routine operational measures, planning the active distribution grid operation close to real-time will play a fundamental role. As the preconditions to implement a systematic and analytic operational planning process for DSOs are being established, this study drafts a process flow chart for DSO operational planning from the week-ahead to near-real-time time horizon suited for future distribution systems.Rethinking Distribution Network Operational Planning with Flexibility ResourcesacceptedVersio