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Evaluation of two CaMn1−x−yTixFeyO3−δ-based granules oxygen carriers for chemical looping applications
Get PDFUpscaling of the laboratory oxygen carriers while keeping comparable performance as laboratory powders remains a challenge in the field of chemical looping combustion (CLC). In this work, two perovskite compositions of CaMn0.375Ti0.5Fe0.125O3 (termed CMTF8341) and CaMn0.5Ti0.375Fe0.125O3 (CMTF8431) have been fabricated by means of spray granulation. The fabricated granules were evaluated by redox cycles under CLC conditions and showed comparable performance with laboratory-prepared powders, i.e. high oxygen transfer capacity and fast redox kinetics. Under chemical looping oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) conditions, it has been found that steam leads to a slower kinetics and lower oxygen transfer capacity for these two compositions. When it comes to sulphur effect on the oxygen carriers, redox cycles with deep reduction showed no influence with H2S since the CaSO4 formed in air decompose but it affected the materials under mild CLOU due to calcium sulphate formed under such condition. Nonetheless, redox performance can be recovered by deep reduction with an enhanced oxygen capacity. These two oxygen carriers showed no degradation as compared to other tested minerals in the field of CLC. Microstructure analyses from SEM showed high degree of structure integrity after redox cycles at temperatures up to 1050 °C for the CMTF8341. Good mechanical strength was evidenced from cold attrition test, and the lifetime of the two granules was also predicted based on a standard reference.publishedVersio
Computational Modeling Of Turbulent Jet Generated by Non-transferred Plasma Torch
Get PDFThe plasma jet produced by a non-transferred plasma torch may initially appear steady and laminar, but it undergoes significant turbulence as it interacts with the surrounding atmosphere. Within the plasma torch, the jet begins as laminar; however, upon exiting, it transitions into a turbulent flow, extending into a long, wavy structure as it develops. This paper explores the complexities of computational modeling for non-transferred plasma torches, focusing on the challenges of simulating the multiphysics and multiphase interactions at the outlet and tracing the evolution of the plasma jet. The computational analysis uses COMSOL Multiphysics software on a 2D axisymmetric geometry, with steady-state simulations incorporating various turbulence models. A comparative assessment of the results from each turbulence model is provided, highlighting their respective strengths and limitations. Although the diffusion of the turbulent jet at the outlet is presented, the turbulence models employed in this study only offer time-averaged values, rather than a detailed breakdown of the complete jet structure. The paper concludes by validating the computationally obtained velocity magnitudes against experimental data, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the simulation results.publishedVersio
Erfaringer med minoritetsstress
Get PDFMålet med dette oppdraget var å øke kunnskap om hva som kjennetegner minoritetsstress,
hvorfor og på hvilken måte ulike minoriteter i Norge opplever minoritetsstress, og hva som
er konsekvensene av minoritetsstress i menneskers hverdag. Prosjektet startet med å
etablere en referansegruppe, deretter foretok vi to litteraturgjennomganger og til slutt
gjennomførte vi en fotostemmestudie med ti deltakere som representerer ulike
minoritetsgrupper. Deltakerne har delt en rekke av sine erfaringer med minoritetsstress,
hvor og hvordan dette oppleves samt hvilke mestringsstrategier de bruker. Noen opplever at
deres identitet er usynlig for omgivelsene, mens andre opplever å være for synlige og føle
seg overvåket og mistenkeliggjort. Mange ønsker å bidra til økt bevissthet og forståelse hos
majoriteten, men dette er utfordrende og kommer også med en del kostnader i form av
avvisning eller invadering i privatliv som bidrar til ytterligere minoritetstress.
ISBN: 978-82-14-07203-7publishedVersio
Multi-criteria assessment of inland and offshore carbon dioxide transport options
Get PDFTransport is a key element of carbon dioxide capture, transport, and storage (CCTS) supply chains. Early movers, particularly inland emitters (e.g., in continental Europe), do not yet have access to a fully developed network infrastructure connecting them with the offshore storage hubs (e.g., in the European northern seas, as these belong to the first wave of storage infrastructure that will be developed in Europe). Therefore, specific source-to-sink CCTS supply chains combining and integrating different transport options must be developed and deployed first. In this work we analyse such transport options, which include (i) tank containers that can be transported by trucks, trains, barges, or ships, (ii) dedicated tanks permanently integrated into trucks, trains, barges, or ships, and (iii) pipelines. We develop general and portable methods, criteria, and correlations to determine the cost of transport through any given connection between two nodes in a network infrastructure, using any of the modes of transport above, as a function of distance and capacity. In particular, the correlations are based on real data collected through interviews with service providers and stakeholders. Based on the associated techno-economic assessment and the consideration of additional performance indicators of a more holistic nature, we carry out a multi-criteria assessment of the different transport options. Such multi-criteria approach allows for a holistic and transparent comparative assessment of the different alternatives for a whole CCTS supply chain, as illustrated with reference to a very specific connection.Multi-criteria assessment of inland and offshore carbon dioxide transport optionspublishedVersio
Utslipp fra sjøtransport
Get PDFMålet med dette arbeidet har vært å bruke Energimodulen til å skaffe et grunnlag for energibruk og utslipp for sjøtransport, med fokus på godstransport, på et detaljeringsnivå som ikke finnes i andre datakilder. Energimodulen er justert og kjørt for å skaffe det datagrunnlaget som er etterspurt i denne forbindelse. Relevante datakilder er presentert og sammenlignet med tall fra Energikartet, og årsaker til avvik mellom ulike tall er drøftet.publishedVersio
Real-Time Exchange of IEC 61850 Sample Values over 5G for Grid Monitoring and Operation
Get PDFHigh-quality real-time data from the grid is essential for data-driven real-time operations. With a geographically widespread grid, there is a lot of interest in using mobile networks for communications to avoid the need to invest in and operate an additional communication network, but the quality and reliability of the mobile network need to be sufficient. In this paper, we investigate configurations of a 5G testbed for transmission of IEC 61850 sample values, in particular with respect to achieving low latency. Considering that different grid use cases have different traffic patterns we show how the performance can vary and the impact of adjusting multiple network parameters. The results demonstrate that the interaction between different mechanisms is complex, but there are important gains to be made from good UE specific parameter configurations.Real-Time Exchange of IEC 61850 Sample Values over 5G for Grid Monitoring and OperationacceptedVersio
Evaluating grid development strategies for a regional grid using dynamic line rating sensors
Get PDFTraditionally, regional high voltage distribution grid planning relies on conservative line ratings and present value calculations to evaluate alternative grid development plans, as well as strict adherence to the N−1 criterion. However, it is now becoming possible to use dynamic line rating (DLR) sensors to operate the grid closer to its real capacity, as well as adapting probabilistic risk criteria. This work proposes a grid development methodology which compares conservative seasonal line ratings (SLR) to sensor-based DLR of regional grid overhead lines: First, the risk of insufficient reserves in the grid over the long-term planning horizon is quantified using time series power flow and contingency analyses with either SLR or DLR. Then, a risk acceptance threshold is used as a planning criterion to determine when grid investments should be made given a load development scenario. Finally, the strategies are evaluated by quantifying both the risks and the real option of using DLR as a measure to postpone investment decisions. The proposed methodology is demonstrated in a case study of a real regional distribution grid (132 kV) in Norway. The results demonstrate that in order to realize the option value of using DLR in grid planning, the grid company needs to reduce the risk margins used in the operation of the grid.Evaluating grid development strategies for a regional grid using dynamic line rating sensorsacceptedVersio
Intelligent Ship Transport System - Overview of Standardization Activities
No full textThis report gives a summary of the standardisation work that has been done in the ISTS-project, especially related to the development and maintenance of the IMO Compendium and the ISO 28005 standard on Electronic Port Clearance. The starting point for this work was the agreement between IMO (International Maritime Organization), WCO (World Customs Organization), ISO (International Organization for Standardization and UNECE (the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) to develop and maintain a new version of the IMO Compendium that describes the information requirements covering the IMO FAL Convention. The IMO Compendium started out with covering administrative data as defined by IMO, but it has later been extended with operational and nautical data. This as lead to more organizations from different domains being part of the same development, and therefore, improved collaboration between a large number of stakeholders involved in maritime transport, both from regulatory side, standardization side, ship, port, customs, class societies, technology providers, and several interest organizations.Intelligent Ship Transport System - Overview of Standardization ActivitiespublishedVersio
Can higher resource utilization be achieved in demersal fish supply chains? Status and challenges from Iceland and Norway
Get PDFMost of the harvested demersal fish from Norway and Iceland is from sustainable, but fully exploited fish stocks. Increasing the harvest is therefore not considered a feasible option to meet the future global demand of seafood. Simultaneously, there are significant amounts of under-utilized rest raw materials (RRM) during harvesting, such as heads, skins, viscera, as well as prevalent food loss and waste (FLW) in the demersal fish supply chains. In this work we reviewed literature and conducted interviews with industry representatives to identify drivers and causes for FLW, as well as information on data capturing and current regulations in Norway and Iceland governing demersal fisheries. Based on these findings we have created a conceptual model of the demersal fish supply chain based on material and information flows modelling technique (MIFMT). The findings of our review indicates that losses during harvest and retail are the highest while the processing stage has the least volume of losses. However, there is currently no national level data generated on a regular basis which is identified as an important knowledge gap in mapping amounts of FLW. Our findings show that regulatory interventions during catch and improved RRM traceability could enhance the utilization of RRM in demersal fish supply chains. Information sharing and collaboration between the fishing fleet, seafood processors and the marine ingredient sector would allow improved resource utilization through better management of supply and demand. Furthermore, development of technology for on-board processing and storage is identified as a potential area of improvement. Currently, Iceland has a higher rate of utilization in the demersal fish sector than Norway due to certain regulatory, economic, and institutional aspects.publishedVersio