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IEC common data dictionary for functional safety. An APOS 2.0 project report
Get PDFThe IEC Common Data Dictionary (CDD) is a data repository for product information related to IEC and ISO standards. The IEC CDD provides representation of data enabling machine-to-machine data exchange across systems and applications. Per today, IEC CDD does not integrate IEC 61511, the primary standard for functional safety in the process industries. This implies that there is a lack of common machine-readable concepts for stakeholders in the safety instrumented system (SIS) lifecycle. This memo is written to enhance the understanding of the IEC CDD in general and to explain the motivation for creating a new data dictionary for IEC 61511 in the IEC CDD repository.publishedVersio
SINTEF rapport 2024-00768. Støysoner etter T-1442-2021 for sykehuset Hammerfest
Get PDFSINTEF har beregnet støysonekart for helikopterlandingsplass ved nye Hammerfest
sykehus i henhold til T-1442/2021. Den beregnede situasjonen gjelder for en
trafikkmengde som inkluderer både den forventede trafikken for prognosesituasjonen i
2035 og en økning på i trafikk på 25%. Støy til fasader på sykehuset og til nærliggende
bygg med støyfølsomt bruksformål har også blitt beregnet. Det har også blitt gjort en
overordnet vurdering av overlappende støysoner for Hammerfest lufthavn og
Hammerfest sykehus. Beregningene er gjort ved hjelp av NORTIM, det norske
flystøyprogrammet som tar hensyn til topografi ved beregning av lydutbredelse.
ISBN: 978-82-14-07047-7publishedVersio
Atomic structure of clusters and GP-zones in an Al-Mg-Si alloy
Get PDFThe structures of atomic clusters and GP-zones preceding precipitation in an Al-0.70Mg-0.85Si-0.15Fe-0.25Mn (wt. %) alloy have been investigated by annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging and density functional theory calculations. One analysed condition consisted of one-month natural aging, and another was in a pre-baked state after 24 h aging at 90 °C. To quantify the effect of clusters and GP-zones on microstructure development during a subsequent isothermal artificial aging at 185 °C, hardness evolution was measured, and precipitate statistics was performed at the peak hardness corresponding to 5 h aging. Several types of clusters and GP-zones have been observed and based on structure and visual appearance named 'Disordered Frank-Kasper', 'Square', 'Binocular', and 1β", 2β", 3β", 4β". The first four are most common in the natural aged condition and are associated with a well-known influence on the initial hardness evolution. The last three are fractions of the hardening β" phase and refer to the number of structural units they contain. These GP-zones have an increased density in the pre-baked condition, leading to a rapid increase in hardness during artificial aging and to a finer microstructure of high-density small needle precipitates at peak hardness.publishedVersio
Effect on catch efficiency and bycatch by introducing an Excluder device in the trawl fishery for lesser sandeel (Ammodytes marinus)
Get PDFSampling of the North Sea trawl fishery for lesser sandeel (Ammodytes marinus) showed that 96% of the catch weight consisted of the target species, and experimental sea trials demonstrated that the observed small bycatch percentages of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and grey gurnard (Eutrigla gurnardus) could be significantly lowered by inserting a netting-based sorting device, an Excluder, in front of the codend. The sandeel fishery is conducted with small meshes in the codend, due to the small size and elongated body shape of this species. It is not mandatory for sandeel trawls to have any other selection devices than the small-meshed codend, and this can potentially cause problems with bycatch of unwanted species, if these are abundant on the fishing grounds. Therefore, we sampled the catch composition in this fishery and further, we compared the capture efficiency and species composition of a standard trawl, and one fitted with an additional sorting device called the Excluder. Overall, results showed small percentages of bycatch in the trips sampled and during the trials, the excluder significantly reduced the bycatches of mackerel, grey gurnard, and haddock above certain sizes. For other bycatch species results were inconclusive due to wide confidence limits affected by low bycatch numbers during the trials. The overall capture efficiency for the target species was not affected by adding the excluder in the trawl except for a significant reduction for a few semi-centimetre groups of the largest sizes of the species. These results highlight the potential of the Excluder as a bycatch reduction tool in the sandeel fishery for situations where bycatch can constitute a problem.publishedVersio
Praktisk eller perfekt? Kulturminner og klimaendringer på Svalbard Forvaltningen av taubaneanlegget i Longyearbyen og omegn 2003–2022
No full textpublishedVersio
Characterising the transdisciplinary challenge in the development of Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods – what do emerging innovations tell us?
Get PDFAccelerating decarbonization in the built environment is imperative for a sustainable future. Innovative building concepts on a neighbourhood scale present promising potential to revolutionise how buildings can be designed, built and operated in different climate zones that can bring about a significant decarbonization in the built environment. However, this potential can only be unleashed if a broad range of knowledge and understandings – both technical and non-technical – can be skilfully combined. Yet, such projects are often confronted with a transdisciplinary challenge that is inevitable and inherent. This paper characterises the transdisciplinary challenge in the development of four proofsof-concept of Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods (SPENs) in four European countries. It adopts the qualitative research method capturing emerging innovations as practices to position the empirical lens close to what actors do to address the transdisciplinary challenge. The contribution of this paper is to better understand the transdisciplinary challenge that can slow down the uptake of the SPEN concept in the built environment. The paper ends with some suggestions for overcoming the transdisciplinary challenge in the development of neighbourhood scale building projects to unlock its positive effects.publishedVersio
Rammer og regelverk for kulturminnevernet på Svalbard. Verdier og holdninger knyttet til bevaring og bruk av teknisk-industrielle kulturminner. Kartlegging og vurdering av praksis i forvaltningen av teknisk-industrielle kulturminner
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Toward a collaborative circular ecosystem within the built environment
Get PDFThe built environment has drastically transitioned toward the circular economy (CE) to reduce carbon footprint, waste emission, and resource consumption. The circular ecosystem with close collaboration between diverse actors is critical to the sector's CE transition success. However, a holistic perspective on the circular ecosystem of the built environment remains lacking. This paper provides new insights into the complex and intricate dynamics of actor collaborations in the circular building ecosystems on the niche and regime levels. Moreover, this study shows the orchestrating roles of the municipalities and developers as the ‘keystone’ actors in the circular ecosystem. It also stresses the increasingly significant roles of new actors as the driving forces for the socio-technical paradigm shift toward CE in construction. The actor collaboration in the circular building ecosystem has been shifted to more collaborative and multi-dimensional (i.e., top-down, bottom-up, and horizontal). We also map the actor networks using CE principles and explain the importance of addressing incentives for stronger actor collaborations. Finally, this paper provides policy and managerial implications to reinforce collaboration dynamics and CE practices in the built environment.publishedVersio
Variations in the chemical composition of Norwegian cultivated brown algae Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta based on deployment and harvest times
Get PDFBrown algae exhibit large seasonal variation in their composition based on nutrient and sunlight access, as well as other environmental factors. The continued growth of brown algae cultivation in Europe is dependent on increased knowledge of these variances, to ensure optimal growth conditions, predict quality prior to harvest, and determine suitability of the biomasses' composition for different markets and applications. In the present study, cultivated sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima - SL) and winged kelp (Alaria esculenta - AE) were collected from seeded lines deployed at two different times (October 2020 and January 2021). Samples were collected from the two deployment groups throughout the harvesting season (April–June 2021) from a single site (Frøya, Norway). The collected biomasses were analyzed with respect to lamina elongation, dry matter content, ash content, elemental composition, soluble protein, amino acid composition, and monosaccharide composition. The results showed that SL was more influenced by deployment time compared to AE, where earlier deployed biomass showed larger lamina size, lower iodine content, and later accumulation of mannitol and laminarin. The study further showed the compositional variation in each of the species and deployment groups throughout the harvesting seasons, indicating ideal harvesting times for different applications of the biomass.publishedVersio