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Experiences Of Safety And Reliability In Remote Control Of Safety Critical Operations From Oil And Gas, Automated Transport
Get PDFWe have explored experiences of safety, reliability, and security in remote control of safety critical operations in oil and gas, autonomous shipping, autonomous metro, road transport, space operations, and aviation. Our aim has been to identify best practices of design, use of standards and operations to achieve safety, efficiency, and usability. It is suggested to establish remote operations based on scoping process building on the benefits of automation/AI and human abilities, i.e., a user centered design approach, highlighting the need for "situational awareness at a glance" when operators are removed and well- designed alarms. Low workload must be addressed. Training to handle unexpected events and defined situations of dangers, are neededpublishedVersio
Engineering Carbon Emission-aware Machine Learning Pipelines
Get PDFThe proliferation of machine learning (ML) has brought unprecedented advancements in technology, but it has also raised concerns about its environmental impact, particularly concerning carbon emissions. To address the imperative of environmentally responsible ML, we present in this paper a novel ML pipeline, named CEMAI, designed to monitor and analyze carbon emissions across the entire lifecycle of ML model development, from data preparation to training and deployment. Our endeavor involves an exhaustive evaluation process underpinned by three industrial case studies. These case studies are structured around the application of ML models to predict tool wear, estimate remaining useful lifetimes, and detect anomalies in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Leveraging sensor data originating from CNC machining and broaching operations, our research shows empirically the efficacy of carbon emissions as a dependable metric guiding the configuration of an ML development process. The essence of our approach lies in striking a balance between superior performance and minimal carbon emissions. Our findings reveal the potential to optimize pipeline configurations for ML models in a manner that not only enhances performance but also drastically reduces carbon emissions, thereby underlining the significance of adopting ecologically responsible engineering practices.publishedVersio
Lipidome Plasticity Enables Unusual Photosynthetic Flexibility in Arctic vs. Temperate Diatoms
Get PDFThe diatom lipidome actively regulates photosynthesis and displays a high degree of plasticity in response to a light environment, either directly as structural modifications of thylakoid membranes and protein–pigment complexes, or indirectly via photoprotection mechanisms that dissipate excess light energy. This acclimation is crucial to maintaining primary production in marine systems, particularly in polar environments, due to the large temporal variations in both the intensity and wavelength distributions of downwelling solar irradiance. This study investigated the hypothesis that Arctic marine diatoms uniquely modify their lipidome, including their concentration and type of pigments, in response to wavelength-specific light quality in their environment. We postulate that Arctic-adapted diatoms can adapt to regulate their lipidome to maintain growth in response to the extreme variability in photosynthetically active radiation. This was tested by comparing the untargeted lipidomic profiles, pigmentation, specific growth rates and carbon assimilation of the Arctic diatom Porosira glacialis vs. the temperate species Coscinodiscus radiatus during exponential growth under red, blue and white light. Here, we found that the chromatic wavelength influenced lipidome remodeling and growth in each strain, with P. glacialis showing effective utilization of red light coupled with increased inclusion of primary light-harvesting pigments and polar lipid classes. These results indicate a unique photoadaptation strategy that enables Arctic diatoms like P. glacialis to capitalize on a wide chromatic growth range and demonstrates the importance of active lipid regulation in the Arctic light environment.publishedVersio
Slake, luftede tretak med isolerte takflater og innvendig nedløp
Get PDFDette notatet beskriver oppbygning av luftede tretak med takvinkel på 10° eller lavere, med vanntett taktekning, isolerte takflater og innvendig nedløp.
Slake, luftede tretak med innvendig nedløp er prinsipielt svært likt slake, luftede tretak med utvendig nedløp. Løsning for utvendig nedløp er beskrevet i Byggforskserien 525.104 Slake, luftede tretak med isolerte takflater og utvendig nedløp.
Merk at notatet ikke inneholder alle relevante anbefalinger knyttet til slake, luftede tretak med innvendig nedløp. Vi fokuserer på anbefalinger som er forskjellige fra anbefalingene gitt for slake, luftede tretak med utvendig nedløp i Byggforskseriens anvisning 525.104, for eksempel takfall og avrenning, lufting (sløyfehøyder) og parapetdetalj.publishedVersio
Dual-Perspective Modeling of Patient Pathways: A Case Study on Kidney Cancer
Get PDFPatient pathway has become a key concept in the organization of healthcare. However, the materialization and operationalization of pathways often focus on work processes of health personnel, clinical decision-making, and deadlines, contradicting the strong patient-oriented perspective that is inherent in their definition. In this paper, we introduce a patient-centered perspective of kidney cancer pathways, reporting on a dual-perspective strategy to map and model patient pathways. Utilizing a multi-method approach, we map and model pathways from the perspectives of both healthcare personnel and patients and investigate the feasibility of the Customer Journey Modeling Language (CJML) for modeling patient pathways. To prevent confusion, the planned pathway as seen from the hospital perspective and the actual pathway experienced by the patient are referred to as ‘pathway’ and ‘journey’, respectively. In the paper, we describe methods to engage with healthcare professionals and patients to collect the necessary information to create precise models, and we show how precise modeling of patient pathways requires the integration of several information sources. Moreover, the study underlines the value of examining pathways from a dual perspective, as the two perspectives corroborate and supplement each other, illustrating the complexity of patient journeys. Finally, the findings provide insights into the feasibility of CJML, firstly underlining that the usefulness of visual models is context-dependent, and secondly, suggesting that the methods and subsequent visualizations may be useful as organizational, instructional, and communicative tools.publishedVersio
Integrating Cold Thermal Energy Storage for Air Conditioning Demand in a CO2 Refrigeration System at a Supermarket
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Ship model-based route optimisation for decision support in deep sea shipping
Get PDFWe present a new approach and route optimization methodology to support analysis and planning of vessel and fleet performance in deep sea shipping for green, energy efficient, and safe navigation. The developed methodology combines the ship technical characteristics based on a ship model developed for a particular vessel type and energy-saving technology options and an optimization algorithm taking into account weather conditions. Optimization involves two stages: graph construction and Dynamic Programming labelling algorithm implemented to solve the shortest path problem with variable speed. The new approach is implemented as part of a decision-support tool EcoRouter enabling the user to conduct analysis of safe and Pareto optimal solutions. Several applications to support real fleet planning and ship performance analysis have been identified including project engineering for future energy-saving ship technologies, for example, wind-assisted propulsion.publishedVersio
Kartlegging blant potensielle brukere av digitale låssystemer
Get PDFDette notatet dokumenterer resultater fra forskningsprosjektet Lås Opp, som har utviklet og evaluert et digitalt økosystem for sikker og effektiv leveranselogistikk. Teknologien muliggjør levering av varer og tjenester bak digitale låser i dører og bokser. Hovedaktivitet 4 har kartlagt bruker‐ og kundebehov gjennom spørreundersøkelser i 2021 og 2023/24. Hovedformålet med dette notatet er å dokumentere kartleggingen blant potensielle brukere. Resultatene viser at potensielle brukere av digitale låser er mer ressurssterke og sosiale enn ikke‐brukere, og de er mer positive til ubemannet hjemlevering av varer og tjenester. En typologi for oppskaleringsstrategi er utviklet, basert på dimensjonene teknologisk tillit, sosial tillit og hverdagsmestringsbehov.publishedVersionLås opp L4.1 Kartlegging blant potensielle bruker
Nutritional quality and climate impact of Norwegian adults’ diet classified according to the NOVA system
Get PDFInformation about how ultra-processed foods (UPF) contribute to the intake of energy and nutrients and environmental impact is important for future food policies and dietary recommendations. This study assessed the contribution of the four NOVA food groups, including UPF, to energy intake, nutritional quality, and climate impact in Norwegian adults' diet. We used dietary data from 348 participants in the Norkost 4 pilot study, collected through two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Foods, beverages, and dietary supplements were classified using the NOVA system. The NOVA system has four groups; NOVA 1: Unprocessed or minimally processed foods, NOVA 2: Processed culinary ingredients, NOVA 3: Processed foods, and NOVA 4: UPF. UPF contributed to 48% of the total energy intake, NOVA 3 with 19%, and NOVA 1 with 28%. Within UPF, bread contributed the most to energy intake. Foods in NOVA 1 had the highest nutrient density (expressed as amount of nutrients provided per unit of energy) for protein, fiber, and several essential micronutrients. UPF had the highest nutrient density for added sugar, fats, and sodium. UPF contributed to 32% of total GWP from the diet, while NOVA 1 contributed to 38%. In conclusion, UPF contributed to about half of the energy intake of Norwegian adults, and had lower nutritional quality compared to NOVA 1. UPF also accounted for about one-third of the GWP from the total diet. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing the intake of UPF in dietary policies and recommendations to improve nutritional quality and reduce environmental impact.publishedVersio