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Recapturing sludge from Atlantic salmon production in closed containment systems in the sea
Get PDFThe ability to collect waste feed and faeces from closed aquaculture systems in the sea (CCS) has been highlighted as an environmental advantage. Theoretical sludge collection efficiencies are available, yet efficiencies during commercial scale CCS production are almost nonexistent. Therefore, this was scientifically studied at a production site using parallel Ecomerd CCS systems connected to a sludge separator. The collection system utilizes a particle trap combined with mechanical filtration for separation of water and particles. Based on the analyzed concentrations in the sludge it was calculated that the system recaptures ~ 11% of the solids, 3 % of the nitrogen, 9 % of the phosphorous and 8% of the organic carbon from the produced waste. The collected sludge was classified as low in heavy metals, hence there are no restrictions in the agricultural/green areas where it could be used as a fertilizer. The study shows that CCS with sludge collection can reduce discharge to the recipient.URL: https://vannforeningen.no/dokumentarkiv/recapturing-sludge-from-atlantic-salmon-production-in-closed-containment-systems-in-the-sea/publishedVersio
Macroscopic properties of solid oxide fuel cell electrodes via microstructure-based numerical homogenization
Get PDFDue to climate change, sustainable and energy-efficient power supply is urgently required. To increase the performance of solid oxide fuel cells, the effects of the microstructure of their porous electrodes need to be studied. Therefore, real tomography images are used to (i) characterize specific geometrical features such as the two-point correlation function or the tortuosity and (ii) determine the effective conductivities (thermal, ionic, electronic) and the effective permeability. The temperature-dependent and anisotropic physical properties based on the first-order homogenization method are described by the dissipation potential. The results can be used in macroscopic fuel cell simulations to bridge the gap between the micro and macro scale and to gain a better understanding of which characteristics of electrode microstructures are favorable for higher efficiency.publishedVersio
Towards semantic standard and process ontology for additive manufacturing
Get PDFAdvanced modelling of additive manufacturing (AM) often requires combining models from multiple scales and diverse physical domains. Thus, constructing a modelling workflow that describes the process can be complex. Moreover, modelling is just one facet of the innovation process; it must be integrated with practices, experimental work, and characterisation. Efficiently communicating and exchanging data among different stakeholders can quickly pose challenges. This requires the unambiguous and consistent use of terms and definitions for various concepts in each technological field. International standards provide a structured source for these technical terms and definitions. For AM, the internationally recognised source for terms and definitions is the ISO/ASTM 52900 standard, titled “Additive manufacturing – General principles – Fundamentals and vocabulary”. Using the AM terminology standard as the basis for the ontology will significantly ease the integration of AM processes into industrial manufacturing systems. Furthermore, to enhance relevance to material science, these concepts will be linked to a microstructure domain ontology as well as to the top- and middle-level EMMO ontology. The conceptualisation and application of the ontologies will be illustrated through simple examples of process and material modelling.publishedVersio
The New European Bauhaus: Beautiful-Sustainable-Together in STARHAUS
Get PDFThe article ‘The New European Bauhaus: Beautiful-Sustainable-Together in STARHAUS’ aims to explore the principles of the New European Bauhaus (NEB) policy and analyze how these principles are implemented across various European projects, with a specific focus on the STARHAUS project. The New European Bauhaus is an interdisciplinary initiative launched by the European Commission to foster a sustainable and inclusive future by combining aesthetics, sustainability, and inclusiveness. It seeks to create spaces, products, and services that are environmentally friendly, inclusive, and accessible while enhancing quality of life.publishedVersio
Fostering alternative fuels in Norwegian ports: does public policy address the challenges?
Get PDFDespite growing attention from international and national policies, the implementation of alternative fuel infrastructure and value chains is limited in Norwegian ports. In this report, we analyse to what extent the existing international and Norwegian policies address the challenges that port actors experience in implementing alternative fuel infrastructures and value chains, particularly those based on clean hydrogen (ammonia, methanol, etc). Based on a review of IMO, EU and Norwegian policies, as well as insights from interviews and workshops done in ACES project, we conclude that the existing policies substantially address the key challenges highlighted by port actors. However, further bottlenecks remain, including lack of space in port areas, immature regulations, and limited (inter)national coordination of infrastructure networks.Fostering alternative fuels in Norwegian ports: does public policy address the challenges?ISBN: 978-82-14-07075-0publishedVersio
Long term fate and behaviour of oil in an Arctic shoreline - Part 2, activities in 2024
Get PDFIn this work, analysis of sediment samples collected from an oil-contaminated beach at Svalbard has been performed. Chemical fingerprinting analyses in combination with analysis of the microbial communities present have yielded insights into the long term effect of an oil spill on a shoreline which has been left uncleaned for more than 25 years. In autumn 2023, sediment samples were collected from a beach by the Credner moraine where an experimental oil spill was performed in 1997. Chemical analyses of sediment samples collected in 1999-2011 indicated microbial degradation of the oil components. Samples collected in 2023 from both the oiled area and a nearby reference area have now been subjected to chemical and microbial analyses to characterize the long-term natural (bio)degradation of oil and the microbial community composition in a non-treated experimental oil spill in an Arctic shoreline.publishedVersio
Automatic standard building category classification from smart meter data – A supervised learning approach
Get PDFIncreased availability of smart meter data offers better insight into buildings’ electricity usage. By classifying smart meter data by building type and presence of heating appliances, we can efficiently gain metadata about the buildings that is useful for research, grid planning, and energy efficiency policy employment. However, current smart meter classification approaches are largely based on limited datasets and building classes, or on unsupervised methods that don’t align with standard building categories and offer limited control over grouping. This article presents a supervised automatic building category classification approach for labelling smart meter data from buildings into standard building categories in the Norwegian building regulations (TEK17), and whether they have electric heating or not. 82 novel physics-based domain features are presented which can be extracted from any hourly electricity smart meter data series from buildings with a duration of months-years. The features are specifically designed to identify the building and heating type of a smart meter data series by capturing patterns such as seasonality, daily usage trends, similarities with standardized building load profiles, temperature dependency, and other domain-specific characteristics. The classification approach is trained and tested on a large dataset of 2724 buildings from 12 different building categories, both residential and non-residential, and correctly identifies the heating type and building category of unseen Norwegian smart meter data from buildings in 84 % of the test cases. The approach is generalizable to meter data from other Norwegian buildings and is also tested on buildings from other climate zones. The proposed method for smart meter data classification is proven to have high accuracy and applicability for extracting metadata for both residential and non-residential buildings in Norway.publishedVersio
A Physics-Informed Scaling Method for Power Electronic Converters in Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Test Beds
Get PDFPower hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) is a modern experimental technique that allows emulation of a full-scale converter (FSC) with the combination of a scaled-down converter (SDC), power amplifier, and real-time simulator, thus enabling the study of real-time interactions of power electronics with large power systems. However, assembling an accurate scaled-down replica of an FSC with off-the-shelf laboratory SDCs is practically impossible due to a mismatch in per unit losses, as well as in the impedance of the L/LC/LCL filter. Consequently, the scaled-up power flow capability of SDCs differs from FSCs, restricting emulation to smaller regions of the four quadrants than those corresponding to the FSCs nominal active and reactive capacity. These PHIL test beds cannot be used to emulate FSCs demanding bidirectional active and reactive power flow. Any scaling method on SDCs, emulating the entire operation of FSCs, demands underutilisation of SDCs, reducing the advantages of PHIL tests. This paper, therefore, proposes a physics-informed scaling method that exploits power capability curves to emulate FSCs in all four quadrants of operation. This method is independent of SDC topology, filter type, and interfacing methods. A visual identification of the semiconductor device constraints bounding the emulation is also presented, utilizing the physics of converter control. A theoretical analysis of the proposed method is presented, followed by validation with MATLAB simulations and experimental tests using a 50kVA SDC.A Physics-Informed Scaling Method for Power Electronic Converters in Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Test BedspublishedVersio
Automation in the Maritime Transport System – A Framework for Planning Resilient Operations
Get PDFMaritime transport systems (MTS) are becoming increasingly automated, integrated and complex. New technology, automation and autonomous systems will contribute to safer, greener, and more efficient transport systems. However, the advancements pose new challenges, and it is a need to understand and manage the potential brittleness and risks. Uncertainties and the unknown should be prepared for when planning the implementation of new technology. Hence, this paper presents a framework to support the planning for resilient operations when introducing autonomy in a MTS. The framework is based on a resilient approach and is the first draft of a framework being developed within the research project Maritime Resilience Management of an Integrated Transport system (MARMAN). The approach is intended to facilitate a process where MTS actors work systematically to identify challenges, clarify potential future measures, and prepares for integrating automation and autonomy in a system. The method emphasizes the needs for cooperation, coordination and integrated planning across different transport modalities, organizational boundaries and stakeholders. But also between humans and technology, focusing on the different levels of planning (i.e. strategic, tactical and operational), where the main objectives will be to increase resilience by coping with potential critical events. In addition, continuous learning and commitment between actors and how to use the new technology are crucial for enhancing resilience.publishedVersio
Assessment of the volatility of amine degradation compounds in aqueous MEA and blend of 1-(2HE)PRLD and 3A1P
Get PDFAmine-based carbon capture has proven to be a mature technology, but challenges remain. Emission control of potentially hazardous compounds is critical to ensure the long-term viability of the technology. The ability to predict which compounds to expect in gas emissions and at what levels is fundamental. This work aims to provide a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the volatility of both MEA and HS3 blend degradation products. VLE experiments were performed with different degraded solutions over a temperature range from 40 to 100 °C. Samples were analyzed using extensive LC-MS methods to quantify over 40 degradation compounds. Henry's constants were calculated to assess their volatility. The compiled results allow the ranking of most of the compounds studied in terms of volatility, and the quantification of their relative volatility compared to each other. Pyrazines and alkylamines are among the most volatile, followed by aldehydes, ketones, nitrosamines, and finally, larger amides. When compared, the volatilities of the degradation compounds are consistent from one degraded solution to another, highlighting the possibility of generalization from one solvent to another. This consistency is also observed with the dilute version of the degraded solutions simulating water-wash conditions. Finally, this work provides insight into the temperature dependence of the volatilities of the compounds studied. The methodology used provides a valuable and new type of data that have never been published before on the volatility of amine degradation compounds. The results can be used to better understand emissions and the design of emission control technologies.publishedVersio