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Integrating Omics Approaches to Discover Plastic-Degrading Microbes and Their Enzymes
Get PDFThe rapid and continuous increase in plastic production since the global mass production started in 1950 has made it one of the most pressing environmental issues on earth. Its application has expanded to a wide variety of areas, ranging from industrial applications to common everyday products. The chemical composition of plastics makes them extremely durable and long-lasting, which has led to the accumulation of plastic waste spreading to all environments globally. Unfortunately, the recycling efforts are not able to keep up with the production. Polyethylene (PE) is the most widely produced plastic and efforts are being made to develop efficient and cost-effective methods for its recycling. One promising approach being extensively explored is the enzymatic degradation of plastics.
In this thesis, enrichment cultures of microbial communities were set up to isolate bacteria with the ability to grow on a commercial PE as the sole carbon source. An integrated approach that combined genomic and proteomic analysis was employed to investigate their metabolic make-up during PE-consumption.
A total of six bacteria able to use PE as the sole carbon source were obtained, including an Acinetobacter guillouiae, three isolates of Acinetobacter towneri, a Lysinibacillus boronitolerans, and a Brevibacillus reuszeri A. Among these, multiple enzymes that could be involved in the degradation of PE were found to be enriched in the proteomes of the Acinetobacter spp., including several Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase (BVMO)-like proteins and alkane-active dehydrogenases. After the growth experiments, the commercial PE was characterised through GC-MS analysis. Results show that the PE contained, in addition to the main polymeric components, alkanes and 2-ketones, with these smaller compounds being consumed during bacterial growth. Enzymatic activity assays were performed using a recombinant BVMO-like protein from Acinetobacter guillouiae showing its potential in converting ketones or aldehydes into esters.
In conclusion, this study presents a genomic and proteomic analysis of several bacterial isolates and describes their induced proteins in response to a commercial PE. Combined with enzymatic activity assays and GC-MS analysis of the substrate, the results suggest that there is still a lot to consider in the research regarding biodegradation of plastics, including highlighting the importance of a complete understanding of the substrates involved in the research
Can GLP-1 agonists be used to reduce obesity and in the treatment of type-2 diabetes in cats?
Get PDFLitteraturstudien 2025Bruken av GLP-1 analoger i behandlingen av diabetes type 2 (T2D) er godt dokumentert hos mennesker. Felin diabetes har mange likhetstrekk med T2D hos menneske, noe som har ført til spørsmålet om GLP-1 analoger også kan anvendes til katt. Det er begrenset forskning, og studier viser varierende resultater. Hovedsakelig indikerer de en positiv effekt, både i behandling av overvekt og av diabetes hos katt. Virkestoffet exenatid er det mest studerte GLP-1-mimetikumet hos katt og forskning antyder at det kan redusere glykemisk variabilitet, senke behovet for eksogent insulin, øke remisjonsraten, samt ha appetittdempende og vektreduserende effekt. En nyere studie undersøkte bruk av et langtidsvirkende implantat som kan forenkle behandlingsregimet, gjøre det enklere for eiere å etterleve (compliance) behandlingsanbefalingene og dermed øke sannsynligheten for en stabil og effektiv behandling.The use of GLP-1 analogs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans is welldocumented. Feline diabetes shares many similarities with human T2D, raising the question of whether GLP-1 analogs could also be beneficial for cats. However, research in this area is limited, and the results from studies vary. Most studies indicate a positive effect, both in managing feline diabetes and obesity. Specifically, exenatide, the most studied GLP-1 mimetic in cats, may help reduce glycemic variability, decrease the need for exogenous insulin, increase remission rates, and also provide appetite-suppressing and weight-reducing effects. A recent study explored the use of a long-acting implant, which could simplify the treatment regimen, improve owner compliance, and increase the probability of effective treatment. Although the results are promising, further studies with greater statistical power are needed to confirm the long-term clinical effects of GLP-1 analogs in cats. clinical effects of long-term use of GLP-1 analogs in cats.VE
Prediksjon av ungskogpleiebehov på bestandsnivå ved hjelp av fjernmåling: dronebasert bildematching og fotonlaser
Get PDFDet er viktig med god planlegging og gode takster for å kunne gjennomføre både tidsriktig og
riktige tiltak i skogen. Dette er spesielt viktig i ungskogen, som er den fasen i omløpet man
avgjør hvordan fremtidsskogen skal bli. Dersom skogeier skal kunne planlegge godt er man
avhengig av verdifulle skogtakster og nok informasjon om hver arealenhet. I dag brukes som
regel flybåren laserskanning til dette, men droneaktiviteten i skogbruket øker for å få oversikt
i sanntid. Hovedmålet med denne masteroppgaven var å predikere behovet for ungskogpleie
på bestandsnivå ved bruk av dronebasert bildematching og single photon lidar. Prediksjonene
ble videre brukt for å predikere behovet for ungskogpleie hvert enkelt år mellom to skogtakster,
slik at skogeier til enhver tid kan vite når det er behov for ungskogpleie.
Det ble kalibrert totalt fire regresjonsmodeller, henholdsvis to for FLS-data og to for dronedata,
til prediksjoner av middelhøyde og antall ryddestammer. Datasettet bestod av 26 bestand med
8-12 prøveflater á 40 m2 og totalt 68 tilfeldig utlagte cluster. Ungskogen måtte ha en høyde
mellom 0,5-8 m, og det skulle ikke nylig være utført ungskogpleie. For prøveflatene ble det
beregnet både høyde- og tetthetsvariabler som beskriver den romlige strukturen til punktskyen.
Prediksjonsevnen av modellen ble evaluert, og den gjennomsnittlige prediksjonsfeilen (RMSE)
for drone er 1,21-1,28 m for middelhøyden og 157-170 for antall ryddestammer. Det ble lavere
RMSE for middelhøyden ved bruk av logaritmisk transformasjon. Samtlige modeller var
signifikante i sin helhet, men ikke alle forklaringsvariablene var statistisk signifikante.
Prediksjonene ble fremstilt i en krysstabell, som for drone ga 45% nøyaktighet i det første året
og 88% nøyaktighet. Flybåren laserskanning ga en nøyaktighet på 76% i det første året og 87%
i år 15.
Denne masteroppgaven presenterer en metodikk for å si noe om hvor stort behovet for
ungskogpleie er på bestandsnivå. Det ble videre anbefalt å 1) ha større datasett som hadde
større variasjoner, 2) videreutvikle modellene og 3) fly drone med påmontert RTK i stabilt bra
flyvær og da flere runder med flyving. Samlet sett antyder resultatene at ved bruk av denne
metodikken, kan drone og SPL benyttes med god nøyaktighet til å si noe om hvor stort behovet
for ungskogpleie er, for å redusere kostnader knyttet til feltbefaringer.Efficient planning and accurate assessments are crucial for implementing timely and effective
measures in the forest. This is particularly important in the young forest phase, where decisions
are made about the development of the future. In order for a forest owner to plan effectively
and reliable forest assessments in addition to sufficient information about each area unit area
are required. Currently airborne laser scanning is the most common method used. However,
use of drone in forestry is becoming more successful by obtaining real-time overviews. The
main goal of this master’s thesis is to predict the need for tending of young forest at the stand
level using drone-based image matching and single photon lidar. These predictions were further
used to estimate the annual requirement for tending the young forest between two forest
assessments. As a result of enabling the forest owner to determine the optimal timing for these
interventions.
Four regression models were calibrated: Two for ALS data and two for drone data to predict
mean height and the number of cleared trunks. The dataset consists of 26 stands with 8-12
sample plots of 40 m2 arranged into 68 randomly placed clusters in each stand. The young
forest was defined of having heights between 0,5-8,0 m and not having been recently managed.
For the sample plots both height and density variables were calculated to describe the spatial
structure of the point cloud. The predictive ability of the model was evaluated with the mean
prediction error (RMSE) for drones ranging from 1.21-1.28 m for average height and from 157
to 170 for the number of cleared trunks. When a logarithmic transformation was applied, the
RMSE for mean height decreased. All models were significant overall although not all
explanatory variables were statistically significant.
The predictions were presented in a cross-tabulation. For drone data, the accuracy was 45% in
the first year and 88% in year 15. In contrast airborne laser scanning achieved an accuracy of
76% in the first year and 87% in year 15.
This master’s thesis presents a methodology for estimating the need for tending of young forest
stand level. It further recommends to 1) using larger datasets with greater variations, 2) further
developing the models and 3) flying drones with RTK in stable, optimal weather conditions
while making multiple passes. The results suggest by using this methodology, drones and SPL
can achieve sufficient accuracy in estimating the need for young forest tending and potentially
reducing field survey costs
Informerte vaksinevalg: En casestudie av biologielevers prioriteringer når de står ovenfor vaksinevalg, og SSI-undervisning sine effekter på elevenes evne til informerte valg.
Get PDFI møte med en ustødig verden, hvor stadig flere uenigheter vokser frem, er det essensielt at elever lærer ferdigheter som kritisk tenkning, refleksjon og å lytte til andre. Dette er ferdigheter sentrale for demokratiet, og gjenkjennbare i de tverrfaglige temaene i LK20. Ferdighetene disse tverrfaglige temaene skal utvikle hos elevene må trenes opp gjennom argumentasjon, gruppediskusjoner, og å sette elevene i situasjoner hvor de er uenige.
Denne studiens hensikt er å utforske hva elevene vektlegger i sitt vaksinevalg, og om et undervisningsopplegg basert på tidligere SSI-forskning kan bidra til at elevenes valg blir
informert. Denne hensikten er definert i to empiriske forskningsspørsmål: 1) Hvilke verdier vektlegger elevene når de skal ta vaksinevalg, og hva vurderer de som troverdige kilder? og 2) Hvordan kan undervisningsopplegget støtte elevene i prosessen med å ta informerte valg innenfor kontroversielle temaer?
Studien er designet som en kvalitativ enkelcase-studie, der undervisningsopplegget har blitt gjennomført i én biologiklasse på 19 elever. Undervisningsopplegget tar utgangspunkt i debatt, gruppediskusjon og rollespill, som tidligere forskning påstår at vil forbedre utbyttet av SSI-undervisning, og dermed trene ferdigheter essensielle for å ta informerte valg. Gjennom to kvalitative spørreundersøkelser har elevenes prioriteringer og evne til informerte
valg blitt undersøkt og diskutert opp mot tidligere forskning. Et lærerintervju av faglærer har blitt benyttet til å vise mulige endringer i elevene fra en vanlig undervisningssituasjon, og for
å ha sammenligningsgrunnlag for forskerens tolkninger av spørreundersøkelsene. Både de kvalitative spørreundersøkelsene og lærerintervjuet ble analysert ved hjelp av en modifisert
versjon av Lundström et al. (2012) sitt rammeverk.
Funnene etter analyseringen av de to kvalitative spørreundersøkelsene viser at elevene vektlegger risikoer ved vaksinene og tilhørende sykdom, solidaritet og tillit til samfunnet som informasjonskilde, i møte med vaksinevalg. Lærerintervjuet, i samarbeid med spørreundersøkelsene, viser at elevene sitter på ferdigheter nødvendig for å ta informerte valg,
men ferdighetene er enda ikke utviklet nok.
Denne studiens konklusjon er at elevene kan lære å ta informerte vaksinevalg gjennom SSIundervisningsopplegget som det brukt i forskningsprosjektet, dersom det blir utført over
lenger tid, og undervisningsopplegget tilpasses til ulike kontekster.In an uncertain world, where more and more conflicts are emerging, it is essential that students learn critical thinking, reflection and to truly listen to others. These are skills necessary for our democracy, and they are recognizable in the three interdisciplinary topics in LK20. The skills these interdisciplinary topics are meant to evolve in students, must be
trained through argumentation, group discussions, and by placing students into situations where they don’t agree with each other.
The purpose of this study is to explore what students emphasize in their vaccine choice, and whether a teaching program based on previous SSI research can contribute to that students make informed decisions. The purpose of the study is defined into empiric research questions: 1) Which values do the students emphasize when they are faced with a vaccine choice, and what do they believe to be credible sources? 2) How can the teaching program support students in the process of making informed decisions within controversial topics?
The study has the design of a qualitative single- case study, where the teaching program has been implemented in one biology class of 19 students. The teaching program is based on debate, group discussion and role play, that previous research claims will improve the outcomes of the SSI teaching program and thus improve the skills essential for making informed decisions.
The students’ priorities and ability to make informed decisions have been investigated through two qualitative surveys, and the findings are discussed up against previous research. A teacher interview with the subject teacher has been used to show possible changes in the students apart from a regular teaching situation, and to have a basis for comparison for the researcher’s interpretations of the surveys. Both the qualitative surveys and the teacher interview was analyzed using a modified version of the framework from Lundström et al. (2012).
The findings after analyzing the two qualitative surveys show that students emphasize the consequences of the vaccines and the associated disease, solidarity, and trust in the community as a source of information, when faced with a vaccine choice. The teacher interview, in collaboration with the surveys, showed that students have the skills needed to make informed decisions, but they have not evolved enough yet.
This study’s conclusion is that students may learn to make informed vaccine choices through the SSI teaching program used in this research project, if the program is preformed over longer time, and it is adapted to different contexts
Plastic Pollution and Trophic Niche Differentiation in Herbivorous Reef Fish from an Urbanised Reef in Maceió, Brazil.
Get PDFMarine coral reefs are experiencing rapid degradation, particularly in urbanised coastal areas where anthropogenic pressures such as pollution and habitat disturbance are most intense. Plastics in particular have been damaging for ocean wildlife and entering and accumulating in the trophic food chain. This study aims to assess the extent of plastic pollution on the Ponta Verde reef and nearby beach in Maceió, Brazil. In addition, I investigate the niche differentiation of two herbivorous reef fish species, the ocean surgeon (Acanthurus bahianus) and the grey parrotfish (Spparisoma axillare), and their potential ingestion of plastics. Macro (> 5mm) litter was collected using line transects on the beach and snorkelling transects on the reef once per month from November 2023 to August 2024. Sand samples were collected from each transect once per month from November 2023 to August 2024 and analysed for micro (<5mm) litter particles. Muscle tissue from under the dorsal fins of the two species were used to perform stable isotope analysis (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) to assess ecological niche differentiation and trophic positioning. gut content was analysed to evaluate plastic ingestion. There was significantly more macro litter on the beach compared to the reef. However, plastic was the dominant form of litter in both environments, accounting for over 80% of macro litter. Similarly, plastic accounted for over 70% of micro litter in both environments. Stable isotope analysis revealed a clear separation of isotopic niche between the two species. Observational data showed both species preferred to bite the turf material within the EAM (epilithic algal matrix). Neither one of the species showed signs of plastic ingestion. The significant dominance of plastics among macro and micro litter across reef and beach environments underscores the persistent nature of plastic pollution and its tendency to fragment into smaller particles over time. S. axillare displayed a broader isotopic niche, suggesting a more varied diet, while A. bahianus occupied a higher trophic position, suggesting a more nitrogen rich diet. Given that both species preferred turf as biting material, the differences in isotopic niche suggest that they target different components within the EAM. Despite the presence of plastic pollution in the reef environment, no plastic was detected in the gut contents of either species. This suggests that, under current conditions, plastic ingestion does not pose a significant threat to these herbivorous fish species
Mot en bærekraftig urban transformasjon: En studie av en mellomstor norsk by
No full textTransformasjon av byområder er et tema som får stadig større oppmerksomhet innen byplanlegging og byutvikling. I møte
med urban vekst, klimaendringer og behovet for bærekraftige løsninger, fremstår transformasjonsprosjekter som et sentralt virkemiddel for å fornye og forbedre eksisterende byområder. I stedet for å bygge ned verdifulle naturområder og dyrket mark, åpner transformasjon for en mer effektiv og bærekraftig utnyttelse av allerede utbygde strukturer. Slike prosjekter innebærer imidlertid ofte komplekse utfordringer, ettersom nye funksjoner må tilpasses en eksisterende bystruktur og et etablert omland. Dette gjør transformasjon til et faglig og praktisk interessant tema, med høy relevans for dagens planleggingspraksis. En bærekraftig transformasjon skal resultere i byer som er miljømessige og sosialt bærekraftige.
De overordnede temaene som behandles i oppgaven er byutvikling og arealstrategier, mobilitet og tilgjengelighet, byrom og bylivskvaliteter, samt klimatilpasning og bærekraft. En sentral del av analysen er å undersøke hvordan disse temaene opererer i konteksten av mellomstore norske byer. Dette innebærer en mindre skala enn det som ofte diskuteres i internasjonal litteratur, og skiller seg fra forskningsfokuset i Norge, som i stor grad er rettet mot Oslo. Å arbeide med en norsk kontekst innebærer også særegne forhold for Norge, som kulturelt forankret bilavhengighet og klimatiske utfordringer knyttet til vinterforhold, som gir begrensninger for gangvennlighet og utemiljøer.
Prosjektområdet for oppgaven er Stensarmen i Tønsberg kommune, en bydel som er preget av storvarehandel og grå asfalterte områder. Tønsberg er en mellomstor norsk by med nærmere 60 000 innbyggere, med en geografisk plassering ved Oslofjorden og i nærhet til Oslo. Området ligger i gangavstand til bykjernen, men har i dag en svak kobling til sentrum og bidrar ikke med noe byliv. Samtidig har området sjøfront og naturreservat, noe som gir et betydelig potensial for utvikling av en attraktiv bydel med nærhet til både by, sjø og natur.
Oppgaven tar for seg ulike teoretiske perspektiver på bærekraftig urban transformasjon i en mellomstor norsk by med sjøfront, og belyser hvilke hensyn og utfordringer som følger med en slik kontekst. Et sentralt formål er å belyse hvordan teoretiske prinsipper implementeres i praksis, og hvordan denne kunnskapen kan bidra til å styrke planleggingsarbeidet
i tilsvarende kontekster. Videre undersøkes hvordan fortetting kan gjennomføres med hensyn til lokale forhold i mellomstore byer med sjøfront. Med mål om å fremme folkehelse og redusere klimagassutslipp, vurderes hvordan arealutvikling og tilknyttede tiltak kan bidra til mer gangvennlige bymiljøer. Det legges også vekt på hvordan man kan skape gode og inkluderende byrom i transformasjonsprosesser, særlig i byrommet mellom land og sjø. For at byer skal være rustet mot framtidige klimaendringer, belyses klimatilpasning som et sentralt tema. Det undersøkes hvordan naturbaserte løsninger kan kombineres med overvannshåndtering og samtidig styrke områdets grønnstruktur, estetikk og funksjonelle kvalitet.
Oppgaven søker å besvare problemstillingen:
“Hvordan kan det planlegges for en bærekraftig urban transformasjon i mellomstore norske byer, med Stensarmen i Tønsberg som prosjektområde? “
Problemstillingen drøftes gjennom underordnede forskningsspørsmål innen grønn mobilitet og gangvennlighet, gode byrom og klimatilpasning. Disse danner grunnlaget for det avsluttende forskningsspørsmål og planforslaget for transformasjon av Stensarmen.
Hovedfunnene i oppgaven viser at bærekraftig urban transformasjon krever god planlegging allerede fra tidlig fase, og at det er nødvendig å se ulike kvaliteter og hensyn i sammenheng. Det er samtidig betydelig potensial for å oppnå helhetlig bærekraft innen både mobilitet, miljø og sosiale forhold.Urban transformation is gaining increasing attention in the fields of urban planning and development. In the face of urban growth, climate change, and the need for sustainable solutions, transformation projects have emerged as a key tool for renewing and improving existing urban areas. Rather than expanding into valuable natural landscapes and agricultural land, transformation allows for more efficient and sustainable use of already developed structures. However, such projects often involve complex challenges, as new functions must be adapted to existing urban structures and established environments. As a result, urban transformation is both a professionally and practically relevant topic, with high relevance in contemporary planning practice. A sustainable transformation must result in cities that are both environmentally and socially sustainable.
The thesis explores themes of urban development and land-use strategies, mobility and accessibility, public space and urban
life qualities, as well as climate adaptation and sustainability. A key part of the analysis is investigating how these themes operate within the context of medium-sized Norwegian cities. This means a smaller scale than that which is often discussed in international literature, and is separate from the focus on research in Norway, which is in large part concentrated on Oslo. Working in a Norwegian context also introduces particular conditions for Norway, such as a culturally rooted car dependency and winter- related climate challenges that affect walkability and outdoor environments.
The project area for the thesis is Stensarmen in the municipality of Tønsberg, a neighbourhood currently characterized by large- scale retail and grey asphalted surfaces. Tønsberg is a medium- sized Norwegian city with approximately 60,000 inhabitants, geographically placed along the Oslofjord and in proximity to Oslo. The area lies within walking distance of the city centre, but currently has a weak connection to the city centre and contributes little to urban life. At the same time, the area is located along the waterfront and adjacent to a nature reserve, which gives the area considerable potential for development into an attractive neighbourhood with proximity to the city, sea, and nature.
The thesis examines different theoretical perspectives on sustainable urban transformation in a medium-sized Norwegian city with a waterfront location, and highlights which considerations and challenges this context entails. A key aim is to highlight how theoretical principles are implemented in practice, and how this knowledge can strengthen planning efforts in corresponding settings. It further investigates how densification can be carried out with consideration for local conditions in medium-sized cities along the waterfront. With a goal of promoting public health and reducing emissions, the thesis considers how area development and associated measures can contribute to more walkable urban environments. It also stresses how one can make good and inclusive public space in transformation processes, particularly in the zone between land and sea. So that cities can be better prepared for future climate change, the thesis highlights climate adaptation as a central theme. The thesis investigates how nature-based solutions can be combined with storm water management and simultaneously strengthen the area’s green structure, aesthetics, and functional quality.
The thesis seeks to answer the question:
“How can sustainable urban transformation be planned for in medium-sized Norwegian cities, with Stensarmen in Tønsberg as a project area?”
This question is considered through research questions on green mobility and walkability, good public spaces, and climate adaptation. These form the foundation for the final research question and the planning proposal for the transformation of Stensarmen.
The main findings in the thesis show that sustainable urban transformation requires thorough planning from an early stage and that it is necessary to see the different qualities and considerations as a whole. There is also significant potential for achieving holistic sustainability across mobility, environment, and social dimensions
Fecal microbiota transplant : canine application
Get PDFForskningsoppgave 2025Oppgaven er et litteraturstudium som tar for seg fekal mikrobiota transplantasjon (FMT) benyttet ved behandling av hund. FMT er et område som fremdeles er mer utforsket i humanmedisin enn i veterinære sirkler, så formålet med denne oppgaven var undersøkelsen av artikler hvor FMT har blitt valgt som behandlingsform. I tillegg var det mange av artiklene som valgte å sammenligne FMT med andre behandlinger som antibiotika eller probiotika, noe som også ble en stor del av oppgavens analyse. Til sammen ble seks vitenskapelige artikler og to kasusrapporter inkludert, tre omhandlende akutt diaré pasienter, mens de tre resterende samt kasusrapportene omhandlet kroniske tarmssykdomspasienter. Det ble rapportert fraværende eller negativ effekt etter FMT-behandling hos ti pasienter (av totalt 41) fra én artikkel. Alle de resterende artiklene rapporterte positiv effekt i etterkant av FMT, med en mer gunstig restitusjon sammenlignet med kohortgrupper gitt antibiotika. Metodikken som benyttes ved FMT-forberedelser har ikke store variasjoner blant de utvalgte artiklene. Tilfellene hvor man ser at én enkeltfaktor ved metodikken har blitt gjort annerledes har ofte andre forskjeller rundt behandlingen som gjør det vanskelig å sammenligne kun den ene faktorens effekt.This assignment is a literary study examining fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) used in the treatment of dogs. FMT is a field which has been explored more within human medicine than in veterinary circles. Therefore the goal of this assignment was the closer inspection of articles where FMT was chosen for use. In addition to this, many of the articles included ran simultaneous comparisons with other groups of patients receiving treatments such as antibiotics or probiotics. This comparison between FMT and other means of treatment also evolved into becoming a large part of the analysis performed in this assigment. Six scientific articles were included, three of which examined patients with acute diarrhea, while the remaining three as well as two additional case reports concerned patients with chronic gastrointestinal disease.
Ten patients (of a total 41) from a single scientific article were the only group to be reported as having none or negative effects following treatment with FMT. All other articles and cases reported a positive effect from FMT, with a pattern of outperforming antibiotics when it comes to the topic of gut health.
The methods employed during FMT-preparations do not feature a lot of variance among the chosen articles. It has been challenging to spot any meaningful differences for the few instances where single factors have been different.updatedVersionVE
Milk fever in cattle : clinical symptoms, treatment and survival in cases from the practice area of the Ambulatory Clinic at NMBU Veterinary College
No full textDette er en retrospektiv observasjonsstudie der vi har gjennomgått journaler som inneholder diagnosen klinisk hypokalsemi (melkefeber) hos storfe behandlet ved Ambulatorisk klinikk ved NMBU i tidsrommet 01.01.2021 - 31.08.2024. Formålet med oppgaven var å kartlegge kliniske symptomer, behandling og overlevelse ved melkefebertilfeller hos melkekyr i Ambulatorisk klinikk sitt praksisområde.
Datasettet inneholder 85 behandlinger fordelt på 49 melkefebertilfeller fra 16 besetninger. Det er totalt beskrevet 55 forskjellige variabler ved besøkene. Andelen kyr som hadde melkefeber oppgitt som utrangeringsårsak (6,7%) var innenfor de 5-10% mortalitetsrate som er beskrevet i litteraturen. Det var 42,9% av pasientene som har fått målt blodkalsiumnivå før første behandling. 42,9% av disse hadde et nivå som var under øvre grense for klinisk hypokalsemi (< 1,4 mmol/l), og 90,4% var under grensen for subklinisk hypokalsemi (≤ 2,0 mmol/l). Majoriteten (78,7%) av tilfellene fant sted 0-2 dager etter kalving, og kun 14,9% fant sted etter dag 5. Av kyrene som utviklet hypokalsemi etter dag 5 var 33% (2 av 6) utrangert innen 2 dager og 83% (5 av 6) utrangert innen 60 dager.VE
Age and Career Resilience Through the Lens of Life Course Theory: Examining Individual Mechanisms and Macro-Level Context Across 28 Countries
Get PDFCareer resilience is critical to the world's aging workforce, aiding older workers in adapting to the ever-evolving nature of work. While ageist stereotypes often depict older workers as less resilient when faced with workplace changes, existing research studies offer conflicting evidence on whether older age hinders or improves career resilience. In response to this conflicting evidence, the present study employs multi-level data from 6772 employees in 28 countries to examine the age-career resilience relationships and underlying mechanisms, hence advancing our understanding of career resilience across the life course. By integrating macro-contextual factors such as the unemployment rate and the culture of education with individual-level mechanisms such as positive career meaning and career optimism, we provide a comprehensive model explaining how career resilience varies across age groups. Grounded in life course theory, our findings resolve prior inconsistencies in resilience research, contribute to bridging the micro-macro gap in HRM literature, and challenge existing age-based stereotypes.publishedVersio
Synthesis of Fluorescently Labelled Oligosaccharides for Bacterial Uptake Studies
Get PDFGellan gum is a linear exopolysaccharide, with a tetrasaccharide repeating unit, produced by the bacterium Sphingomonas elodea and is commercially used as a stabilising agent in various food products. Despite being used in foods, little is known about its biological degradation and its effect on gut bacterial communities. To identify individual bacterial strains involved in gellan degradation, a method was devised for making fluorescent gellan oligosaccharide glycoconjugates to be used in bacterial uptake assays.
For this project, a defined gellan tetrasaccharide was produced using endoenzymes that cleave a specific β-1,4-glycosidic bonds in the gellan chain. The tetrasaccharide was purified using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Multiple fluorescent labels, which attach selectively to the reducing end, such as carboxyfluorescein and anthranilamide, were synthesised in gram scale for generation of the gellan tetrasaccharide glycoconjugate. The purity and chemical structure of the labels were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and MS. Before experimenting with the gellan tetrasaccharide, which was of limited quantity, a variety of the synthesised labels were attached to a model substrate, cellobiose. These model glycoconjugate compounds were utilised for probing a known gellan and cellobiose metabolising bacterium, Sphingobacterium multivorum MK1, to develop a robust method and workflow before labelling the gellan tetrasaccharide. The preliminary results showed bacterial growth on the labelled cellobiose, with strong fluorescing cells, however, surprisingly few cells exhibited green fluorescence. No growth was accomplished with the labelled tetrasaccharide fed cells. Additional experiments were therefore conducted, enabling comparison between reducing-end labelling and the well-established statistical labelling of carbohydrates.
Ultimately, this works shows the potential of reducing-end labelling of carbohydrates in aiding research on metabolic labelling of bacteria. Establishing a method that can be used to analyse the bacterial uptake of different polysaccharides can provide valuable insight into how individual strains of the complex bacterial communities of the gut microbiota respond to specific substrates