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A calibrated imputation method for secondary data analysis of survey data
Get PDFIn practical survey sampling, missing data are unavoidable due to nonresponse, rejected observations by editing, disclosure control, or outlier suppression. We propose a calibrated imputation approach so that valid point and variance estimates of the population (or domain) totals can be computed by the secondary users using simple complete‐sample formulae. This is especially helpful for variance estimation, which generally require additional information and tools that are unavailable to the secondary users. Our approach is natural for continuous variables, where the estimation may be either based on reweighting or imputation, including possibly their outlier‐robust extensions. We also propose a multivariate procedure to accommodate the estimation of the covariance matrix between estimated population totals, which facilitates variance estimation of the ratios or differences among the estimated totals. We illustrate the proposed approach using simulation data in supplementary materials that are available online.Brazilian Research Council, 211518/2013‐1acceptedVersio
An up-to-date joint labor supply and child care choice model
Get PDFNorwegian parents of preschool children base their care choices on a completely different choice set from their predecessor. Now there is essentially only one type of nonparental care – center-based care – and on the parental side fathers take a more pivotal role in early childhood care. In the present paper we develop and estimate a joint labor supply and child care choice model that takes account of these new characteristics, on the assumption that this model points to current and future modeling directions for several other economies too. Estimations suggest that the average wage elasticity for mothers is 0.25–0.30.acceptedVersio
Færre med store barneflokker – Hvilken betydning har endringer i kvinners arbeidstid for nedgangen i fødselstallene?
Get PDFAndelen kvinner med minst tre barn har gått ned de siste tiårene i Norge, også blant grupper som vanligvis har fått mange barn. Samtidig har kvinnene i økende grad gått over fra å arbeide deltid til heltid. Vi undersøker i hvilken grad overgangen til heltidsarbeid kan forklare nedgangen i tredjefødsler blant kvinnelige lærere, sykepleiere og leger. Selv omheltidsansatte sykepleiere og lærere får færre barn enn deltidsansatte, finner vi at heltidsarbeid bare i noen grad kan forklare nedgangen i tredjefødsler. At færre kvinner velger å få tre barn kan dermed være et utrykk for endringer i preferanser for antall barn en ønsker seg.publishedVersio
The climate spiral demonstrates the power of sharing creative ideas
Get PDFGraphical visualisations have the potential to engage diverse audiences in understanding the changes to our climate, especially when spread worldwide using both traditional and social media. The animated global temperature spiral was one of the first climate graphics to ‘go viral’, being viewed by millions of people online and by more than a billion people when it was used in the Opening Ceremony of the 2016 Rio Olympics. The idea, design and communication aspects that led to the successes of this animated graphic are discussed, highlighting the benefits to scientists of engaging actively online and openly sharing their creative ideas.The climate spiral demonstrates the power of sharing creative ideasEH was funded by the UK National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), and by the Natural Environment Research Council (grant: NE/I020792/1).publishedVersio
A Common Base Answer to the Question “Which Country is Most Redistributive?”
Get PDFWe believe that what most authors have in mind when referring to the “most redistributive country” is a tax/transfer schedule that is most redistributive across all pre‐tax/transfer income distributions. To measure each country's tax and transfers redistribution according to the same baseline, this paper suggests using the transplant‐and‐compare method of Dardanoni and Lambert (2002) to establish a common base. The redistributive effects of countries’ tax and transfer schedules are illustrated by employing micro data on eight countries from Luxembourg Income Study (LIS). Of the eight, Finland is found to be the most redistributive country according to the common base methodacceptedVersio
Parental leave policies and continued childbearing in Iceland, Norway, and Sweden
Get PDFDemographic theories maintain that family policies that support gender equality may lead to higher fertility levels in postindustrial societies. This phenomenon is often exemplified by the situation in the Nordic countries. These countries have parental leave policies that promote a gender-equal work-care balance for both parents, and these countries have comparatively high fertility levels. However, very little is known about the association between these policies and childbearing at the individual level.publishedVersio
Who benefited from industrialization? The local effects of hydropower technology adoption in Norway
Get PDFThis paper studies the impact of the construction of hydropower facilities on labor market outcomes in Norway at the turn of the twentieth century (1891–1920). The sudden breakthrough in hydropower technology provides a quasi-experimental setting, as not all municipalities had suitable natural endowments and the possible production sites were often located in remote areas. We find that hydropower municipalities experienced faster structural transformation and displayed higher occupational mobility. We interpret this as evidence that this early twentieth-century technology was skill biased, as workers in the new skilled jobs were recruited from a broad segment of the population.acceptedVersio
Is the marginal cost of public funds equal to one?
Get PDFIn a recent article Bas Jacobs found that the marginal cost of public funds (MCF) is one when taxation gives second best resource allocation.
This conclusion is based on a claim that there are certain shortcomings with the standard definition of MCF, for example that the size and sign of the standard MCF measure is sensitive to the choice of the untaxed good. A less frequently used definition of MCF is therefore applied instead. If a lump-sum tax is a marginal source for public revenue and taxation is optimal, MCF is one with the proposed definition. The contribution of the present paper is two-fold. First, it finds the standard MCF-measure is not sensitive to the choice of the untaxed good. Second, it finds that the proposed alternative definition has undesirable properties, for example that it could give negative MCF-measures along the upward sloping part of the Laffer-curve and is sensitive to the choice of the untaxed good also in cases where this does not make sense. The present paper therefore concludes that there is a weak basis for the conclusion that MCF is one with optimal taxation
Mediebruksundersøkelsen 2018: Dokumentasjonsrapport
Get PDFI dette notatet legger Statistisk sentralbyrå (SSB) fram en metodisk dokumentasjon
av Mediebruksundersøkelsen 2018. Avdeling for digitalisering og fellesfunksjoner
(SSB) har stått for innsamlingen av dataene i undersøkelsen, som ble gjennomført
på oppdrag fra Seksjon for utdanning- og kulturstatistikk (SSB). Undersøkelsen er
finansiert med midler fra MedietilsynetpublishedVersio
Estimering av leieinntekter fra næringseiendom: Oppdatert med tall for 2017
Get PDFFormålet med publikasjonen er å gi en detaljert dokumentasjon av den modellen
som SSB har estimert til å beregne leieinntekter fra næringseiendom i Norge.
Modellen bygger på innrapporterte leieinntekter fra næringseiendom til
Skatteetaten i perioden 2009 til 2017, og beregner gjennomsnittlige leieinntekter
pr. kvadratmeter for næringseiendom, avhengig av størrelse, geografisk plassering
og hovedfunksjon til eiendommen.
I notatet blir prisfunksjonen først presentert, etterfulgt av hvordan landet er delt inn
i ulike prissoner.publishedVersio