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Hvem er mest fornøyd med samlivet? : samlivskvalitet blant samboere og gifte
No full textArtiklene i Samfunnsspeilet er tilgjengelige fra SSBs nettsider: http://www.ssb.no/ssp/Norge og Sverige er land der samboerskap har en lang historie, og der denne samlivsformen er mest utbredt. I dag er et av fire samliv her til lands samboerskap. Men også her er det forskjeller mellom samboere og gifte. Hvis vi sammenlikner samlivskvaliteten blant samboere og gifte, finner vi at unge samboere i alderen 25 til 35 år er minst fornøyd med samlivet sitt. Samboere med planer om å gifte seg med partneren er imidlertid like fornøyde som dem som allerede er gift
Sprikende tall på utvikling for FN-målene : hvordan måle FNs tusenårsmål
No full textArtiklene i Samfunnsspeilet er tilgjengelige fra SSBs nettsider: http://www.ssb.no/ssp/I 2000 ble medlemslandene i FN enige om åtte utviklingsmål som skulle brukes til å følge med på utviklingen i levekår på globalt nivå, de såkalte tusenårsmålene. Innen 2015 skal verden ha sett betydelige framskritt på en rekke områder som er viktige for mennesker som lever i utviklingsland. Men ofte viser statistikk som skal beskrive denne utviklingen ulike resultater. Statistikkbyråer i sju utviklingsland har samarbeidet med Statistisk sentralbyrå (SSB) her i Norge for å synliggjøre disse ulikhetene ved statistikken
The Financial accelerator and the real economy. Self-reinforcing feedback loops in a core macro econometric model for Norway
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in PDF are available on the Internet:
http://www.ssb.noAbstract:
This paper gives a brief description and studies the salient features of a core macro-econometric model that allows for self-reinforcing co-movements between credit, asset prices and real economic activity, often denominated a financial accelerator in the literature. In contrast to the economic literature that cultivates highly stylized model representations aimed at illustrating the working and the implications of such a feature, the model of this paper integrates no less than two mutually reinforcing financial accelerator mechanisms in a full-fledged core macroeconomic model framework. Noteworthy, the impulse response pattern overall of such a model turns out to be very much in line with the ones one would have expected using a SVAR/DSGE modelling framework, though the amplitude of shocks is in most cases stronger than the ones pertaining to these kind of models. This is due to the working of the financial accelerators that contribute to magnify the effects of shocks to the economy. Furthermore, a forecast comparison undertaken between our model and an alternative macro econometric model not furnished with a financial block, suggests that financial feedback mechanisms have got the potential of boosting the forecasting property of theory-informed macro econometric models. Hence, in addition to enhancing the practical relevance of a model by incorporating a mechanism of high real-world authenticity, financial accelerators seem to come with a couple of values added. Namely, to i) guarantee against a systematic underestimation of the effects of macroeconomic shocks and to ii) be forecast-promoting. ____________Keywords: The Financial Accelerator, Structural Vector Error Correction Modelling, Core Macroeconomic Modelling, Impulse response analysi
Untraditional caring arrangments among parents living apart : the case of Norway
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In spite of more symmetric parental roles in couples, shared residence is still practiced by a minority
of parents following partnership dissolution in Norway, and the same is true for father sole custody.
Utilising a survey of parents living apart in 2004, we find that shared residence is particularly likely
when the father has a medium or high income, the mother is highly educated, the parents split up
rather recently, the mother is currently married and the parents have no other children in their
present households. Father sole custody is most likely when the mother has low income, the father
has high income, the parents were formally married prior to the breakup, the child is a boy, the child
is fairly old, the father is single and the mother has children in her current household. More equal
parenting roles in couples in younger generations as well as policies urging parents to collaborate
about their children’s upbringing when they split up, may lead to an increase in shared residence in
the years to come, and perhaps also to new groups of parents practicing such an arrangement
How do banks' funding costs affect interest margins?
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We use a dynamic factor model and a detailed panel data set with quarterly accounts data on all Norwegian banks to study the effects of banks' funding costs on their retail rates. Banks' funds are categorized into two groups: customer deposits and long-term wholesale funding (market funding from private and institutional investors including other banks). The cost of market funding is represented in the model by the three-month Norwegian Inter Bank Offered Rate (NIBOR) and the spread of unsecured senior bonds issued by Norwegian banks. Our estimates show clear evidence of incomplete pass-through: a unit increase in NIBOR leads to an approximately 0.8 increase in bank rates. On the other hand, the difference between banks' loan and deposit rates is independent of NIBOR. Our findings are consistent with the view that banks face a downward-sloping demand curve for loans and an upward-sloping supply curve for customer deposits. ___________________________Keywords: interest rates, NIBOR, pass-through, funding costs, bank panel data, dynamic factor mode
Type, number, and incidence : recent patterns and differentials in relationship careers in Norway
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Using data on individuals born 1946 to 1972 from the Norwegian Generations and Gender Survey (N = 7,587) we examine differentials in the number and incidence of co-residential relationships by gender and socioeconomic status. Regarding number of relationships, we found that women and younger respondents more often than men and older respondents reported having had two or more unions. 10% of the men and 5% of the women had no union experience by age 35. Controlling for relevant characteristics, our multivariate results showed that high income men experienced fewer unions than lower income men. Having a low income increased the odds of remaining single among men, whereas there was a positive association between tertiary education and remaining unpartnered among women.
Keywords: Cohabitation, gender, GGS, marriage, Norway, relationship career, socioeconomic resourcesThe Research Council of Norway supported this research through Grant 194222/V2
On the meaning and measurement of redistribution in cross-country comparisons
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in PDF are available on the Internet:
http://www.ssb.noAbstract:
Empirical findings on the relationship between income inequality and redistribution from a cross-country perspective are not conclusive. One reason may be that observers have in mind different concepts of redistribution. A major factor is that comparator countries’ pre-fisc distributions typically differ markedly, and account is taken of this differently (if at all) by different measures of redistribution. The ambiguities can be resolved by applying the “transplant-and-compare” approach, rendering fiscal regimes into a common base by adjusting for differences in pre-fisc income inequality, and then measuring the “pure” effect of tax-and-transfer policies using this benchmark. We illustrate both what is possible, and what remains problematic, using this technique, by conducting an exploratory international comparison, based on microdata from the Luxembourg Income Study database in combination with more aggregated information from the OECD, for 15 countries.
Keywords: Redistributive effect; Personal income tax; Cross-country comparisonThis work was supported by the Norwegian Research Council, Grant 187403. We are also grateful to the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), http://www.lisproject.org/techdoc.htm, for making cross-country income and tax data available. An extended version of the present paper was published as Working Paper No 532 by Luxembourg Income Study
Vernepliktige opp i vekt : skråblikk på statistikk
No full textArtiklene i Samfunnsspeilet er tilgjengelige fra SSBs nettsider: http://www.ssb.no/ssp/Norske vernepliktige har blitt nesten tre kilo tyngre de siste 15 årene. Høyden har stabilisert seg på 1,80 meter etter å ha økt jevnt de siste 100 årene. Stagnert høyde og økt vekt gjør at forholdet mellom høyde og vekt, målt ved BMI, øker.
Norske menn har lovfestet verneplikt og blir både veid og målt ved sesjon. Vektmålingene finnes som offentlig statistikk fra 1995, mens høydedata finnes helt tilbake til 1878
Vaksne bruker tannlegetenester ulikt : tannhelse blant vaksne
No full textArtiklene i Samfunnsspeilet er tilgjengelige fra SSBs nettsider: http://www.ssb.no/ssp/Det er til dels store forskjellar i bruken av tannlegetenester blant vaksne. Kvinner går oftare til tannlegen enn menn, og dei yngste går sjeldnast. Vidare går dei med høg utdanning og høg inntekt oftare til tannlege, og dei har langt mindre udekte behov for tenester enn dei med høvesvis låg utdanning og låg inntekt. Dei med god eigenvurdert tannhelse og helse går dessutan oftare til tannlege, er sjeldnare i kontakt med tannlege på grunn av akutte problem, og har mindre udekte behov for tannlegetenester enn dei med dårleg eigenvurdert tannhelse og helse
Sjøkabel eller luftlinje i Hardanger : en samfunnsøkonomisk analyse
Get PDFArtikkelen er gjengitt med tillatelse fra Samfunnsøkonomenes Forening.Statnett fikk 2. juli 2010 konsesjon til å bygge en 420 kV kraftledning i luftspenn mellom Sima
og Samnanger. På bakgrunn av sterke ønsker om en ny vurdering av sjøkabelalternativet på
deler av strekningen, besluttet regjeringen i august 2010 at det skulle fortas en ny og uavhengig
gjennomgang av dette alternativet. Utvalg IVs mandat var å se på de samfunnsøkonomiske virkningene
av sjøkabelalternativer og sammenligne disse med virkningene ved det konsesjonsgitte
luftalternativet. Utvalgets konklusjon var at sjøkabelalternativet og det konsesjonsgitte luftlinjealternativet
er likeverdige med hensyn til forsyningssikkerhet. Sjøkabelalternativer med følgevirkninger
kan ha en merkostnad for investeringer som utvalget anslår til rundt 30 milliarder
kroner. Luftlinjealternativet innebærer på sin side betydelige naturinngrep