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Human-Centric Approach to Cyber Threat Identification: The Role of Cognition, Experience, and Education in Decision-Making
Full text linkThis study explores the impact of human factors on cybersecurity, emphasizing how cognitive biases and the blend of knowledge, experience, and education affect cyber threat detection. It reveals that specialized education and experience enhance the ability to identify complex threats. The research, using a gamified questionnaire, assesses decision-making in simulated cyber attacks, highlighting the value of domain expertise in critical tasks like threat identification and response. It suggests further research into confidence and self-efficacy's roles in cybersecurity and underscores the need for focused training to improve detection skills and incident reporting, aiming to bolster cybersecurity defences.publishedVersio
Insights into suggested Responsible AI (RAI) practices in real-world settings: a systematic literature review
Full text linkAI-enabled systems have significant societal benefits, but only if they are developed, deployed, and used responsibly. We systematically review 45 empirical studies in real-world settings to identify suggested Responsible AI (RAI) practices to ensure that AI-enabled systems uphold stakeholders' legitimate interests and fundamental rights. Our findings highlight eleven areas of suggested RAI practices: harm prevention, accountability, fairness and equity, explainability, AI literacy, privacy and security, human-AI calibration, interdisciplinary stakeholder involvement, value creation, RAI governance, and AI deployment effects. Our findings also show that there are more discussions about how RAI is supposed to be practiced than existing RAI practices. Ad hoc implementation of RAI practices in real-world settings is concerning because almost 80% of the AI-enabled systems reported in the 45 included articles are applied in use cases that can be categorised as high-risk settings, and over half are reported in the deployment phase. Our findings also highlight the crucial role of stakeholders in ensuring RAI. Identifying stakeholders into user, non-user, and primary stakeholders can thus help understand the dynamics of the settings where AI-enabled systems are (to be) deployed and guide the implementation of RAI practices. In conclusion, although there is a consensus that RAI practices are a necessity, their implementation in realworld is still in its early day. The involvement of all relevant stakeholders is irreplaceable in driving and shaping RAI practices. There is a need for more comprehensive and inclusive RAI research to advance RAI practices in real-world settings.publishedVersio
Facing the future: The case of the Response Centre of Tromsø Municipality
Full text linkSource at https://ebooks.iospress.nl/volumearticle/72571Introduction. The increased demands put on the health and care services coupled with technological developments have formed an impetus for the implementation of assistive (or, welfare) technologies in the Norwegian health and care sector. Methods. We discuss the organization and functionality of a unit that monitors and coordinates the use of these technologies, named a ‘Response Centre’ in a Norwegian municipality. Results. We briefly present some of the assistive technology devices in current use, and discuss some ethical dilemmas that arise with their implementation in the care of the elderly and disabled. Conclusion. Assistive technolgies are likely to become increasingly important in the health and welfare sector as the proportion of eldery persons increases.publishedVersio
‘KOM DEG OVER’ – klasseerfaringer i Maria Navarro Skarangers roman Emily forever (2021)
Full text linkI artikkelen retter vi et analytisk blikk mot Maria Navarro Skarangers roman Emily forever (2021). Den teoretiske forankringen for analysen finnes i skjæringspunktet mellom Bourdieus teori om klasseposisjon og det sosiale rommet (Bourdieu, 1995), Standings teori om prekariatet (Standing, 2014) og Skeggs’ respektabilitetsteori (Skeggs, 1999). Med dette som teoretisk bakteppe undersøker vi hvordan Emilys økonomiske, kulturelle og sosiale kapital setter henne i en utsatt posisjon.In this article, we take an analytical look at Maria Navarro Skaranger’s novel Emily forever (2021). The theoretical grounding for the analysis is found in the point of intersection between Bourdieu’s theory of class position and the social space (Bourdieu, 1995), Standing’s theory of the precariat (Standing, 2014) and Skeggs’ respectability theory (Skeggs, 1999). With this as a theoretical backdrop, we examine how Emily’s economic, cultural, and social capital puts her in a vulnerable position.publishedVersio
Enhancing data sovereignty to improve intelligent mobility services in smart cities
Full text linkSmart cities aim to provide more digitalized, equitable, sustainable, and liveable cities. In smart cities data evolves as an important asset and citizens data in particular is being used to provide data-driven mobility services. Likewise, in smart cities data is produced and used by individuals having no ownership or control over these data thus affecting their security and privacy. Also, actors such as mobility service providers, companies, third parties, etc. often leverage individuals’ data without regarding users’ autonomy. Accordingly, data sovereignty which entails the possibility to govern and keep control over owned data is gaining widespread attention. As a result, stakeholders in the mobility sector need to share data whilst keeping control to manage data access and usage. Although, existing initiatives are promoting sovereign participation using a federated infrastructure. However, achieving an effective governance usage control and access mechanisms can be challenging especially in the transportation sector. It is thus imperative for individuals to have control, ownership, and custody over their data. This has necessitated the notions of data sovereignty. Therefore, this article employs a systematic review to examine how data sovereignty can be achieved for individuals when they use urban mobility services in smart cities by enabling the secure sharing of data by giving control of data over to individuals. Additionally, this article designs a data control scheme that can be applied to realize data sovereign mobility services. Evidence from this study provides technical and non-technical requirements needed in realizing data sovereignty in smart cities.publishedVersio
Leveraging Distributed Ledger Technologies for Shared Seamless Electric Mobility-as-a-Service to Improve Sustainable Public Transportation in Smart Cities
Full text linkThe use of Electric Vehicles (EV) will promote urban sustainability, decrease air pollution, and reduce noise pollution. In this landscape a new mobility concept termed shared electric mobility-as-a-service (eMaaS) has emerged over the years. Shared eMaaS comprises the seamless integration of various forms of electric transport services available via one single digital platform. Although, the current shared eMaaS solutions are based mostly on fragmented and siloed systems which has resulted to issues related to the exchange of data and services from different eMaaS providers. Therefore, there is need for integrators and enablers to achieve an inter-operable and intra-operable seamless shared eMaaS. To this end, Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) is proposed in this study to enable new business models for shared electric mobility solutions. As compared to conventional approaches DLT offers a transparent, cost-efficient, and decentralized services both for managing the supply and demand sides of shared eMaaS to improve public transportation. Accordingly, this article presents a DLT based business models grounded on the literature to decentralize shared eMaaS. Qualitative data is collected from Scopus and Web of Science database, and descriptive analysis is employed to analyze the collected data. Findings from this study presents use case scenarios of how IOTA tangle as a DLT using smart contracts and IOTA wallet/tokens are deployed to design novel business models for managing seamless travel experience for electric car sharing and leasing to improve public transportation.publishedVersio
Load Invariant CC and CV modes for Static/Dynamic Wireless Charging System with Half-Bridge Multi-Leg Converter Topology
Full text linkResonant Inductive Power Transmission (RIPT) is an advanced Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology, emerging as a secure and efficient solution for Electric Vehicle (EV) charging. Although Dynamic Wireless Charging Systems (DWCS) reduce the need for large batteries compared to static charging, they require higher initial investments. This study introduces a novel approach utilizing LCC-S compensation to achieve load-invariant Constant Current (CC) and Constant Voltage (CV) outputs at two distinct Zero Phase Angle (ZPA) frequencies in DWCS, leveraging a half-bridge-based multi-legged inverter configuration. The article presents a new method with fewer iterations to determine the optimal compensation parameters, ensuring that both the CC and CV outputs with ZPA comply with the SAE J2954 frequencies standards. The half-bridge-based DWCS with LCC-S compensation is designed to operate in either CC or CV mode, depending on whether the application involves static or dynamic charging. A 1-kW LCC-S compensated DWCS prototype was developed and built to verify and support the theoretical findings and analysis. This study offers valuable insights for optimizing RIPT technology, making EV charging more efficient and cost-effective.publishedVersio
Relationship between structural brain differences and social factors associated with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review
Full text linkAdvances in neuroimaging have substantially improved our understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying neurodevelopment. Although relevant studies are scarce, social determinants, particularly socioeconomic status (SES) appears to play a crucial role in typical and atypical brain development. Different methods and scales are used to evaluate SES. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the influence of SES on brain structure in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and its potential impact on the diagnosis and severity of NDDs. The 1423 entries extracted from six databases were imported into Covidence, and 13 (7 cohort, 4 case-control, and 2 cross-sectional) studies were included in our final synthesis, encompassing a combined sample of 33,789 participants. The SES indicators used by the studies included measures of income, residential neighbourhood, and educational levels and seem to be associated with structural changes in neurodevelopment throughout life. During the early stages of development, maternal SES impacts children's brain structure and behavioural and cognitive outcomes. At older ages, parental schooling continues to be a determining factor for cognitive performance, while differences in brain structure become more evident and associated with NDDs such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.publishedVersio
Children's resistance to teachers’ norms and rules in early childhood education and care: A scoping review
Full text linkThe purpose of this scoping review is to gain insight into the empirical research conducted regarding young children's resistance and opposition to teacher norms and rules in the pedagogical context of early childhood education and care. A total of 52 publications in English, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian published between 1989 and 2023 was analysed. The studies used a variety of data collection methods and were conducted in 13 countries. They were published in 29 academic journals as well as in books and doctoral theses. A qualitative content analysis of the publications investigated the children's strategies/tactics of resistance, dividing them into the categories of open and hidden resistance. The results indicate that the publications, to a large degree, focus on open and visible forms of resistance, identifying a gap in the research regarding more discreet and silent types of resistance. The analysis also showed the potential for widening theoretical approaches and drawing inspiration from the field of resistance studies.publishedVersio
Leadership as a philosophical attitude - A qualitative study of reflective practice in everyday working life
Full text linkPurpose – This article explores leadership as a philosophical attitude. The purpose is to get a deeper understanding of leadership in everyday working life. Design/methodology/approach – The article is based on a thematic analysis of 16 qualitative research interviews with leaders of different levels within the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV). Findings – Leadership is not merely a set of skills or a functional role. The study has identified the broader implications of leadership as a philosophical attitude for personal development, motivation and social responsibility; and the relational side of leader’s social mission. Research limitations/implications – The study has examined what the interviewees say; it has not observed what they actually do. Practical implications – Leadership as a philosophical attitude deals with personal dimensions and shows how leaders can adjust their behaviour based on their character traits and the situational demands. Originality/value – This article bridges theory to practice through the empirical application of philosophical attitudes in leadership practice.publishedVersio