Jurnal Online STTKD (Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Kedirgantaraan)
Not a member yet
77141 research outputs found
Sort by
Software Profile: Harmony: a web-tool for retrospective, multilingual harmonisation of questionnaire items using natural language processing
No full textMotivation
Retrospective questionnaire harmonisation allows researchers to pool and analyse information from multiple data sources, thereby increasing reproducibility in science. Currently, harmonisation of questionnaires relies on a multi-step process where items are manually matched based on expert opinion. Harmony, a new natural-language processing tool supports researchers with fast, reproducible and multilingual measurement harmonisation.
Implementation
Harmony is a web tool which can be used from any major web-browser by non-technical users.
General features
Users can upload questionnaire meta-data in text, PDF or excel format. Once uploaded, Harmony extracts the relevant information from the files and presents them to the user. Users choose which items they would like to match. Harmony will use the cosine similarity to find the closest matches between items and present the findings including a percentage match-score.
Availability
Harmony is open-source (//github.com/harmonydata/harmony) and freely available via //app.harmonydata.org/ under the MIT licence for non-commercial use
A negative emotional state impairs individuals' ability to filter out distractors from working memory: An ERP study
No full textCapacity-limited visual working memory (VWM) requires that individuals have sufficient memory space and the ability to filter distractors. Negative emotional states are known to impact VWM storage, yet their influence on distractor filtering within VWM remains underexplored. We conducted direct neural measurement of participants (n=56) who conducted a lateralized change detection task with distractors, while manipulating the emotional state by presenting neutral or negative images before each trial. We found a detrimental effect of distractors on memory accuracy under both neutral and negative emotional states. Memory accuracy also decreased as the number of items increased. Using contralateral delay activity (CDA; sensitive to VWM load) to observe the VWM load in each condition, we found that in the neutral state, the participants showed significantly higher late CDA amplitudes when remembering 4 targets compared to 2 targets and 2 targets with 2 distractors but no significant difference when remembering 2 targets compared to 2 targets with 2 distractors. In the negative state, no significant CDA amplitude differences were evident when remembering 4 targets and 2 targets, but CDA was significantly higher when remembering 2 targets with 2 distractors compared to 2 targets. These results suggest that the maximum number of items participants could store in VWM was lower under negative emotional states than under neutral emotional states. Importantly, the participants could filter out distractors when in a neutral emotional state but not in a negative emotional state, indicating that negative emotional states impair their ability to filter out distractors in VWM
Reallocating time between movement behaviors has implications for post-secondary students’ mental health and wellbeing
No full textObjective: Examine the theoretical impact of reallocating time between self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), recreational screen time, and sleep on psychological distress and mental wellbeing among post-secondary students.
Participants: 24,742 post-secondary students (Mage=24.3±7.72 SD years; 66.4% female) from Cycle 1 of the Canadian Campus Wellbeing Survey.
Methods: Cross-sectional isotemporal substitution modelling.
Results: Replacing 20 min of screen time with either sleep or MVPA was associated with lower psychological distress, greater mental wellbeing, lower odds of reporting mild-to-severe psychological distress and low mental wellbeing, except for reallocating screen time to sleep among students who exceed the sleep guideline recommendations. Reallocating time between sleep and MVPA revealed noteworthy patterns: replacing sleep with MVPA was associated with greater mental wellbeing but not lower psychological distress.
Conclusions: Findings highlight the potential mental health benefits of replacing screen time with sleep or MVPA as an integrative whole day approach to promote campus wellness
Co-occurrence and causality among ADHD, dyslexia, and dyscalculia
No full textADHD, dyslexia and dyscalculia often co-occur. Also, the underlying continuous traits are correlated (ADHD symptoms, reading, spelling, and math skills). This may be explained by trait-to-trait causal effects and/or shared genetic and environmental factors. We studied a sample of ≤19,125 twin children and 2,150 siblings from the Netherlands Twin Register, assessed at ages 7 and 10. Children with a condition, compared to those without that condition, were 2.1 to 3.1 times more likely to have a second condition. Still, most children with ADHD, dyslexia, and/or dyscalculia (77.3%) had just one condition. Cross-lagged modelling suggested that reading causally influences spelling (β=.44). For all other trait combinations, cross-lagged modelling suggested that the trait correlations are due to genetic influences common to all traits, rather than causal influences. Thus, ADHD, dyslexia and dyscalculia seem to co-occur due to correlated genetic risks, rather than causality
The role of minority language bilingualism in spotting agreement attraction errors
No full textBilingual adaptations remain a subject of ongoing debate, with varying results reported across cognitive domains. A possible way to disentangle the apparent inconsistency of results is to focus on the domain of language processing, which is what the bilingual experience boils down to. This study delves into the role of the bilingual experience on the processing of agreement mismatches. Given the underrepresentation of minority bilingual speakers of non-standard varieties, we advance a unique comparative perspective that includes monolinguals, standard language bilinguals, and different groups of minority language bilinguals, taking advantage of the rich linguistic diversity of the Italian peninsula. This comparative approach can reveal the impact of various sociolinguistic aspects of the bilingual experience across different bilingual trajectories. We developed an auditory acceptability judgement task in Italian, featuring Subject-Verb agreement mismatches. Participants evaluated the stimuli on a 5-point Likert scale and reaction times were recorded. The results do not reveal significant differences between the speakers of standard languages: Italian monolinguals and Italian-Spanish bilinguals. Instead, significant differences are found between monolinguals and the two groups of minority language bidialectals, as well as between the bidialectal groups themselves: Italian-Pavese bidialectals were faster than both Italian-Agrigentino bidialectals and Italian monolinguals, while Italian-Agrigentino bidialectals were less accurate than both Italian-Pavese bidialectals and Italian monolinguals. This intricate picture is explained through variables associated with second language use and language switching. Our findings suggest that if bilingualism is viewed as a yes/no phenotype, it is unavoidable that the bilingual experience will remain a mystery linked to intensely debated results. If, however, one accepts that bilingual adaptations are shaped by the environmental ecology of each trajectory, variation across bilingual processing outcomes is unsurprising. Overall, we argue that specific sociolinguistic factors behind each bilingual experience can reveal where bilingual adaptations on language and cognition stem from
A pilot randomised controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of the MaTerre180' participatory tool including a serious game versus an intervention including carbon footprint awareness-raising on behaviours among academia members in France
No full textBackground. Activities embedded in academic culture (international conferences, field missions) are an important source of greenhouse gas emissions. For this reason, collective efforts still need to be strengthened to lower the carbon footprint of the academic sector. Serious games are often used to promote ecological transition. Nevertheless, most evaluations of their effects either uses qualitative methods or focuses on changes in knowledge and not on behaviour. The main objectives of this study are to 1) Evaluate the feasibility of a control and an experimental behaviour change intervention and, 2) Evaluate the fidelity (the extent to which the implementation of the study corresponds to the original design) of both interventions.
Methods. People employed by a French research organisation (N=30) will be randomised to one of the two arms. The experimental arm consists in a 1-hour group discussion for raising awareness about climate change, carrying out a carbon footprint assessment and participating to a serious game called “Ma terre en 180 minutes.” The control arm consists of the same intervention (1h discussion + carbon footprint assessment) but without participating to the serious game.
On two occasions over one month, participants will be asked to fill in online surveys about their behaviours, psychological constructs related to behaviour change, sociodemographic and institutional information. For every session of intervention, the facilitators will assess task completion, perceived complexity of the tasks, percentage of completion of online questionnaires, duration of each session and perceived responsiveness of participants. Descriptive statistics will be done to analyse percentages and averages of the different outcomes.
Discussion. Ma-terre EVAL pilot study is a 1-month and a half pilot randomised controlled trial aiming to evaluate the feasibility and the fidelity of a 24-month randomised controlled trial aiming to change academic behaviours such as professional mobility by air, daily commuting and digital and material purchases
A bonus task boosts the human willingness to offload cognition to an algorithm
No full textWith the increased sophistication of technology, humans have the possibility to offload a variety of tasks to algorithms. Here, we investigated whether the extent to which people are willing to offload an attentionally demanding task to an algorithm is modulated by the availability of a bonus task and by the knowledge about the algorithm’s capacity. Participants performed a multiple object tracking (MOT) task which required them to visually track targets on a screen. Participants could offload an unlimited number of targets to a “computer partner”. If participants decided to offload the entire task to the computer, they could instead perform a bonus task which resulted in additional financial gain – however, this gain was conditional on a high performance accuracy in the MOT task. Thus, participants should only offload the entire task if they trusted the computer to perform accurately. We found that participants were significantly more willing to completely offload the task if they were informed beforehand that the computer’s accuracy was flawless (Experiment 1 vs. 2). Participants’ offloading behavior was not significantly affected by whether the bonus task was incentivized or not (Experiment 2 vs. 3). These results combined with those from our previous study (Wahn et al., 2023), which did not include a bonus task but was identical otherwise, show that the human willingness to offload an attentionally demanding task to an algorithm is considerably boosted by the availability of a bonus task – even if not incentivized – and by the knowledge about the algorithm’s capacity
Cellular Homeostasis and Organization - The Role and Importance of the RF, IML, and HPA
No full textThis paper studies the role of the Reticular Formation (RF), the Intermediolateral Nucleus (ILN), and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis in preserving homeostasis and managing cellular structure. RF, extending from the brainstem to the start of the cervical spinal cord, contains an intricate neuron and glial cell network. This complex structure performs a multitude of functions vital to cognition and homeostatic regulation including, heart rate, breathing, sleep, pain modulation, and cognitive functions like memory and thought. With a distinct path connecting solely with the adrenal medulla, the ILN, found in the spinal cord, play a vital role in the stress response and homeostasis. The HPA Axis, comprising the hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal glands, is the primary stress response mechanism in the body, importantly regulating body energy to combat entropic processes. This study emphasizes the connecting roles of the RF, ILN, and HPA in maintaining homeostasis and cellular organization, signifying their importance in various functions and in influential information processing across brain regions
Interference from semantically distracting sounds in action scene search
No full textResearch on visual searching has highlighted the role of cross-modal interactions between semantically congruent visual and auditory stimuli. Typically, such sounds facilitate performance. Conversely, semantically incongruent sounds may impair visual search efficiency for action scenes, though consensus has yet to be reached. This study investigated whether interference effects occur within the action-scene search paradigm. Participants performed a search task involving four simultaneously presented video stimuli, accompanied by one of three sound conditions: sound congruent with the target, congruent with a distractor, or a control sound. Auditory interference was observed, though it was relatively weak and varied across conditions rather than being simply present or absent. The observed variability in interference effects may align with the established view that observers typically ignore semantic distractor information in goal-directed searches, except in cases where the strength of target designation is compromised. These findings offer insights into the complex interplay between auditory and visual stimuli in action scene searches, suggesting that these underlying mechanisms may also apply to other paradigms, such as those involving conventional real object searches
Memories of Hand Movements are Tied to Speech Through Learning
No full textHand movements frequently occur with speech. The extent to which the memories that guide co-speech hand movements are tied to the speech they occur with is unclear. Here, we paired the acquisition of a new hand movement with speech. Thirty participants adapted a ballistic hand movement of a joystick to a visuomotor rotation either in isolation or while producing a word in time with their movements. Within participants, the after-effect of adaptation (i.e., the motor memory) was examined with or without co-incident speech. After-effects were greater for hand movements produced in the context in which adaptation occurred—i.e., with or without speech. In a second experiment, thirty new participants adapted a hand movement while saying the words “tap” or “hit”. After-effects were greater when hand movements occurred with the specific word produced during adaptation. The results demonstrate that memories of co-speech hand movements are partially tied to the speech they are learned with. The findings have implications for theories of sensorimotor control and our understanding of the relationship between gestures, speech, and meaning