Jurnal Online STTKD (Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Kedirgantaraan)
Not a member yet
77141 research outputs found
Sort by
"Partner" surpassed "boyfriend" and "girlfriend" in prevalence within US active user Twitter profile biographies - Decomposition of a temporal identity trend
No full textSome individuals have chosen to adopt the gender-neutral term “partner” to refer to their romantic counterpart in place of the gendered terms “boyfriend” and “girlfriend.” Here we explore this linguistic trend with data from millions of individuals’ self-descriptions spanning over a decade. We estimated the annual prevalence of each term and found increased use of partner coincident with decreased use of boyfriend and girlfriend. To decompose the mechanisms behind the observed trends, we performed ipseological analysis on cross-sectional and longitudinal samples. The evidence suggests very few individuals directly replaced gendered terms with partner. Instead, individuals who had included boyfriend and girlfriend removed those words, and use of partner (overwhelmingly in a non-romantic sense) increased over time
Defensive Naturalization: Immigrants and Citizenship Acquisition in Early 20th Century America
No full textFrom its beginning, naturalization in the United States had been a largely informal, lightly regulated process; this system was upended by the Naturalization Act of 1906, eventuating in place the far more complicated naturalization procedures that have persisted to this day. Prior research argues that this new law achieved its desired goal of deterring citizenship acquisition among the least desired and least resourced immigrants. However, it also changed the value of citizenship wherein immigrants who may have been found citizenship least desirable decided to become a citizen more quickly given various alienage penalties. To understand how naturalization unfolded under these new conditions, this paper draws on a new hand-coded sample from a novel dataset of declaration of intent to naturalize forms and petition to naturalize forms to the 1920, 1930, and 1940 censuses. We then incorporate hand-coded information uniquely available in the naturalization documents, such as detailed place of birth, height, and complexion. We analyze the speed with which applicants for citizenship moved through the different steps of the naturalization process. Despite mixed results, we find more evidence in support of a defensive naturalization hypothesis, with immigrants with less desirable traits at the time naturalizing more quickly
Measuring How Much Judges Matter for Case Outcomes
No full textA large empirical literature examines how judges' traits affect how cases get resolved. This literature has led many to conclude that judges matter for case outcomes. But how much do they matter? Existing empirical findings understate the true extent of judicial influence over case outcomes since standard estimation techniques hide some disagreement among judges. We devise a machine learning method to reveal additional sources of disagreement. Applying this method to the Ninth Circuit, we estimate that at least 38% of cases could be decided differently based solely on the panel they were assigned to
The Tools of Racial Disenfranchisement: Lessons from 135,457 Individual Voter Records
No full textElites worldwide have used a variety of indirect tools to exclude specific racial groups from the electorate when laws or constitutions prevented them from doing so directly. Yet because voter registers rarely capture race, how these tools affect the composition of the electorate remains unclear. We contribute foundational micro-evidence from newly digitized archival data for all 135,457 voters registered in the Cape Colony (South Africa) in 1903, including their racial classification. We examine franchise restrictions introduced by Prime Minister Cecil Rhodes a decade earlier, and find they reduced registered voters of color by at least one third relative to white voters, likely shifting crucial election outcomes. Tracing how race, class, and geography intersect at the individual level, we find increased property requirements had the largest impact. This reveals a trade-off between the breadth and precision of different tools of racial disenfranchisement, with consequences for the socioeconomic composition of the electorate
Mapping the landscape of educational use of X (Twitter) in Germany: informal teacher learning in online communities of practice
No full textX (formerly Twitter) provides a social media platform for teacher collaboration. This study comprehensively maps the educational Twittersphere—sets of education-related communities—in Germany (N = 2,761,579 tweets, N = 143,004 users) between 2007 and 2022, serving as a blueprint for researchers seeking to study informal teacher learning at scale in other national contexts. We introduce a novel, reproducible method to discover, label, and examine national-level teacher communities using large-scale Twitter data. In doing so, we address a significant gap in the literature, as most prior research on online teacher learning has focused on English-speaking contexts, especially the United States. We describe both quantitative and qualitative interaction patterns across subcommunities, including participation and engagement trends of teachers and non-teachers over time. Focusing on Germany’s largest education-related community—Twitter’s Teacher Lounge (#twlz)—we examine how it reflects the characteristics of a Community of Practice (CoP), a model of informal learning with well-established links to effective teacher development. Our findings suggest that teacher participation in online CoPs is widespread, sustained, and characterized by shared domain language, community interaction, and collaborative practice. This evidence contributes novel understanding to why online teacher professional development is effective for teacher learning
Attentional Scope and Atomic Energy Levels: An Analogical Comparison.
No full textThe article draws an analogical comparison between the electron arrangement in atoms and the attentional scope in human cognition. The Bohr atomic model and the orbital levels in quantum mechanics are compared to the different stages or levels of information processing in the brain. The contraction and expansion of attentional scope are related to the movement of electrons between energy levels in atoms. The abstractness of language is compared to the energy level of electrons near the valence level of particles. Finally, the concept of electropositivity in atoms is related to sociability in human interaction, while the effect of positive mood states on the cognitive scope is analogized to the behaviour of electrons across atoms or Ion radius
Greater Target or Lure Variability? An Exploration on the Effects of Stimulus Types and Memory Paradigms.
No full textIn recognition memory, the variance of the target distribution is almost universally found to be greater than that of the lure distribution. However, these estimates commonly come from long-term memory paradigms where words are used as stimuli. Two exceptions to this rule have found evidence for greater lure variability: a short-term memory task (Yotsumoto et al., 2008) and in an eyewitness memory paradigm (Wixted et al., 2018). In the present work, we conducted a series of recognition memory experiments using different stimulus (faces vs. words) along with different paradigms (long-term vs. short-term paradigms) to evaluate whether either of these conditions would result in greater variability in lure items. Greater target variability was observed across stimulus types and memory paradigms. This suggests that factors other than stimuli and retention interval might be responsible for cases where variability is less for targets than lures