Jurnal Online STTKD (Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Kedirgantaraan)
Not a member yet
77141 research outputs found
Sort by
SN4V infant
No full textAs a safety check, we have recalculated the statistical analyses for the first 15 infants arrived in our lab for testing for each experiment. Importantly, no group level data analysis took place before the final (modified) sample of 20 infants was reached for each experiment: infants were not “added” strategically. Individual raw data were only pre-processed alongside with data gathering to have a clear picture for stopping when the (modified) sample of clean data is obtained.
We have found the same pattern of results with 15 infants as with 20. A difference between the social and alone conditions was significant only in Experiment 2 (incongruent), t(14) = 3.011, p = .009, d = 0.777, but not in Experiment 1 (congruent), t(14) = 1.53, p = .148, d = 0.396. The ANOVA revealed no main effects (all ps > .288), only an interaction, F(1, 28) = 10.4, p = .003, np2 = 0.271. Levene’s test was not significant in this case (all ps > .14). Note that the pattern holds against a restricted Bonferroni correction of p = .0125.
The achieved power (1–beta) in Experiment 2 was 0.799 for the sample of 15, which is surprisingly strong for infants compared to prior studies, while it was 0.93 for the sample of 20, which is nearly at a level recommended for adult studies, 0.95 (Lakens, 2013). Based on the effect size of Experiment 1 (with a sample of 15), the sample size required for a significant finding with 0.8 power is N = 53 but based on the sample of 20 this number is 107 (and 160 for a power of 0.93). As a power calculation makes no sense if results are not significant, we report here the difference of the means and 95% confidence intervals: for the sample of 15 Mdiff = 2.23 [– 0.889, 5.34] and for the sample of 20 Mdiff = 2.34 [– 1.66, 6.34]
Study 1 Preregistration: Amplification Mitigates Incivility's Harms
No full textTesting the main effect of gender on willingness to voice at Time 1. Also, Testing the effects of amplification on willingness to voice, psychological safety, and perceived ability to impact the group at Time 2 and psychological safety and perceived ability to impact the group as mediators
Threat Ownership Theory (TOT): Towards a greater understanding of the dynamic link between threat and political attitudes
No full textHow do threatening events shape political attitudes? Although some previous research posits that threat generally increases support for conservatism, a different perspective asserts that threat fortifies pre-existing political beliefs, leading to polarization. Recently, a third perspective is offered, showing that threats can induce support for liberalism amongst participants across the ideological spectrum. The current registered report reconciles these conflicting perspectives by testing an overarching theoretical framework: Threat Ownership Theory. Building on the issue ownership and ideology-affordance literatures, this theory posits that threat-driven shifts in political ideology depend upon the political entity associated with remedying a given threat. In cases where the threat is not political, no change in political attitudes are predicted. We propose a high-powered randomized vignette experiment to test key assumptions and hypotheses underlying this new theory. Taken together, these findings may better inform academics, policymakers, and the general public on how citizens respond to threat
Open Data in Data Journalism: Opportunities and Future Directions
No full textBackground: In this commentary, we argue that it is time for communication scholars to turn their attention to how and why data journalists engage with the increasing amount of open research and government data available online.
Analysis: We review the limited scholarship that has investigated data journalists’ engagement with open data and suggest directions for future research.
Conclusions and implications: Research that explicitly examines data journalists’ use of open data is sorely needed, especially research that attends to the varied forms and practices that can emerge in different national and institutional contexts
Individual differences do not mask effects of unconscious processing
No full textA wave of criticisms and replication failures is currently challenging claims about the scope of unconscious perception and cognition. Such failures to find unconscious processing effects at the population level may reflect the absence of individual-level effects, or alternatively, the averaging out of individual-level effects with opposing signs. Importantly, only the first suggests that consciousness may be necessary for the tested process to take place. To arbitrate between these two possibilities, we tested previously collected data where unconscious processing effects were not found (26 effects from 470 participants), using five frequentist and Bayesian tests that are robust to individual differences in effect signs. By and large, we found no reliable evidence for unconscious effects being masked by individual differences. In contrast, when we examined 136 non-significant effects from other domains, two novel non-parametric tests did reveal effects that were hidden by opposing individual results, though as we show, some of them might be driven by design-related factors. Taken together, five analysis approaches provide strong evidence for the restricted nature of unconscious processing effects not only across participants, but also across different trials within individuals. We provide analysis code and best-practice recommendations for testing for non-directional effects
Salivary cortisol responses on the Trier Social Stress Test-Online based on smoking habits and resilience scores
No full textIn Japan, alcohol, tobacco, coffee, and tea are categorized as “Shikohin” (i.e., non-nutritious items consumed for flavor). I hypothesized that participants with high resilience and strong smoking habits would show blunted cortisol responses to the Trier Social Stress Test-Online (TSST-OL). Participants (N = 41) were classified into four groups based on the degree of smoking (≤ 14 or ≥ 15 cigarettes per day) and the median total score on resilience scales (low-resilience low-smoking, low-resilience high-smoking, high-resilience low-smoking, and high-resilience high-smoking). Participants completed the TSST-OL, measuring subjective stress and salivary cortisol, at eight time points. A two-piece multilevel growth curve model with landmark registration (GCM-LR) examined the effects of smoking habits and resilience scores on cortisol concentrations. Blunted cortisol responses were similarly present in all four groups; thus, my hypothesis was unsupported. All groups showed similarly elevated subjective stress responses. GCM-LR results showed no significant cortisol increase, but the fixed effect of cortisol recovery was significant. The likelihood ratio test showed that the random effect of resilience scores was significant. Habitual smokers do not have an elevated cortisol response, even in stressful situations. Substantial individual differences were suggested in the effect of resilience scale scores on cortisol concentration
Learning From Outcomes Shapes Reliance on Moral Rules versus Cost-Benefit Reasoning
No full textMany controversies arise from disagreements between moral rules and ``utilitarian'' cost-benefit reasoning (CBR). Here, we show how moral learning from consequences can produce individual differences in people's reliance on rules versus CBR. In a new paradigm, participants (total N=2328) faced realistic dilemmas between one choice prescribed by a moral rule and one by CBR. Participants observed the consequences of their decision before the next dilemma. Across four experiments, we found adaptive changes in decision-making over 13 choices: Participants adjusted their decisions based on which decision strategy (rules or CBR) produced better consequences. Using computational modeling, we showed that many participants learned about decision strategies in general (metacognitive learning) rather than specific actions. Their learning transferred to incentive-compatible donation decisions and moral convictions beyond the experiment. We conclude that metacognitive learning from consequences shapes moral decision-making and that individual differences in morality may be surprisingly malleable to learning from experience
The Science of Human Memory vs. the Federal Rules of Evidence
No full textEyewitness misidentifications have contributed to many wrongful convictions. However, despite expressing high confidence at trial, many of the eyewitnesses in these cases did otherwise—often correctly providing evidence of innocence—on the first test of uncontaminated memory conducted early in a police investigation. According to a new scientific consensus, it is important to focus on the results of the first test because (1) it provides the most reliable information and (2) the test itself contaminates the witness’s memory for the suspect. Yet the rules that govern the admissibility of evidence place a higher priority on the last test, conducted at the criminal trial, when the witness is under oath and available for cross-examination. We conclude that wrongful convictions that have long been attributed to the unreliability of eyewitness memory often reflect a system that unwittingly prioritizes false memories elicited at trial over true memories elicited early in a police investigation
Contributions and recognition of patient partners in pediatric health research: a rapid scoping review protocol
No full textObjective: The objective of this rapid scoping review is to: 1) assess the prevalence of acknowledgement and authorship of patient partners in pediatric health research; 2) understand how patient partners contribute through the research process; and 3) assess how patient engagement is identified in publications.
Introduction: Patient-Oriented Research (POR) is an increasingly common approach that actively engages patients and families in the research process. Despite their significant contributions, patient-partners are rarely credited in academic publications through formal acknowledgment or authorship, and the lack of standardized documentation of their participation makes it difficult to locate patient-engaging studies. There is a limited understanding of how patient-partners are currently being engaged particularly within pediatric health research, and whether their involvement is adequately recognized. Clarifying these processes will strengthen POR in pediatrics to foster more meaningful collaboration and ultimately help improve health outcomes for children and their families.
Inclusion criteria: This rapid scoping review will consider evidence sources that investigate topics related to pediatric patients aged (0-19 years) and that acknowledge or describe contributions from one or more patient partner(s) contributions in one or more studies. We will exclude sources that involve non-pediatric patients, are not in English, and are not published in full in a journal (e.g. conference abstracts).
Methods: We will search MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid) and CINAHL (EBSCOhost). In addition, we will search key sources of POR literature. To increase the rapidity of this review, only 25% of sources will be reviewed and extracted by two team members, while the remaining sources will be screened and extracted by a single reviewer. Data will be extracted using a data extraction tool developed by the reviewers. Findings will be presented in a tabular/and/or charted format and accompanied by a narrative summary linking results to the review objectives and questions
Two-Year Follow-Up of the Community College to PhD Scholars Program: Impact on Alumni’s Research and PhD Preparation
No full textBuilding on the prior short-term outcome evaluation, we conducted a mid-term outcome evaluation of the Community College to PhD (CC2PhD) Scholars Program at the University of California, Los Angeles. This novel undergraduate research and PhD preparation program intentionally prepared community college sophomores for future engagement in upper-division research and PhD preparation at their forthcoming transfer university. We conducted semi-structured interviews and surveys with seven CC2PhD alumni 2 years after they completed the program. At the time of the 2-year follow-up, CC2PhD alumni were generally undergraduate seniors. We conducted a thematic analysis of interview data and examined descriptive statistics of survey data. We identified six themes. The first through fifth themes were that CC2PhD helped program alumni (a) make informed decisions about continuing or ending their pursuit of academia as a prospective career, (b) apply for upper-division research opportunities, (c) conduct upper-division research, (d) engage in PhD preparation, and (e) start research and PhD preparation earlier as a transfer student. The sixth theme was that some of our alumni still struggled with transfer-student-specific institutional barriers to upper-division research and PhD preparation despite being relatively prepared. While it might not entirely nullify institutional barriers, our results suggest that assisting community college students with applying for research opportunities, conducting research, and engaging in PhD preparation can positively impact their community-college-to-PhD journey