Jurnal Online STTKD (Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Kedirgantaraan)
Not a member yet
77141 research outputs found
Sort by
On the relationship between recognition judgments and truth judgments: Memory states moderate the recognition-based truth effect
No full textRepeatedly seen or heard statements are typically judged to be more likely true than statements not encountered before, a phenomenon referred to as truth effect. Similarly, statements judged to be old typically receive higher truth judgments than statements judged to be new. However, it is unclear whether and how this recognition-based truth effect depends on the latent memory states underlying observed recognition judgments. In order to investigate this question, we used a model-based approach to compare truth judgments as a function of recognition judgments ('old' versus 'new') and their underlying memory states (state of memory certainty vs. state of uncertainty). In three experiments, we observed a recognition-based truth effect and found this effect to be larger in the state of memory certainty than in the state of uncertainty. This result also replicated for subjective instead of modeled memory states. Moreover, we found effects of recognition judgments on judged truth to be stronger than effects of factual repetition in all three experiments. Taken together, our research highlights the role of episodic memory processes in the truth effect and provides a methodological tool that takes underlying memory states into account
Perspectives of Social-emotional learning in Nepal: An evolving landscape
No full textSocial-emotional learning (SEL) is gaining recognition in Nepal as a critical component of education, yet its implementation faces significant challenges. This perspective examines the evolving landscape of SEL in Nepal, highlighting progress in policy integration and teacher training while addressing persistent barriers such as limited resources, insufficient educator support, and the need for culturally adapted approaches. Gender disparities further complicate SEL outcomes, with boys often benefiting more than girls. Moving forward, systemic integration, teacher empowerment, localized adaptations, and robust research are essential to ensure SEL’s effectiveness and sustainability. Collaborative efforts among policymakers, educators, and communities can foster resilience and equity, equipping Nepali youth with vital skills for academic and lifelong success. By prioritizing SEL, Nepal can nurture a generation capable of navigating emotional and social challenges in a rapidly changing world
We are our memory: A flexible framework for quantifying the demographic imprints of the past
No full textPopulations have demographic connections to history: people who were exposed to the past may still be alive or may at least have living kin. Denton and Spencer (2021) and Alburez-Gutierrez (2022) have articulated the concept of “demographic memory” to refer to how the memory of single events lingers in populations through their age or kinship structure. This article works to clarify and further demonstrate the usefulness of this concept. Theoretically, it argues for demographic memory as an idea that unifies and makes rigorously quantifiable many of the scattered ideas of historical embeddedness that exist across the social and biological sciences, including in economics, epidemiology, political science, and genetics. Methodologically, this article offers a flexible and widely applicable model of demographic memory defined by cohort survivorship. This model can estimate the memory of events, eras, and continuously varying conditions of interest, such as socioeconomic, political, and environmental variables, and it allows for social stratification in both the conditions of interest and how they are forgotten. As a proof of concept, this new model is applied to the memory of recent prime ministers in the United Kingdom and the memory of liberal democracy across the world
七夕伝承と天野川－和歌・物語世界の心性史 (Tanabata folklore and Amano River - History of mentalities in the World of Waka and Narrative)
No full text天野川(あまのがわ)周辺の七夕伝承の心性史的起源とその変遷の経緯を探る。
方法:旧河内国交野郡(大阪府枚方市・交野市)・旧近江国坂田郡を流れる天野川を中心にタナバタに関する古記録や口頭伝承を辿る。
結果:近世から現代において確認できる七夕の記録や伝承の源泉を中世期の文献に確認できた。さらにその源泉は奈良時代の文献に辿りつく事がわかった。また物語・芸能・和歌の世界観と近江国坂田郡の七夕伝承との同質性を確認できた。
結論:天体観測・宗教・物語・和歌・芸能と地域伝承との相互関連性を見出せた。
To explore the History of mentalities origins of the Tanabata tradition around the Amano River (Amanogawa) and how it has changed over time.
Methods: We traced ancient records and oral traditions related to Tanabata, focusing on the Amano River, which flows through the former Katano County in Kawachi Province and the former Sakata County in Omi Province in Japan.
Results: The source of the records and oral traditions of Tanabata from the early modern period to the present day was confirmed in documents from the medieval period. Furthermore, the source of the Tanabata tradition can be traced back to documents from the Nara period (710-794). We were also able to confirm the homogeneity of the worldview of tales, performing arts, and waka poetry and the Tanabata tradition of Sakata-gun, Omi Province.
Conclusion: We found interconnections between astronomical observation, religion, stories, waka poetry, performing arts, and local traditions
How AI Models Judge Facial Attractiveness: Visualizing Features with CNN and Vision Transformer to Understand Attractiveness Factors
No full textFacial attractiveness influences social life, and a series of experimental and computational studies have been conducted to provide insights into such outcomes. Computational deep-learning studies have been conducted to predict facial attractiveness and explore its contributing factors. Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are the mainstay of these analyses, the Vision Transformer (ViT) model has recently attracted considerable attention. In this study, facial attractiveness prediction models were constructed using CNN-based models or ViT, and the facial regions the models focused on were identified. While the CNN focused on local features, particularly facial features such as eyes, nose, and mouth, the visual geometry group 19 (VGG19), a CNN model with a deep architecture, covers a wider range. In contrast, ViT focuses on global features, such as skin texture and facial contours, suggesting that it may reflect holistic processing based on the relationships between facial parts. In research on understanding facial attractiveness factors using deep learning models, the extracted facial features differ by model architecture, advocating the need for an approach that considers both local and global features based on the research objective
AGI-agent cognitive architecture AGICA - axiomatic approach.
No full textFor the last half of the century there were proposed and modeled several dozen cognitive architectures as the models of mind. As one of the results of this Standard Model of the Mind was proposed and discussed in 2017. It accumulated lessons learned in one structure. In the articles published in 2016-2018, the author formulated main definitions of the concepts of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI): AGI-Individual Type, AGI-Collective Type, AGI-Consciousness, AGI-Thought, AGI-Knowledge, AGI-Emotions. The author’s approach belongs to the direction Embodied Cognition in Cognitive Science and is following “Axiomatic Approach” in Artificial Intelligence. The definitions proposed by the author are of constructive type from mathematical point of view and can be modeled by the existing software & hardware tools and methods. In this article the author is proposing AGI-Agent cognitive architecture AGICA as detailed modification of Standard Model of the Mind. It can be used in the development of universal operating system for AGI-robots
How and Why the Omission Bias Affects Victims’ and Third Parties’ Responses to Interpersonal Transgressions
No full textPrior research has identified an omission bias whereby third-party observers attribute greater intent, responsibility, and immorality to a transgressor for their harmful commissions than their harmful omissions. However, this research has not examined whether victims also show an omission bias in response to an interpersonal transgression committed against them, and whether these perceptions affect the apology-forgiveness process. We conducted four experiments (Ns = 376; 593; 595; 813) using complementary methods (hypothetical standardized offenses and real-life transgressions) to examine how and why commission and omission transgressions differentially affect victims’ forgiveness, and whether apologies are differentially effective at eliciting forgiveness for these transgressions. We found that forgiveness was generally lower for commission (vs. omission) transgressions. Moreover, victims perceived commission (vs. omission) transgressions as higher in responsibility and intent, and these offense perceptions in turn predicted reduced forgiveness, both on their own and serially through judgments of immorality. However, apologizing (vs. not apologizing) predicted greater forgiveness for both types of offenses. In Study 4, we also tested whether victims’ perceptions of commissions and omissions differed from third-party observers’ perceptions. The effect of the commission (vs. omission) transgression on offense perceptions, moral judgments, and apology-forgiveness was similar across victim and third-party observer perspectives. These studies demonstrate how and why forgiveness might be less forthcoming for commissions than omissions, but suggest that apologies confer comparable benefits across both types of offenses
The Replication Crisis is Less of a “Crisis” in Lakatos’ Philosophy of Science than it is in Popper's
No full textPopper’s (1983, 2002) philosophy of science has enjoyed something of a renaissance in the wake of the replication crisis, offering a philosophical basis for the ensuing science reform movement. However, adherence to Popper’s approach may also be at least partly responsible for the sense of “crisis” that has developed following multiple unexpected replication failures. In this article, I contrast Popper’s approach with that of Lakatos (1978) as well as with a related but problematic approach called naïve methodological falsificationism (NMF; Lakatos, 1978). The Popperian approach is powerful because it is based on logical refutations, but its theories are noncausal and, therefore, potentially lacking in scientific value. In contrast, the Lakatosian approach considers causal theories, but it concedes that these theories are not logically refutable. Finally, NMF represents a hybrid approach that subjects Lakatosian causal theories to Popperian logical refutations. However, its tactic of temporarily accepting a ceteris paribus clause during theory testing may be viewed as scientifically inappropriate, epistemically inconsistent, and “completely redundant” (Lakatos, 1978, p. 40). I conclude that the replication “crisis” makes the most sense in the context of the Popperian and NMF approaches because it is only in these two approaches that the failure to replicate a previously corroborated theory represents a logical refutation of that theory. In contrast, such replication failures are less problematic in the Lakatosian approach because they do not logically refute theories. Indeed, in the Lakatosian approach, replication failures can be temporarily ignored or used to motivate theory development