Jurnal Online STTKD (Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Kedirgantaraan)
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GoodReports
No full textDeveloping and testing the effectiveness of an online tool to help health researchers find and use reporting guidelines to improve the completeness of reportin
Molecular dynamics (Chapter 3)
No full textThis chapter introduces molecular dynamics (MD), both as a principle of nature and as a computational method. A simple numerical recipe for classical MD is provided, along with key ingredients of common force fields which govern MD simulation. The connection to temperature and stochastic dynamics is discussed, along with the Langevin equation. The potential application of MD to computing rate constants is explained using the first-passage approach
Psychological Booster Shots Targeting Memory Increase Long-Term Resistance Against Misinformation
No full textAn increasing number of real-world interventions aim to preemptively protect or inoculate people against misinformation. Inoculation research has demonstrated positive effects on misinformation resilience when measured immediately after treatment via messages, games, or videos. However, very little is currently known about their long-term effectiveness and the mechanisms by which such treatment effects decay over time. We start by proposing three possible models on the mechanisms driving resistance to misinformation. We then report five pre-registered longitudinal experiments (Ntotal = 11,759) that investigate the effectiveness of psychological inoculation interventions over time as well as their underlying mechanisms. We find that text-based and video-based inoculation interventions can remain effective for one month—whereas game-based interventions appear to decay more rapidly—and that memory-enhancing booster interventions can enhance the diminishing effects of counter-misinformation interventions. Finally, we propose an integrated memory-motivation model, concluding that misinformation researchers would benefit from integrating knowledge from the cognitive science of memory to design better psychological interventions that can counter misinformation durably over time and at-scale
Capital Structure and Firm Performance among the Listed Agro-Allied Firms in Nigeria
No full textThe study empirically investigates the effect of capital structure on firm performance among agro-allied firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange from 2003 to 2017. The performance was measured by return on investment, return on assets, and earnings per share, while the capital structure was captured by leverage and equity finance. Equity finance was found to significantly affect returns on investment and assets, while leverage impacted earnings per share. Also, firms’ growth and age are positively related to performance, while size has an inverse relationship. Therefore, firms should adopt an efficient equity-debt level ratio that significantly improves performance over a specific production period
Better generalization through distraction? Concurrent load reduces the size of the inverse base-rate effect
No full textThe inverse base-rate effect (IBRE) is an irrational phenomenon in predictive learning. It occurs
when people try to generalize what they have experienced to novel and ambiguous events. This
irrational generalization manifests as a preference for rare, unlikely outcomes in the face of
ambiguity. At least two formal mathematical models of this irrational preference (EXIT, NNRAS)
lead to a counter-intuitive prediction: the effect reduces under concurrent load. We tested this
prediction across two experiments (N1 = 72, Mage = 20.12; N2 = 160, Mage = 20.88). We confirm
the prediction, but only when participants were under an obvious time constraint. This empirical
confirmation is as surprising as the prediction itself—irrationality reduces under increased task
demands. Further, our data are more consistent with the NNRAS model than with EXIT, the most
prominent model of the IBRE to date
Depression and anxiety have distinct and overlapping language patterns: Results from a clinical interview
No full textThere is growing scientific excitement about detecting depression from people’s language use, but this work rarely accounts for anxiety, which overlaps substantially and co-occurs frequently with depression. Using clinical interviews with individuals with varying levels of depression and anxiety, we found that some language patterns are shared by these conditions, whereas other patterns distinguish them. Depressed individuals show more I-usage (e.g., “I,” “me,” “my”) and sadness words (e.g., “low,” “sad,” “alone”), while anxious individuals use a much broader array of negative emotionality language (e.g., anxiety, stress, and counterintuitively, depression), raising implications for the understanding and automatic assessment of these conditions
Campur Kode dalam Pementasan Calonarang di Pura Kebo Edan Pejeng oleh Sekaa Nadāksara
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskrepsikan bentuk campur kode dan faktor yang menyebabkan campur kode dalam pementasan Calonarang di pura Kebo Edan Pejeng oleh sekaa Nadāksara. Jenis penelitian yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. sumber data primer penelitian ini adalah video pementasan drama tari Calonarang di Pura Kebo Edan Pejeng oleh seka Nadāksara yang merupakan koleksi pribadi sekaa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan, Pertama, bentuk campur kode dibagi menjadi dua yaitu: (1) campur kode luar, (2) campur kode dalam. Kedua, faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya campur kode adalah: (1) kesulitan mencari padanan kata, (2) mengikuti lawan tutur, dan (3) keterbiasaan
Data is not available upon request
No full textMany journals now require data sharing and require articles to include a Data Availability Statement. However, several studies over the past two decades have shown that promissory notes about data sharing are rarely abided by and that data is generally not available upon request. This has negative consequences for many essential aspects of scientific knowledge production, including independent verification of results, efficient secondary use of data, and knowledge synthesis. I assessed the prevalence of data sharing upon request in articles employing the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure published within the last 5 years. Of 52 articles, 42% contained a Data Availability Statement, most of which stated that data was available upon request. This rose from 0% in 2018 to 100% in 2022, indicating a change in journals’ policies. However, only 27% of articles’ authors actually shared data. Among articles stating that data was available upon request, only 17% shared data upon request. The presence of Data Availability Statements was not associated with higher rates of data sharing (p = .55), indicating a lack of adherence with journals’ policies. Results replicate those found elsewhere: data is generally not available upon request, and promissory Data Availability Statements are typically not adhered to. Issues, causes, and implications are considered
Keep Positive and Defend Democracy: Framing Democratic Messages Under Authoritarianism
No full textBuilding popular support for democracy is especially necessary in countries ruled by authoritarian regimes. Can educational interventions promote democratic support in these countries and influence how citizens evaluate their country's political regime? To answer these questions, we conducted two online experiments in Turkey comparing the effects of two pro-democratic educational interventions, a positive frame emphasizing gains from democratic institutions and a negative frame highlighting the losses under authoritarian regimes. Both treatment frames were successful at building democratic demand. However, only participants exposed to the pro-democracy messages with a positive frame took important additional cognitive steps, decreasing their evaluations of Turkey’s democratic supply and, therefore, becoming less likely to vote for the parties aligned with the autocratic regime. We offer a reference points theory to explain this divergence. Overall, our research makes significant contributions to the literature on democracy promotion and democratic support among ordinary citizens
Forms of Psychological Bias Against Transgender Women and Men and People with Nonbinary Gender Identities
No full textThe present review examines bias against transgender women and men and bias against people with nonbinary gender identities. A central contention is that many people hold false beliefs about transgender men’s and women’s membership in the categories “male” and “female,” and, separately, view nonbinary gender identities themselves as illegitimate. Both discounting transgender men’s and women’s membership in the categories “male” and “female” and discounting the validity of nonbinary gender identities are forms of bias, and studying them will be essential to build a more nuanced understanding of stereotyping and prejudice. The authors review the literature on bias against transgender people and bias against nonbinary people, discuss the methodological and theoretical challenges in studying these biases, propose an approach for interpreting results in light of common (mis)categorization processes, and consider avenues for future research