Jurnal Online STTKD (Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Kedirgantaraan)
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Gender differences in Australian research grant awards, applications, amounts, and workforce participation
No full textNOTE. This article is now published in Science and Public Policy, scaf012, https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scaf012
Published: 09 April 2025
We modelled two decades (2000–2020) of Australian national competitive grants according to lead investigator gender. We also explored if gender differences in awarded grants mirrored application rates and/or research workforce participation by gender. We found that fewer awarded grants were led by women than men; however, overall success rates of grant applications did not vary according to lead investigator gender. There were fewer women than men in the research workforce. The award rate (awarded grants relative to workforce participation) was slightly higher for women than men. Most of these observed gender differences were largest at senior-career levels. Together these patterns imply that fewer women in the research workforce and leading grant applications have resulted in fewer awarded grants led by women than by men. We offer public policy measures to address women’s retention and progression in the research workforce
Integrasi Pembelajaran STEAM dan Computational Thinking: Analisis Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis dan Kreatif Peserta Didik dalam Sebuah Pembelajaran Inovatif
No full textPembelajaran abad 21 perlu membekali keterampilan berpikir kritis dan kreatif kepada peserta didik agar mereka siap untuk hidup dan berkontribusi secara produktif di dalam masyarakat. Salah satu pendekatan pembelajaran yang sesuai adalah pembelajaran integratif STEAM-CT. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keterampilan berpikir kritis dan kreatif peserta didik di dalam pembelajaran integratif STEAM-CT. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitiannya adalah 26 peserta didik kelas delapan dari salah satu sekolah menengah swasta di Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, selama proses pembelajaran integratif STEAM-CT, peserta didik telah menunjukkan keterampilan berpikir kritis dan kreatif mereka, khususnya dalam hal membuat rencana penyelesaian masalah, keluwesan dalam memberikan solusi permasalahan, dan estetika desain produk mereka. Akan tetapi, peserta didik masih perlu didukung agar mereka dapat melakukan evaluasi secara mendalam dan menggunakan hasil evaluasi tersebut untuk perbaikan. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan menyematkan praktik umpan balik di dalam pembelajaran
Distribution of Attention in Three-Dimensional Space
No full textThe distribution of spatial attention has mostly been studied for visual events presented within a two-dimensional space. In this study, we examined the distribution of spatial attention in a three-dimensional space (i.e., across the z-axis). Much previous research suggests that attention is universally biased toward stimuli appearing in near space compared to far space. However, the results of some studies suggest this ‘near advantage’ is task-specific, with some tasks instead producing an attention bias toward stimuli in far space. The current study investigated whether two tasks that differ in attentional priorities (i.e., target localization vs target discrimination) differentially bias attention across near and far depth. Across three experiments, we compared target localization and target discrimination tasks when a single target appeared as the stimulus (Experiment 1) and then, for a cue-target task, compared target localization (Experiment 2A) and target discrimination tasks (Experiment 2B). Our results support the proposal that the near advantage is task-specific. For target localization, reaction times (RTs) were shorter for near-targets than for far-targets, however, for target discrimination, RTs were shorter for far-targets than for near-targets. This result was revealed in both uncued and cue-target paradigms. The cue-target paradigm also showed that relative to same-depth conditions, the cueing effect pointed to greater facilitation when orienting attention from far-to-near space for target localization but from near-to-far space for target discrimination. These findings argue against a universal near advantage. Overall, the results were consistent with the notion that different task demands can differentially bias the distribution of attention across near and far depth, a proposal that has implications for the potential involvement of the dorsal and ventral visual processing streams
Self-Control
No full textThis is the final version of a chapter accepted for publication in the 6th edition of The Handbook of Social Psychology edited by Daniel Gilbert, Susan Fiske, Eli Finkel, and Wendy Berry Mendes (2025; https://openpublishing.princeton.edu/projects/the-handbook-of-social-psychology). The chapter reviews the current state of theorizing and research in this interdisciplinary area, and sketches emerging themes and connections. The topics covered include conceptual issues, an overview of self-control models, preventive self-control, self-control strategy use, social influences on self-control and the connection between self-control and happiness. Some of the main conclusions are: (1) Self-control research has undergone quite some evolution in the last decade by transcending its initial focus on self-control as inhibitory capacity to include notions of preventive self-control, smart strategy selection, motivational quality, and meta-motivational skills. (2) Considering a large range of vexing societal problems such as obesity or unsustainable levels of consumption, self-control research may benefit from transcending its classical individual focus to better address the interplay among individual strivings and societal structures. (3) In terms of happiness implications, people appear to be happiest when they can steer clear of motivational conflict as much as possible, and this seems to distinguish those successful versus less successful at self-control. Avoiding conflict may not only be a matter of the right set of strategies, but also a matter of knowing what one truly wants in life, that is, aligning one’s motives in a self-concordant way so as to optimize autonomous and minimize controlled forms of motivation
German mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (G-MAUQ): Translation and Validation Study
No full textBackground: The use of mobile health applications is increasingly common among the general public. More recently, healthcare systems incorporate such tools in their service workflows, be it as guidance to the most appropriate care setting or as prescription digital therapeutics. With such apps percolating into the classic healthcare sector, the necessity of sound and standardized evaluation grows. The mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) provides a novel and custom-tailored psychometrically validated instrument to capture users’ perception of the usefulness and usability of an mHealth application. So far, this questionnaire is only available in English, Malay and Chinese.
Objective: The aim of this study was to translate and validate a German version of the MAUQ (G-MAUQ). Further, we developed a short scale with 6 items (G-MAUQ-S) in German.
Methods: We used the Translation, Review, Adjudication, Pretest and Documentation (TRAPD) method to translate the MAUQ. Subsequently, we assessed content validity with 15 expert ratings and face validity with 15 German speaking mHealth users. To further validate the questionnaire, we used data from 148 participants of an RCT examining symptom checkers in the Emergency Department to assess convergent validity by correlating the G-MAUQ with the German version of the System Usability Scale and discriminant validity by correlating the G-MAUQ with other unrelated questionnaires. Lastly, we developed a short version by assessing item discrimination, factor loadings, correlation with the full scale and construct validity.
Results: All but one item showed sufficient content validity with item-level content validity index values between CVI-I = 0.8 and 1.0. Face validity was excellent with item-level face validity index values ranging from FVI-I = 0.87 to 1. Convergent validity was sufficient with r = 0.769, and discriminant validity was sufficient with values between r = -0.014 and r = 0.220. An internal consistency of Cronbach’s α = 0.93 demonstrated high reliability. The short scale showed sufficient convergent validity (r = 0.762) and discriminant validity (r between –0.012 and 0.201).
Conclusions: A validated and reliable G-MAUQ can be used by researchers and practitioners to assess the usability of mHealth interventions. We also provide the German mHealth App Usability Questionnaire – Short Version (G-MAUQ-S) with six questions to quickly assess the usability of an intervention
Exploring chemistry Language through the Framework of Cognitive Grammar
No full textmohsen dolatabadi. ferdowsi university of mashhad . tarbiat modares universit
Community College to PhD Scholars Program: Short-Term Outcome Evaluation of an Undergraduate Research and PhD Preparation Program
No full textResearch suggests that community college alumni may be underrepresented within PhD programs. As such, we implemented and evaluated the Community College to PhD (CC2PhD) Scholars Program at the University of California, Los Angeles. CC2PhD was a 7-month undergraduate research and PhD preparation program for community college sophomores in the social sciences. Like other undergraduate research programs, CC2PhD participants received research training and conducted research. What is novel about CC2PhD is that it purposefully equipped community college students with the skillsets to navigate forthcoming institutional barriers that transfer students will face when trying to apply for upper-division undergraduate research opportunities and engage in PhD preparation. During the program, CC2PhD participants conducted a qualitative interview research project, applied for external summer undergraduate research programs, wrote an upper-division research grant proposal, and developed a PhD preparation plan. To evaluate short-term program outcomes, we used a pre- and post-survey design and analyzed the survey data using t-tests. Out of 25 students who initially started the program, 19 students completed the 7-month program and completed the pre- and post-survey. We found statistically significant gains in four survey scales: Technical Research Skills, Research Proposal Writing, Research Program Application Components, and PhD Preparation Knowledge (all with p < 0.001). These gains all had large effect sizes, with Cohen’s d values above 0.8. However, there were non-statistically significant declines in two survey scales: Interest in Academia and Soft Research Skills
Improving the Reliability of the Reliable Change Index
No full textThe Reliable Change Index (RCI) is a tool for evaluating change at the individual level. It compliments standard group-level change estimates and is central to evaluating clinical significance for interventions. In principle, the RCI provides common criteria for evaluating individual change. However, current practices use sample-specific estimates to create these criteria. Because sample estimates are subject to sampling error, these criteria are also subject to sampling error and therefore differ across studies. We illustrate how current practices can lead to differing criteria for reliable change and use simulations to identify the impact of sampling error on the RCI. Excessive error in the RCI began for the average sample when N < 30, and samples only comfortably avoided the risk of excessive error when N > 100. Finally, small errors in estimating a measure’s reliability sometimes had profound effects on the RCI. Recommendations on use of the RCI are provided
Insomnia and emotion dysregulation: a meta-analytical perspective integrating regulatory strategies and dispositional difficulties
No full textInsomnia and emotion dysregulation are intricately related, yet their aggregate association across different domains of emotion dysregulation and the effect of moderating factors including health-related status, age, and gender remain unclear. This meta-analysis synthesized data from 57 studies, pooling 119 effect sizes from correlational and 55 effect sizes from group comparison studies. By separate analyses, we assessed both the strength of the association and whether clinically significant insomnia symptoms exacerbate difficulty in regulating emotion. Correlational analyses revealed a significant association between insomnia symptoms and emotion dysregulation, primarily in individuals with serious health-related conditions (Fisher Zno-serious condition = 0.22, Fisher Zserious-conditions = 0.37, p < 0.00001). Group comparison analyses indicated that clinically significant insomnia symptoms worsen emotion dysregulation regardless of health-related status (Hedges’ g = 0.99, p = 0.01). The reliance on maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and difficulties in dispositional domains of emotion regulation, particularly impulsivity, were more strongly associated with insomnia than challenges related to adaptive strategies. Age and gender did not impact these associations in either type of study. These findings underscore a robust link between insomnia and emotion dysregulation, suggesting the potential benefits of integrating emotion regulation skills into insomnia management to improve therapeutic outcomes
Developmental trajectory of flanker performance and its link to problem behavior in 7-to 12-year-old children
No full textThis study investigates both the developmental trajectory of flanker task performance in children and the association with the development of teacher-reported problem behavior. Five waves of flanker performance and behavioral and emotional problems were drawn from a large longitudinal sample of elementary school children in the Netherlands (1424 children, ages 7 to 12 years). Latent growth curve modeling (LGM) identified a piecewise decrease in flanker response time: the steepest decline was found from 7 to 9 years old. Boys had lower levels of response time at age 7 than girls. Children showed a linear decrease in behavioral and emotional problems over time. Parallel LGMs revealed that lower levels of initial flanker response time were associated with a stronger decrease in anxiety problems and oppositional defiant problem behavior. A faster decline in response time was associated with a faster decline in depression problems, attention deficit hyperactivity-, and oppositional defiant-related behavior. Results offer insight into the normative development of performance monitoring in childhood and the link between behavioral measures of performance monitoring and behavioral and emotional problems