Jurnal Online STTKD (Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Kedirgantaraan)
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Revisiting the prosocial consequences of interpersonal synchrony: Insights from infants’ temperament traits
No full textHumans begin helping others from the first year of their birth. Recent studies have shown that the experience of behavioral matching with others in time and space (i.e., interpersonal synchrony) facilitates infants’ helping behaviors. However, it remains unclear whether and to what extent the rate of helping behavior changes within individuals after experiencing interpersonal synchrony and what temperament traits moderate the effect of interpersonal synchrony on infants’ helping behavior. In this study, we tested 15-month-old infants and conducted helping tasks before and after they experienced interpersonal synchrony or asynchrony. A questionnaire survey was administered to assess temperament traits in each infant. We found that infants’ rapid helping behavior, which occurred within the first 10 seconds from trial onset, marginally increased after experiencing synchronous movement, and they marginally decreased after experiencing asynchronous movement. Moreover, the changes in overall helping rates before and after interpersonal synchrony were associated with infants’ temperament scores for negative affectivity (NEG, one of the factors from the Infant Behavior Questionnaire that represents temperaments such as sadness or fear). These findings demonstrate the importance of considering individual variations in the effects of interpersonal synchrony on an infant’s helping behaviors
Outgroup Testimonials and Ingroup Validation Strengthen the Effects of Perception Gap Interventions on Affective Polarization: Evidence from a Large-Scale Experiment
No full textAffective polarization has gripped the American social landscape, damaging interpersonal relationships and eroding political trust. One factor driving affective polarization are perception gaps, which are characterized by differences between perceived and actual outpartisan beliefs. Prior research indicates that perception gap interventions can reduce affective polarization. The present study focuses on improving these interventions by incorporating insights from psychology research on persuasion and the importance of sympathetic outgroup exemplars and in-group membership. A survey experiment with 4,800 U.S. respondents was conducted, testing different treatments incorporating perception gap statistics, outpartisan testimonials, and ingroup reactions. Results showed that the interventions were effective in reducing affective polarization, with the largest effect size observed for the treatment incorporating ingroup reactions. However, the effects of the interventions significantly decayed after one week, highlighting the need for sustainable interventions and further exploration of strategies to address affective polarization
Experiment 2: Towards a Greater Understanding of Anti-Gay Prejudice
No full textThe purpose of this study is to analytically separate two potential contributors to anti-gay prejudice: (a) sexual orientation and (b) perceived gender role violation
Pengaruh Penerapan Sweeping Bagasi Penumpang Maskapai Citilink terhadap Optimalisasi Kinerja Petugas Boarding Gate PT Gapura Angkasa Yogyakarta International Airport
No full textAviation, as an important mode of transportation, demands strict safety standards, one of which is through the implementation of baggage sweeping. Citilink at Yogyakarta International Airport has implemented baggage sweeping to improve safety and operational efficiency. This process involves the vital role of ground handling officers in ensuring flight security. However, officers face obstacles in the form of a lack of understanding and passenger resistance to the baggage sweeping policy. These obstacles have the potential to affect officer performance and passenger satisfaction. Therefore, proper baggage sweeping management is necessary to maintain security without reducing service quality. This study aims to analyze the effect of baggage sweeping implementation on optimizing the performance of departure gate officers. The research method used is quantitative with data collection through questionnaires. The study respondents included all 45 departure gate officers of PT Gapura Angkasa at Yogyakarta International Airport. Data analysis was conducted using SEM PLS 4.0 through validity, reliability, R-square, and hypothesis testing. The results showed that the implementation of baggage sweeping had a positive and significant effect on officer performance with a coefficient of 0.821 and an R-square of 0.673. Strict baggage inspection procedures are the most dominant factor, while reducing baggage damage and punctuality of boarding require further attention
On the difficulty of rational number formats
No full textLearning rational numbers poses significant challenges on mathematics education. Recently, it was suggested to facilitate learning rational numbers by introducing them starting with the easiest format (i.e., fractions, decimals, or percentages). However, difficulty may not only be influenced by the format itself but also by other factors which drive difficulty within formats, such as responses types (e.g., multiple-choice vs. open responses) and problem types (e.g., visualization, mere calculations, or word problems). Yet, conclusive evidence on how responses types and problem types drive the difficulty within each of the three different rational number formats is largely missing. To address this gap, we analyzed a large-scale dataset (around 38{,}000 students completing more than 7,000,000 problems) from an intelligent tutoring system. We found large and significant differences in error rates within each rational number format, ranging from about 26\% for problems including visualizations and up to 77\% for word problems. We did not observe significant differences between multiple-choice vs. open responses. These findings suggest that problem types, i.e. the way rational numbers are included in mathematical problems, drive the difficulty of rational number formats considerably and more than rational number format itself. Therefore, curriculum design may consider the arrangement of problem types more compared to arrangements based on format. This means starting with problem using visualizations first, before gradually progressing to more difficult problem types such as word problems
Shifting Demography, Threatened Democracy: The Impact of Racial Demographic Shifts on Anti-Democratic Sentiment in the United States
No full textWealth gaps in post-secondary enrolment in Europe? A comparison across European countries and wealth components
No full textPrevious studies have established parental wealth as an important dimension for social stratification in education. However, this research is restricted to a small number of countries, effect sizes are hardly comparable across different analyses, and the role of different wealth components remained unclear. The present study compares wealth gaps in education – measured as enrolment in post-secondary education – and the contribution of different wealth components across 14 European countries using the harmonized data of the Household Finance and Consumption Survey. In all analysed countries, substantial wealth gaps in education are found. In all but two countries, these gaps remain net of other dimensions of parental SES. As regards net wealth, large wealth gaps in education in Southern European countries and smaller gaps in Eastern European and most Continental countries are documented. In most countries, real wealth is the driving force behind wealth gaps in post-secondary enrolment. In contrast, there is a positive association between debt and post-secondary enrolment in some countries but a negative association in other countries. Overall, the empirical results highlight the importance of homeownership for education and the dual nature of debt
What Were the Behavioral Sciences?
No full textThis paper traces the history of the U.S. behavioral sciences movement: a self-understood vanguard of U.S. social scientists—all the mainline disciplines except economics—forged in shared World War II service, maintained through funder-enabled networks of the early Cold War, and characterized by a mix of nomothetic confidence and aspirational scientism, until the movement’s decline in the mid-1960s. The behavioral sciences, the paper argues, were a social and intellectual formation with a mission—a movement, in other words. They were U.S. sociologists, political scientists, psychologists, and anthropologists, joined by a small number of like-minded economists. Most them had worked alongside one another in the World War II propaganda and morale bureaucracy, and were soon brought back together in the early Cold War by foundations and the military funders. They defined themselves against what they saw as a pre-scientific, speculative, meliorist social science, and—to a significant if lesser extent—against the emerging mainstream of postwar economics. Their aim was to promote an alternative vision for social science, one characterized by scientific rigor, nomothetic theory-building, and a broadly empiricist picture of knowledge accumulation. They aspired to fold mathematics into their methodological toolkits. They embraced the view that team-based interdisciplinary projects centered on applied problems could contribute to theoretical progress. They were a small, tight-knit community of American social scientists, clustered at elite institutions and in relative generational synchrony. Their movement, owing to shifts in patronage, the scale of the U.S. university system, and revelations about clandestine ties to the U.S. national security state, was in sharp decline by the mid-1960s
Structured Inequality, Uncertain Lifespans: Demographic Perspectives on Predicting Individual-level Longevity
No full textThere are striking disparities in life expectancy across sociodemographic groups in the United States, shaped by structural forces such as racism, class inequality, and policy environments. To what extent do sociodemographic characteristics structure – or fail to structure – individual lifespans? Using U.S. Census data linked to administrative death records, we assess how well early-adulthood social, economic, and demographic characteristics predict individual lifespan in a cohort of men born in 1910 and observed through their deaths between 1975 and 2005 (N = 121,000). Despite large group-level disparities, we find that sociodemographic characteristics measured in early adulthood explain less than two percent of the overall variation in individual lifespan. These findings reaffirm a central demographic regularity: variance in life expectancy between groups is small compared to variation in lifespan within groups. This highlights the fundamentally non-deterministic nature of how structural inequality shapes individual mortality