Jurnal Online STTKD (Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Kedirgantaraan)
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Barriers and Facilitators of Older Workers’ Abilities to Obtain and Maintain Employment: A Scoping Review
No full textThroughout adulthood, the ability to access employment is vital for financial well-being, social inclusion and civic participation. This scoping review explores the factors that facilitate or challenge the abilities of workers age 50 and older to obtain and maintain paid employment. A total of 244 academic and grey literature articles were included in this scoping review. To frame the data extraction and analysis of included literature, we drew on Human Ecology Theory, a multidisciplinary theory that posits that individuals affect and are affected by the contexts they inhabit. Four key contexts were identified that impact older workers’ employability (and the relevant codes that comprise each context): individual context (health, income and wealth accumulation, education and skills, employment history, lifestyle preferences and personal characteristics); family context (obligations with intimate partners, obligations to dependent children and caregiving obligations); workplace context (organizational characteristics, workplace policies, job characteristics and workplace relationships) and sociopolitical context (ageism, government labour and pension policies and macroeconomic conditions). We conclude that the employability of older workers is not attributable to a single factor within any of these contexts. Rather, older workers’ abilities to maintain their labour force participation are fluid, situational and temporal, including aspects that arise across a person’s life course as forms of cumulative advantage or disadvantage. Policies to support older workers’ labour force participation require governments and employers to recognize how the dynamic lived experiences and relationships of individuals—within families, workplaces and society—shape their employability in later life
Epistemic Cooperation: Experiment 2
No full textParticipants in this experiment play a collaborative quiz game with either a member of their political ingroup or a member of their political outgroup. We refer to this game as the Epistemic Game. Participants can therefore be apart of one of four possible dyads (a Republican paired with a Republican, a Republican paired with a Democrat, a Democrat paired with a Democrat, and a Democrat paired with a Republican). We refer to these dyads as "pairing types."
Other participants are sorted into a No-Quiz Control in which they interact with one another via a know-your-partner task, but do not play the epistemic game. We track both between- and within-subject outcome measures and compare these outcomes across pairing types and within pairing types across conditions
Preservation of positive emotion recognition in patients with multiple sclerosis: Artifact related to methodological issues or real feature of the disorder?
No full textPre-registered Manuscrip
Effect of unattended distributional training on phoneme category discrimination in English-Mandarin bilingual adult participants in Singapore
No full textThis study asks whether English-Mandarin bilingual Singaporean adults can learn an unfamiliar phoneme contrast, in an unattended audio training session with bimodally distributed frequencies for /d/ sounds on a dental-to-retroflex continuum. In addition we also seek to explore a possible link between certain aspects of bilingualism, and an individual's distributional learning outcomes. One specific aspect of Singapore English-Mandarin bilingualism that we aim to explore is whether differences in learning may be related to the way in which individuals perceive and produce phonemes of Mandarin that typically have a strong alveolar-retroflex fricative or affricate contrast in the Beijing variety, but which may be less contrastive in the Singapore variety of spoken Mandarin. We will investigate this using an obstruent retroflex identification task and training paradigm, along with a sibilant retroflex identification task, and questions about language background
Accelerating Social Science Knowledge Production with the Coordinated Open-Source Model
No full textWith the growing complexity of knowledge production, social science must accelerate and open up to maintain explanatory power and responsiveness. This goal requires redesigning the front end of the research to build an open and expandable knowledge infrastructure that stimulates broad collaborations, enables breaking down inertia and path dependencies of conventional approaches, and boosts discovery and innovation. This article discusses the coordinated open-source model as a promising organizational scheme that can supplement conventional research infrastructure in certain areas. The model offers flexibility, decentralization, and community-based development and aligns with open science ideas, such as reproducibility and transparency. Similar solutions have been successfully applied in natural science, but social science needs to catch up. I present the model’s design and consider its potential and limitations (e.g., regarding development, sustainability, and coordination). I also discuss open-source applications in various areas, including a case study of an open-source survey harmonization project Comparative Panel File
Developmental Changes in Nonsymbolic and Symbolic Fractions Processing: A Cross-Sectional fMRI study
No full textA substantial body of research has demonstrated that human and nonhuman animals have perceptually-based abilities to process magnitudes of nonsymbolic ratios (e.g., ratios composed by juxtaposing two line segments). Lewis et al. (2015) extended Dehaene and Cohen’s (2007) neuronal recycling hypothesis to include neurocognitive architectures for nonsymbolic ratio processing, proposing that these systems might support symbolic fractions acquisition. We tested two key propositions: (1) children should show neural sensitivity to nonsymbolic fractions before receiving formal fractions instruction, and (2) they should leverage this foundation by recruiting neural architectures for nonsymbolic fractions processing for symbolic fractions. We compared nonsymbolic and symbolic fractions processing among 2nd-graders (n=28, ages 7.5 - 8.8), who had not yet received formal symbolic fractions instruction, and 5th-graders (n=33, ages 10.3 - 11.9), who had. During fMRI scanning, children performed ratio comparison tasks, determining which of two nonsymbolic or symbolic fractions was larger. Both cohorts showed behavioral and neural evidence of processing nonsymbolic and symbolic fractions magnitudes, with performance modulated by numerical distance between stimuli. Consistent with predictions, 2nd-graders recruited a right parietal-frontal network for nonsymbolic fractions but not for symbolic fractions, whereas 5th-graders recruited a bilateral parietal-frontal network for both, overlapping with but extending beyond that of 2nd-graders. Neural representational similarity analysis revealed significant similarities between nonsymbolic and symbolic fraction processing in the intraparietal sulcus, a key region for numerical processing. These results present the first developmental neuroimaging evidence that neural substrates for nonsymbolic ratios exist before formal learning, which may be recycled to process symbolic fractions
Socioeconomic and indigenous school segregation: The role of institutional differentiation and fees
No full textSecondary school differentiation in Australia is a substantial driver of the segregation of low SES and Indigenous students. Such segregation acts as a mechanism for the intergenerational transfer of social disadvantages. Indigenous students are doubly-segregated into schools with high concentrations of low SES and Indigenous students. No school type is representative of the student population. Catholic, independent and public selective schools are associated with student segregation within geographical areas. School fees are the strongest predictor of segregation and partially explain the effect of differential school types. Independent schools are the strongest school type predicting segregation, followed by Catholic, then selective schools. States with lower rates of Catholic, independent and selective schools have lower levels of segregation. Private schools are far from enrolling a fair proportion of disadvantaged students in proportion to the public financing they receive. Substantial reforms to school and system reporting are required to end the exclusion of disadvantaged students
A meta-analysis of the impact and heterogeneity of explicit demand characteristics
No full textDemand characteristics are a fundamental methodological concern in experimental psychology. Yet, little is known about the direction, magnitude, and consistency of their effects. We conducted a three-level meta-analysis of 252 effect sizes from 52 studies that manipulated explicit demand characteristics (EDCs). On average, EDC’s led to small overall increases in hypothesis-consistent responding (g = 0.21, 95% CI [0.12, 0.31]). However, the effects were heterogeneous (between-study τ = 0.28; within-study σ = 0.18), with the prediction interval ranging from g = 0.89 (a large increase in hypothesis-consistent responding) to g = -0.46 (a moderate decrease in hypothesis-consistent responding). Consistent with previous theorizing, the observed and estimated distribution of these effects suggest that demand characteristics can create false positives, false negatives, upward bias, and downward bias. These unpredictable inferential consequences suggest that further research is needed to test mechanisms theorized to underlie the effects of demand characteristics
Multidimensionality of Romantic Orientation among the Aromantic/Asexual Spectrum in Japan
No full textIn recent years, the aromantic/asexual spectrum has become more visible in Japan, and research on sexual orientation among the aromantic/asexual spectrum remains limited but is increasing. However, there is extremely little research that focuses on romantic orientation. Studies on romantic orientation in Western countries tend to discuss aromanticism as one of the romantic orientations that asexual people possess. In Japan, on the other hand, the framing of romantic orientation in the aromantic/asexual spectrum community differs from that in Western countries, as the terminology in Japan occasionally labels someone “asexual” only if they are neither romantically nor sexually attracted to other people. Furthermore, extant quantitative research tends to be limited to discussions that rely on the dichotomy of aromantic or not, despite findings from community-based surveys that suggest romantic orientation is multifaceted, making it necessary to discuss various dimensions of romantic orientation. This study used the “Aromantic/Asexual Spectrum Survey 2020,” a web survey conducted by the Aro/Ace Survey Executive Committee, to examine the multidimensionality of romantic orientation by describing romantic identity, romantic attraction, and romantic desire. Findings indicated that the distributions of romantic attraction before and after self-identification as aro-ace differed by aromantic spectrum identity, such as alloromantic, aromantic, gray(a)romantic, demiromantic, lithromantic, and questioning. Differences by aromantic spectrum identity were also observed in the distributions of deep interest in a particular person, romantic excitement, and the desire to date. Items related to desires that involve actions with others, such as the desire to date, tended to have a lower percentage of positive responses than items related to desires that do not necessarily involve actions with others, such as deep interest in a particular person and romantic excitement