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The uncertainty of waiting: the liminality of the Western Balkans in the process of EU enlargement
No full textThis article deals with the concepts of time and temporality in the context of EU enlargement. It offers a critique of the prevailing understanding of time as linear, objective and abstract, unilinear flow of time and based on the exclusivity of its use as a universal measure. Accordingly, the article examines the EU construction of time as linear, objective, neutral and universal and in relation to progress and modernity. It argues that the EU’s understanding of time in terms of the temporal singularity of linear time creates temporal borders in the enlargement process by situating the EU and the candidate countries in different temporalities, thus demanding temporal synchronisation as a practice of shaping time. This article focuses on the Western Balkans as a region aspiring to EU membership. It examines how the EU shapes the time of the Western Balkans in the EU enlargement process by establishing temporal borders for the Western Balkans that define where progress occurs and consequently, how waiting is introduced as a means of temporal synchronisation
The Well-Being of Young People in Europe During the Pandemic: The Social Ties, Labor Market Integration, and the Social Inequalities
Get PDFThis chapter analyzes the relationships between life satisfaction and three dimensions of integration: social ties, participation in the labor market, and political participation among the European youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although it is commonly presumed that a higher level of social integration corresponds to a greater level of life satisfaction it is important to explore whether certain forms of integration may be associated with greater dissatisfaction and frustration. For instance, under certain circumstances, dissatisfaction might motivate greater political participation and involvement in various social networks. In other words, it is of interest to ascertain whether dissatisfaction might, in fact, foster a greater propensity to connect with others and engage in collective actions.
We address this problem by using multilevel data. The individual-level data come from the tenth cycle of the European Social Survey (ESS10-2018), conducted across 31 countries during the years 2020–2022. Since our study focuses on youth, a sub-population comprising individuals aged 15–35 years was extracted. In order to control for the contextual-level data, we employed two standard indicators, GINI and GDP per capita. The results show that the various forms of integration—closer social ties, being a member of an ethnic majority, labor market integration, and some forms of political participation (voting)—are associated with greater life satisfaction
Addressing Artificial Intelligence Bias in Accessible Smart Tourism for Sustainable Development
No full textThis paper delves into the pervasive issue of algorithmic bias within Artificial
Intelligence (AI) applications, particularly as it pertains to the dynamic field of accessible smart
tourism. With the tourism industry increasingly incorporating AI technologies into its operations,
there has been a notable enhancement in efficiency and effectiveness. However, this surge in AI
adoption has also brought to the forefront the challenge of bias, which poses significant hurdles
for both tourists and tourism providers.
To dissect this complex problem, the presentation utilizes illustrative scenarios to shed light on
various instances of AI bias within the tourism and hospitality sector. Additionally, it introduces a
framework designed to assess the global implications of bias within the realms of smart tourism
for sustainable development.
The presentation underscores the potential ramifications of bias on tourist experiences across
different phases: pre-travel, during travel/on-site, and post-travel, while considering viewpoints
from both tourists and providers. It emphasizes that many biases originate from the utilization of
AI within online platforms, thereby impacting tourists' information retrieval, decision-making
processes, and the marketing strategies employed by tourism providers. Furthermore, it delves
into the broader effects of AI on tourist experiences, outlining the social implications, managerial
considerations, and technological implications.
This presentation represents a pioneering effort in addressing the issue of AI bias within the
context of smart tourism. Moreover, it lays out pathways for future research, spanning topics such
as technology adoption and consumer behavior, the economic repercussions for tourism
providers, sustainable development and the regulatory landscap
Identitetske politike u XXI veku: uvažavanje razlika ili univerzalizacija partikularnosti?
No full textCilj rada je da ukaže na određena pitanja i smerove kritike koji se tiču
identitetskih politika kao dominantnog oblika artikulacije političkih zahteva, koji
ujedno zadaje i okvire političkog organizovanja različitih društvenih grupa od
sedamdesetih godina XX veka naovamo. Bez obzira na smerove kritike, društveni
teoretičari se danas slažu oko jednog – koncept identiteta je neophodan za
razumevanje savremenog političkog diskursa, ali i sopstva, društvenih pokreta,
mogućnosti otpora i solidarnosti. Kritičari, s druge strane, naglašavaju da je validiranje
individualnih identiteta tek razorena fasada istinske jednakosti, istovremeno
ukazujući na problematične tendencije koje se odnose na (ne)mogućnost
pregovaranja o političkim zahtevima pojedinačnih identiteta. Rad će ukazati na
istorijat identitetskih politika, razvoj ovog koncepta, kao i na različite perspektive
iz kojih dolazi kritika, leve i feminističke
RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN POST-SOVIET RUSSIA: TOWARDS THE ANALYSIS OF THE PRO-ORTHODOX CONSENSUS
Get PDFThis paper is dedicated to the theoretical analysis of the religious phenomenon of modern post-Soviet Russian society using the example of the so-called pro-Orthodox consensus. The pro-Orthodox consensus became relevant in the 1990s and endured until the end of the 2000s. In the context of major changes in late modern societies, the religious structure became increasingly complex while social reflexivity gained more autonomy. Sociologists and other scientists introduced the concept of the “reflexive attitude towards religion”. This concept means that in late modernity an individual conceives a sum of socially significant manifestations of everything implied and incorporated in the concept of “religion” and its derivatives. This attitude towards religion is not correlated with religious practices, religious belonging and religious experience as such. On the contrary, it is possessed by any person regardless of his/her inclusion in the religious context or his/her own religious identification. The result of such a religious structure is the fact that in the world of late modernity the epicenter of religious inequalities lies in the symbolic and communication sphere related to religion and its relationship with social institutions such as culture, education, ideology, morality and family.
The authors present the idea that those who “gain” most from the emerging religious inequalities are those who present themselves as supporters or opponents of certain religious initiatives, groups or symbols. Therefore, special significance lies in cultural and symbolic types of capital which are not concentrated in the circles of active believers now but spread widely among a broad mass of sympathizers of certain religious trends. The authors attempt to correlate the mentioned types of religious/denominational capital with new sorts of inequalities: inequalities on social networks and so-called situational (trend-related) inequalities. On the basis of this, the authors suggest the criteria for evaluating the vitality (sustainability) of modern religious feelings, including short-term (the general public’s support for certain religious initiatives), medium-term (self-identification with the denomination(s) of socially prestigious social groups) and long-term sustainability (shapingimage of future from the perspective of a particular religious position)
Integrated Adaptive Microlearning System for Healthcare Professionals
No full textA microlearning system providing up-to-date and on-time information relevant to the current work of the (bio)medical professionals was developed. The system uses a microlearning approach and adapts to the working procedure of the medical professionals. The microlearning system for healthcare professionals is built in Java programming language and Spring framework and supports three different (bio)medical knowledge sources: clinical practice guidelines documents, classification data from databases, and prepared content for specific diseases and drugs. Microlearning system enables the integration of the learning process into the (bio)medical working procedure. It aims to help medical workers gain additional information about a patient and his condition or prescribed medication. Unlike existing microlearning systems for healthcare professionals that are mostly used outside the working hours and mobile-based, the microlearning system developed in this research is designed to be used during the consultation with the patient within the (bio)medical professional’s workflo
Primena metoda mašinskog učenja pri klasifikaciji satelitskih snimaka
Get PDFMašinsko učenje, kao specifična oblast veštačke inteligencije, otvara nove horizonte za teorijska i
eksperimentalna istraživanja u domenu daljinske detekcije, posebno u kontekstu klasifikacije satelitskih
snimaka. Ovaj rad se fokusira na primenu metoda mašinskog učenja konkretno slučajnih šuma i
potpornih vektora, u cilju klasifikacije satelitskih snimaka. Analiza se izvodi koristeći program SAGA
GIS na satelitskim snimcima LANDSAT 8 OLI nivoa 2A. Klasifikacija satelitskih snimaka obuhvata dve
osnovne grupe kompjuterskih operacija: nenadgledanu (automatsku ili formalnu) i nadgledanu (poluautomatsku
ili logičku) klasifikaciju. U ovom istraživanju, praktična klasifikacija satelitskih snimaka
izvedena je primenom dve metode mašinskog učenja, slučajnih šuma i potpornih vektora. Rezultati
pokazuju da se dobijeni klasifikovani rasteri ne samo poklapaju, već i u potpunosti zamenjuju dosadašnje
metode klasifikacije i identifikacije geoprostornih objekata. Ovo istraživanje, stoga, doprinosi značajnom
unapređenju u načinu prikupljanja i analize geoprostornih podatak
Zaštita mentalnog zdravlja na mestima rada – ka normiranju psihosocijalnih rizika
No full textU oblasti zaštite zdravlja i bezbednosti na radu u postpandemijskom
periodu, a naročito u kontekstu digitalne i zelene tranzicije, kako s aspekta
kreiranja i vođenja javnih politika, tako i zakonodavnih intervencija, sve
više se ukazuje na važnost adresiranja pitanja zaštite mentalnog zdravlja i
osiguranja mentalne dobrobiti radno angažovanih lica. Za razliku od ranijeg,
tradicionalnog fokusa na prevenciju oboljenja i povreda u domenu zaštite
fizičkog integriteta i fizičkog zdravlja uopšte, danas dominira stanovište o
neophodnosti „jednake brige“, te osiguranja delotvorne zaštite i mentalnog
zdravlja na radu, a sve u uslovima promena u organizaciji i mestima rada
nastalih razvojem informacionih i komunikacionih tehnologija. S tim u vezi,
na nivou Evropske unije 2022. godine je usvojena Rezolucija Evropskog
parlamenta o novim psihosocijalnim rizicima (2022/C 347/10) sa inicijativom
Komisiji za donošenje posebne direktive o psihosocijalnim rizicimai dobrobiti na radu. Cilj je diferenciranje pojma psihosocijalnih rizika od
pojma mentalnog zdravlja, zatim bliže referisanje na psihosocijalne rizike
i utvrđivanje pojedinačnih specifičnosti, normiranje novih psihosocijalnih
rizika vezanih za oblike rada na daljinu i trenda digitalizacije radnih mesta,
kao i priznavanje prava na digitalnu nedostupnost u oblasti rada.
Primenom teorijskopravnog, normativnog i komparativnog metoda, u
radu se sagledava značaj identifikovanja, normiranja i primene posebnih,
dodatnih mehanizama za zaštitu mentalnog zdravlja na mestima rada. Ovo,
naročito, u okolnostima sve češćih akademskih rasprava i stručnih debata o
potrebi redefinisanja tradicionalnih radnopravnh instituta s aspekta promena
u svetu rada. Jasna identifikacija pojma psihosocijalnih rizika u radnom zakonodavstvu,
utvrđivanje novih javnopolitičkih mehanizama, odnosno prava
u okviru tradicionalno definisanog korpusa radnih i socijalnih prava poput
prava na digitalnu nedostupnost, te uključivanje sindroma sagorevanja na
radu u sistem profesionalnih oboljenja, kao i unošenje bližih odredbi o modelu
procene i upravljanja novim (digitalnim) psihosocijalnim rizicima na
radu na nivou poslodavaca jesu sve legislativni izazovi savremenog prava,
koji zahtevaju posebnu analizu i kritičku raspravu. Na primeru zakonodavnih
rešenja Nemačke i Španije u radu se ukazuje na izazove regulisanja
psihosocijalnih rizika i zaštite mentalnog zdravlja u domaćim okvirima, kao
i o potrebi njihovog bližeg normiranja de lege ferend
Izraelsko-palestinski sukob: čija je sveta zemlja?
Get PDFPitanje pripadnosti Svete zemlje jedno je od najkompleksnijih i najsveobuhvatnijih
pitanja današnjice i stoga predstavlja predmet rada koji
je pred nama. Mnoštvo važnih trenutaka u povijesti čovječanstva, ali i
ljudskih tragedija, obilježilo je taj mali i gusto naseljeni dio planeta. Oni
skupa, uz aktualni trenutak i događanja na tome prostoru, predstavljaju i
motiv za nastanak ovoga teksta. U prvome dijelu ukazujemo na duhovnu
prizmu apsolutnih vrijednosti izabranoga Božjega naroda i svijeta islama
Dar al-Islama. Dalje se oslanjamo na povijest izraelsko-palestinskih
odnosa, koja se temelji na stoljetnoj borbi i krvavim obračunima, jer ni
jedna strana nije spremna odreći se dijela teritorija za koji smatraju da
im pripada. U drugome dijelu rada fokus je na trenutačnoj stvarnostikoju je potaknuo 7. listopad 2023. godine kada je iz pojasa Gaze radikalna
grupa Hamas izvršila raketni napad na Izrael. Odgovor Izraela bio
je žestok i uslijedilo je novo složeno poglavlje odnosa na ovim prostorima,
ali i širih međunarodnih aktivnosti koje za zajednički sadržaj imaju
i novi strah od izbijanja sukoba globalnih razmjera. U radu smo koristili
metode analize sadržaja, kronologije i komparacije dobivenih rezultata
istraživanja. Na kraju smo nastojali dati što objektivniju ocjenu konflikta
i složenih uzročnosti koje utječu na širi kontekst u kojima se oni događaju
i dalje tumače, utječući na aktivnosti i ostalih važnih aktera u globalnoj
društveno-političkoj areni
